Global Studies
Name
Latin America Review
Map
Label the following on the map using the corresponding number or letter.
Countries
1. Argentina
2. Bolivia
3. Brazil
4. Chile
5. Columbia
6. Cuba
7. Ecuador
8. Haiti
9. Mexico
10. Panama
11. Puerto Rico
12. Venezuela
Landforms
a. Amazon Basin
b. Andes Mountains
c. Baja California
d. Cape Horn
e. Isthmus of Panama
f. Pampas Grasslands
g. Sierra Madres
h. Yucatan Peninsula
Bodies of Water
A. Amazon
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Caribbean
D. Gulf of Mexico
E. Pacific Ocean
F. Rio Grande
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Geography
Origin of term
“Latin America”
Isolating Factors
of Regions
Regionalism
Derived from the languages, Spanish and Portuguese, which are
romance languages with Latin roots
Mountains and rainforests
Strong local traditions that divide people within a country or region
Civilizations
Civilization
Location(s)
Maya
Yucatan Peninsula and Central
America
Aztec
Central Plateau of Mexico
Inca
Decline
Reason unknown. Disease, war, or
revolts?
Hernando Cortes conquered them with
the help of other Native Americans
Francisco Pizarro conquered them
Andes Mountains of South
America
Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors like Cortes and Pizarro who were armed with
steel, guns, canons, horses and disease
Tenochtitlan
Capital city of the Aztecs
Montezuma
Last emperor of the Aztecs
Colonialism
Explorer
Columbus Spain
Balboa
Spain
Magellan
Spain
Cabral
Portugal
Country
Discovery
West Indies- he was trying to sail to India
and the East indies
Crossed isthmus of Panama and
discovered the Pacific Ocean
First to circumnavigate the world.
Discovered Strait of Magellan.
Discovered Brazil. Was blown off course
when sailing around Africa.
2 Main Colonial
Powers
Viceroy
Spain & Portugal
Mercantilism
Haciendas
Colonial system designed to enrich mother country. Colonies
provided resources and bought European good.
Large plantation or ranch
Peninsulares
Officials sent from Spain to rule the colonies
Official who ruled in place of the king, governor
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Creoles
People of Spanish descent who were born in the Americas
Mestizos
People of mixed European and Native American ancestry
Maroon Colonies Colonies established by runaway slaves
Independence Movements
Revolutionary
Country (ies)
Toussant
Haiti
L’Ouverture
Simon Bolivar
Miguel
Hidalgo
Venezuela, Columbia, &
Panama
Ecuador & Peru w/San
Martin
Argentina
Chile w/Bernardo O’Higgins
Ecuador & Peru w/Bolivar
Mexico
(Independence came later)
Dom Pedro
Brazil
Jose de San
Martin
Mexico
Most Common
Ethnic Group
Mexican
Revolution
NAFTA & Its
Members
Brazil
Most Common
Landform
Ethnic Groups
Brazilian
Miracle
Current Energy
Status
Description
First free country in Latin America.
Former slave led a revolt against the
French. L’Ouverture died in a French
prison.
Bolivar, a Creole from Venezuela, was
known as “the Liberator.” He had
Haitian help and promised to free
slaves. Bolivia named after Bolivar.
San Martin was an Argentinean Creole
who had served in Spanish army. Left
Ecuador & Peru to Bolivar
Hidalgo was a priest who led an army of
Mestizos and native Americans. He
was shot by a royalist firing squad.
Portuguese prince who declared
independence, but later gave power to
his son and went into exile.
Mostly Mestizo (60 Native American groups also)
1 million died in 11 year struggle (1910-1921) that toppled dictator
Porfirio Diaz. Land was redistributed, workers given rights, power of
church limited
North American Free Trade Agreement between US, Canada, and
Mexico
Amazon Rainforest
Black, European (Portuguese & others), Japanese (largest population
outside of Japan), and Native American
Economic turnaround. Development of new industries, hydroelectric
power, and gasohol (sugarcane)
Self-reliant
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Environmental
Problem
Cuba
Cuba Before
Castro
Fidel Castro
Government and
Economy Type
Cold War Ally
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile
Crisis
Trade Embargo
Destruction of rainforest for agriculture; timber and mineral
extraction; and beef production
US business and mafia thrived under dictator Fulgencio Batista
Young Cuban lawyer/revolutionary who took over in 1959. Gave
power to brother Raul in 2008.
Communist dictatorship
Soviet Union
1961- US supported invasion of Cuba by 1400 Cuban exiles.
Colossal failure and embarrassment for US.
1962- 13 day standoff between US and USSR over Soviet nuclear
missiles in Cuba. Closest world ever came to nuclear war.
1961- US trade with Cuba was outlawed. Embargo continues to this
day, mostly due to huge Cuban exile population in Florida who hate
Castro regime.
Puerto Rico
Commonwealth
Status
US territory. Self-governing. US citizens, but don’t pay federal taxes
or have federal representation. Has voted against statehood and
independence.
US and Central America
Conflict in
In the 1980s, US supported right-wing government against left-wing
El Salvador
rebels.
Conflict in
In the 1980s, US supported the Contras, right-wing rebels, in struggle
Nicaragua
against left-wing Sandinista government.
Current Issues
Debt
Nations amassed huge debts to foreign lenders that led to a crisis in
the 1980s that hurt most Latin American economies
Drug Trade
US and European demand for drugs (cocaine, marijuana, heroin) led
to the growth of violent drug cartels in Columbia and Mexico
Environmental
Population growth and development of resources have led to
problems
deforestation, overfishing, strip mining, and air pollution
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