Name:_____________________________________________________
Environmental Science
Note Packet
Chapter 10 and 11-Aquatic Biomes (pg 154-181)
1. READ chapter 10 and 11 (pgs 154-181) in the text book.
2. Define the Vocabulary:
Chapter 10 Vocabulary
1. Benthic zone:
2. Photic zone:
3. Phytoplankton:
4. Salinity:
5. Sediment:
6. Wetland:
7. Zooplankton:
Chapter 11 Vocabulary
1. Continental Shelf:
2. Detritus:
3. Estuary:
4. Intertidal zone:
5. Neritic zone:
6. Oceanic zone:
7. Reef:
8. Subsidence:
Ms. Marcino
CHAPTER 10: FRESHWATER BIOMES
10.1 AQUATIC BIOMES

Water covers _______________________________________________ surface.

Aquatic habitat:

Most important factors:

1. ________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________
Salinity
 Salinity:
 Allows us to divide water into 2 groups:
 1. _______________________-30 parts per thousand.
 2. _______________________-0.5 parts per thousand.
 Brackish water-
Depth
 Directly related to ______________________________________ that reaches the __________________ of body of
water.
 Sunlight determines ____________________________________________________________________________________.
 Bodies of water can be divided into depth zones:
 _____________________________
 _____________________________
 _____________________________
Depth Zones Diagram
 Photic Zone:
 About 100 meters in open ocean.
 Aphotic Zone:
 Benthic Zone:
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What characteristic distinguishes the photic zone from the aphotic zone?
2. How is salinity determined and measured?
3. Suppose a friend wants to set up an aquarium and discovers that saltwater fish are more attractive,
but a freshwater aquarium is easier to maintain. Your friend decides to set up a freshwater
aquarium, but buys some saltwater fish to place in it. Predict what the result of this decision would
be and why.
10.2 STANDING-WATER ECOSYSTEMS
 Freshwater biomes:
 1. _________________________________________________________
 Lakes and ponds, wetlands, bogs, swamps, marshes
 2. _________________________________________________________
Lake

_____________________________ standing water; may have ________________________________________; may
be fed by _________________________________________________________.

Main producers:________________________________________________________________________________________.
Pond

Light reaches _________________________________________________; fed by ______________________________;
may be seasonal.

Main producers:________________________________________________________________________________________.
Marsh

Very _________________________ with land occasionally exposed; _____________________________________;
very low ______________________________________________; _____________________ may vary (Florida
Everglades.

Plants:________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Swamp

Poor _____________________________ (__________________________________________________________________);
along low ________________________________ and flat land.

Large __________________________________________________________________; plants grow in
________________________________________________________________; cypress trees, willow, dogwood.
Bog

Inland __________________________________ with little ____________________________________________________;
soil __________________________; decay _________________________.

______________________________________________ dominant; decayed moss accumulates.
Standing-Water Organisms

_________________________________ of water.

Plankton:


1. Phytoplankton:

2. Zooplankton:
________________________________________

Scavengers
 Food chain:
Wetlands
 Wetlands:

Examples:

Soil ____________________________________________; low in ____________________________.

Water may be ___________________________________________________________________________.

___________________________________________ in the water that passes through them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ for waterfowl.

________________________ protection.

Refill _______________________________________.

Human Activity

Destroy because we don’t like the animals there.

It is not attractive to us.

Like waterfront view.
The Florida Everglades

Use to span ________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Maximum water depth ___________________________________________.

Wet season from ____________________________________________________.

Much drained to create farmland.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Where would you be likely to find benthic organisms in an aquatic ecosystem?
2. What is the difference between the role of phytoplankton and the role of zooplankton in an aquatic
food web?
10.3 FLOWING-WATER ECOSYSTEMS
Stream Organisms

Adapted to ___________________________________________________________________________________.

Insects have hooks to grab hold of plants.

Fish “smell” chemicals in the water to return to old breeding grounds.
Stream Flow

Flow to ___________________ because of _________________________________.

Source (__________________________) of stream: _______________________________________________


Headwater-______________________________________________________________________________
Sediments:

Accumulate on ___________________; provide place for ___________________________________________.

Slow flow of _______________________________.

Cause stream to change course over time.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What condition encourages sediments to settle out of the flowing water in a stream?
2. Why are there fewer organisms in the headwater of a stream than further downstream?
CHAPTER 11: THE MARINE BIOME
11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN

The ___________________ between the ____________________________.

All oceans are _________________________________.

Zones based on depth:


______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

______________________________________________
Zones based on distance from shore:

_________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
The Oceanic Zone

Oceanic Zone:

___________________________________________ below ocean surface.

Not much__________________________________

Photic Zone


_______________________________________________________________________________
Aphotic Zone

Many organisms feed on ___________________________________________________.

Detritus:
Ocean Water

Near __________________________________________.


Near _____________________________.


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ content.
____________________________________________________.
Ocean currents:

Driven by wind.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What is detritus made of, and why is it important to deep sea organisms?
2. Why does the oceanic zone have no plants? What are the producers of the open ocean?
11.2 NERITIC ZONES

Continental Shelf:

Area between the ______________________________________________________________________________ the
surface of the water.

Neritic Zone:

In the photic zone.

Reefs and estuaries.
Coral Reefs

Reef:

Made from __________________________________________________________________________________.

In ________________________________________________________ waters.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ for many fish.

Protect shoreline from __________________________________________________.

VERY diverse.

Reef made of:


______________________________________________________________________ of corals.

Symbiotic relationship between _________________________________ inside tissue of coral.
Humans harm reefs:

___________________________________________________________.

______________________________________________________ for jewelry.

______________________________________________ aquariums.

Water ___________________________.
Estuaries

Estuary:

Brackish water.
Neritic Zone Productivity

Factors:

_____________________________________________________ allows photosynthesis.

High in ________________________________________________.

______________________________________
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Where in the ocean does the neritic zone begin and end?
2. Some types of ecosystems recover from damage more quickly than others. Would you expect coral reefs
to recover quickly from the types of damage described in this section? Why or why not?
11.3 INTERTIDAL ZONES

Intertidal zone:

Organisms must survive: ________________________________________________________________________________.

Surrounded by _____________________________________.
Salt Marshes

________________________________________________________ that often surround _____________________________
________________________________________________.

________________________________________________ tides.

Support ________________________________________________________________.

Support ocean ecosystem.

Form when ________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Slowing of waters cause sediments to be deposited in ______________________________________.
Sediments ______________________________________________________________________________________.

Subsidence:
Mangrove Swamps

Coastal __________________________________ that occurs only in ________________________________________.

Mangrove-____________________________________________________________________________________________.


____________________________________________________________________
Very little _________________________________________________________________.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Why are salt marshes considered part of the intertidal zone?