FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE- Biology I
Spring 2014
Name: ______________________________
The second semester final exam is a cumulative exam that will test your knowledge on ALL material
covered second semester. This review guide should be completed before the exam as a MINIMUM
requirement. It is also suggested that all notes, worksheets, quizzes, and study guides are reviewed as
well! Use a separate sheet to compete the questions in full detail.
Units Covered
-
Diffusion & Osmosis
Cells
DNA / RNA
Biotechnology
Mitosis & meiosis
Genetics
Diffusion and Osmosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
VOCAB – Diffusion, osmosis, passive transport, active transport, facilitative diffusion,
solute, solvent, semi-permeable membrane, hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic,
concentration, equilibrium
What is required in active transport that is not necessary in passive transport?
Is facilitative diffusion considered active or passive transport? What is necessary for
substances to pass through a membrane in facilitative diffusion?
If you put a gummy bear in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to the gummy bear,
why?
What is an example of a solute? Solvent?
When placing an egg in salt water, the salt is too large of a molecule to pass through the
egg, what WILL pass through? What is this process called?
Particles will always move from a ______________ concentration to a
_______________ concentration to reach equilibrium.
7. Draw arrows to show the direction of water movement in the picture below.
8.
9.
.1% Salt
.5% Salt
99.9% Water
99.5% Water
Solution:__________________
What will happen to cell:__________________
Why might a cell need active transport to occur?
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE- Biology I
Spring 2014
Cells
VOCAB: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cell
membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole
Cell membrane  hydrophobic, hydrophilic, fatty acid tail, phosphate head, polar,
nonpolar
10. How is the cell membrane related to the different types of diffusion/osmosis?
11. How does the cell membrane differ from a cell wall?
12. Which organelle is responsible for making energy in the cell?
13. Which organelle is responsible for storing water and ions?
14. Which organelle is responsible for housing the DNA?
15. Label the cell membrane. Include all vocab listed above under the cell membrane
category.
DNA/RNA
VOCAB: Rosalind Franklin, Watson & Crick, Deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleotide, purine,
pyrimidine, thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine, helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA replication
RNA ribonucleic acid, uracil, protein synthesis, transcription, translation, codon,
anticodon, ribosome, amino acid, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
16. Where is the DNA in eukaryotic cells located?
17. What does DNA stand for?
18. What is a nucleotide made of?
19. The template strand of a DNA strand is ATAAGCATGCCTGC, what is the complementary strand?
20. Explain the overall shape and structure of a DNA molecule.
21. Regarding DNA, what makes individual organisms unique?
22. Adenine binds to _________ with ___ hydrogen bonds, Guanine bonds to
_____________with ___ hydrogen bonds.
23. Name three differences and three similarities between DNA and RNA.
FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE- Biology I
Spring 2014
24. Fill in the complimentary nitrogenous bases in the picture below.
25. Explain the process illustrated below. Label the DNA strand and the RNA strand. How do
you know which is which?
26. What are the three different types of RNA?
27. What is transcription? Where does it take place in the cell?
28. What is translation? Where does it take place in the cell?
29. Using the sequence: ATAAGCATGCCTGC, transcribe the DNA to mRNA.
30. Using the new transcribed strand from question 26, translate the mRNA to amino acids.
31. What is the significance of converting the DNA code into an mRNA code? Why does
this have to happen?
32. What are the building blocks of proteins called?
33. What is the difference between codons and anticodons?
34. What is a mutation? What are some examples of how
mutations can affect a DNA sequence?
Biotechnology
VOCAB: gel electrophoresis, restriction enzyme, sticky ends,
DNA fragments, vector, stem cells, plasmid, genetically
modified organism
35. How can you determine the size of a DNA fragment?
36. What is DNA fingerprinting? What is this process used for?
37. What is a gene?
FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE- Biology I
Spring 2014
38. How can bacterial DNA be used carry out functions of human genes?
39. What is the difference between an embryonic stem cell and an adult stem cell? Which of
the two is limited in what type of cell it can become?
40. Understand how to read/compare gel electrophoresis gels. How would you use them to
convict a suspect? How would you use them to prove paternity?
41. What do the bands on a gel electrophoresis gel represent?
42. What is a sticky end?
43. What is a GMO? What does GMO stand for and who does it actually
mean?
44. Name one reason GMOs are harmful to our society today.
45. Name one reason GMOs are helpful to our society today.
Mitosis/ Meiosis
VOCAB: Interphase, G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, mitosis,
chromatin, chromosomes, sister chromatids, centromere, telomere, spindle fibers, diploid, haploid,
meiosis, crossing over, homologous pair, karyotype, gametes, somatic cells, sex chromosomes, cancer,
malignant tumor, benign tumor, carcinogen
46. What happens in each specific part of interphase?
47. List the phases of mitosis in order. Explain what happens in each phase.
48. At the end of mitosis, what is the product? How many cells are produced? How do they
compare to the parent cell?
49. List 3 similarities and 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis.
50. When does crossing over take place?
51. At the end of meiosis, what is the product? How many cells are produced? How do they
compare to the parent cell?
52. What are common treatments for cancer?
53. In a homologous pair, where does each chromosome come from?
54. Know the difference between the stages of mitosis
and the stages of meiosis.
55. Know the different parts of a chromosome.
FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE- Biology I
Spring 2014
Genetics
VOCAB: Allele, genotype, phenotype, heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive,
incomplete dominance, codominance, Punnett square, sex-linked trait, pedigree
56. Who is known as the “father of genetics?”
51. What plants did he study? Why?
52. What is an allele?
53. Define the following: homozygous, heterozygous, pure, hybrid, dominant, recessive,
heredity, genetics, trait.
54. What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
55. Practice problems from your worksheets for the following types of crosses: complete
dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, sex-linked traits, and blood typing.
56. What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance? How are
these crosses written differently?
57. What is a pedigree? Study example problems of these from past worksheets.
58. What is a carrier?
59. How do the sex chromosomes for males and females differ?
60. Sex linked traits occur more commonly in whom? Why?
61. A man who has a recessive, sex linked disorder must have inherited it from whom?
Why?
62. Which blood type is the universal receiver? Donor?
63. A man who is homozygous for blue eyes marries a women who is heterozygous for
brown eyes. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of their offspring?
64. Black fur is dominant to white fur in Cocker Spaniel dogs, however a heterozygous
genotype produces tan colored Cocker Spaniel puppies. If a tan male Cocker Spaniel dog
mates with a white colored female. What will their offspring look like?
65. A mother has blood type O and the father is heterozygous for type A blood. What are
the possible blood types of their offspring?
66. In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over white eyes. This gene is X-linked. What kind of
female offspring will result from the cross of a white eyed female and a red eyed male?