Name____________________________________________________ Period __________ Date ____________________
Final Exam Review
Genetics & Heredity
Vocab
P, F1, F2
CoGenotype
Phenotype Dominant
Recessive
Generations
dominance
Incomplete
Law of
Pedigree
Allele
Homozygous Heterozygous
dominance
segregation
Law of indep.
Sex
Nondisjunction Karyotype Autosome
Crossing over
assortment
chromosome
Questions
1. Who was Mendel and what he is best known for?
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2. Why does crossing over create variation for future offspring?
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3. If an individual is homozygous recessive for attached earlobes and the other is
heterozygous for detached earlobes, what is the probability that their offspring will
have attached earlobes?
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4. How does meiosis I differ from meiosis II?
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5. What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell?
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6. If the diploid number of a gorilla is 48, then what is the haploid number of its
gametes?
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7. What is the genotypic ratio for a cross between two heterozygous purple pea
plants? (Purple is dominant over white)
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8. What is the phenotypic ratio for a cross between a homozygous dominant
individual and a heterozygous individual?
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9. What information can you attain just from looking at a pedigree? What can you see
from a karyotype?
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10. Why are X-linked disorders more commonly expressed in males?
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11. How is it possible for one parent with A blood and the other with B blood to have a
child with O blood?
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12. What occurs in the cells during meiosis for an individual to have a child with Down
syndrome?
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DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis & Meiosis
Vocab
Franklin Watson & Crick Chargaff
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Exons
Amino acid
Introns
Avery
DNA
RNA
RNA Polymerase Transcription Translation
Nucleotide
Tetrads
Homologues
Questions
1. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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2. What is the function of DNA in organisms?
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3. List the 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
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4. In DNA, which nitrogenous base bonds with adenine? Which base bonds to guanine?
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5. In what ways does DNA differ from RNA?
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6. Where in the cell does transcription take place, and what is occurring during this
step?
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7. Where in the cell does translation take place, and what is occurring during this
step?
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8. Write the mRNA sequence for the following DNA strand: TAC-AAG-CGA-ACC-TTGATT
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9. What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand you just transcribed?
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Evolution
Vocab
Darwin
Common
ancestry
Natural
selection
Vestigial
organs
Artificial
selection
Hutton & Lyell
Adaptation Homologous Analogous
Lamarck
Questions
1. What is the driving force for evolution that Darwin highlighted in his book On the
Origin of Species?
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2. How does an animal’s fitness determine whether it will survive in an environment?
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3. Why was Lamarck’s theory of acquired traits later disproved by Darwin?
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4. What were Darwin’s findings with the finches of the Galapagos?
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5. What are the four pieces of evidence to support the theory of evolution?
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6. If two organisms have very similar DNA sequences, but are of different species what
can be inferred from this information?
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Ecology
Vocab
Ecosystem
Niche
Decomposers
Organism
Habitat
Autotroph
Population
Producers
Scavengers
Community
Biome
Herbivores
Omnivores
Mutualism Commensalism
Biomass
Carnivores
Parasitism
Questions
1. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
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2. Energy is transferred between trophic levels, what is the relationship between the
two?
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3. What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth?
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4. What is the difference between an organism’s habitat and niche?
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5. How are nutrients put back into the Earth and allow the food web to be considered a
cycle of life?
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6. Create a food chain starting with producers with the following organisms: rabbit,
grass, bacteria, eagle
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Bacteria/Viruses
Vocab
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirilum
Virus
Binary fission
Peptidoglycan
Questions
1. What are the differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
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2. How are antibiotics used to kill bacteria in the body?
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3. Where do phototrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria get their energy from?
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4. What type of environments do bacteria typically grow in?
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5. How was the bacteria lab done in class considered to be a controlled experiment?
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6. Why are viruses considered to be non-living?
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7. What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?
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