Name ______________________ Date __________________________ Class Period ____________
Freshwater Study Guide
Water Filtration/Treatment of Water
Match the following:
You need to know that floc is clumps of dirt and sediment.
1.) Aeration C
A. Gravity pulls particles of floc to the bottom of the container.
2.) Coagulation B
B. chemicals are added so that dirt and other suspended solid
3.) Sedimentation A
particles chemically stick together into “floc” and can easily
4.) Filtration E
be removed from water.
5.) Disinfection and Storage D
C. air is added to water and gasses that are trapped in water
and allowed to escape.
D. the final process in which chemicals such as chlorine are added to water to
kill harmful micro-organisms.
E. removes most of the impurities remaining in water after coagulation and
sedimentation have taken place.
Aquifers
Use your aquifer notes to fill in the blanks to the following definitions:
1.) An aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock or sediment containing water.
2.) Groundwater is water held underground.
3.) The Water table is the top of a region that is saturated and completely filled with water
4.) A Permeable substance is a substance that liquids can flow through.
5.) The Saturation zone is the region below the water table.
6.) An Impermeable substance is the substance that liquids cannot flow through.
7.
What is needed for an aquifer to form?
A layer of permeable rock holds the water. Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces of gravel, sand or rock.
A neighboring area of impermeable rock keeps the water from draining away. (Either above or below )
A source of water replenishes or refills the aquifer. Like any body of water, an aquifer can be emptied.
8.) What is a major importance of aquifers?
They can filter out bacteria and other small organisms
Can remove some harmful chemicals and minerals
Can make groundwater clear and ready to drink
If it is not polluted, the groundwater may not need expensive treatment.
9.) Name some examples of impermeable substances?
Solid Granite and Clay
10.) Name some examples of permeable substances?
Sand, Soil, Gravel, and coffee filter
Glaciers Define the following:
Glacier
“Moving River of Ice”
Define:
It is a large body of continuously accumulating ice and
compacted snow, formed in mountain valleys or at the
poles, that deforms under its own weight and slowly
moves.
Name some synonyms for Glaciers:
ice floe, iceberg, ice field, icecap, ice sheet, glacier
Abrasion
smaller particles
act like large
pieces of sand
paper and cause
grooves to be
carved into the
land.
Plucking
happens when
materials are picked up
by the moving glacier
and moved from the
place that it has been
for centuries.
Eratics
are boulders that
the glacier has
carried along with
it as it moved.
Glaciers Fill in the Blank and Short Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What occurs when cool temperatures endure for extended periods of time, allowing polar ice to advance into
lower latitudes? Ice Age_
Presently, 10 % of land area is covered with glaciers.
Glaciers store about _75_% of the world's freshwater.
Glacial ice sometimes appears blue when it becomes very _dense_.
Draw a Venn diagram for U-shaped valleys and a V-shaped valleys?
U Shaped Valley
Glaciers reshape the river pathway into a U-shaped
valley. Carved out by plucking and abrasion.
V Shaped Valley
V-shaped valleys are carved by rivers as they pass over the land
Water Cycle: Use your notes to define the following:
Runoff
Much of the water that returns to the Earth as precipitation runs off the surface of the land, and flows
downhill into streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.
Transpiration
As plants absorb water from the soil the water moves from the roots through the stems to the leaves.
Once the water reaches the leaves, some of it evaporates for the leaves, adding to the amount of water
vapor in the air.
Condensation
Small droplets of water form in clouds when the temperature and atmospheric pressure are right.
Precipitation
The opposite of evaporation. This occurs when a gas is changed into a liquid.
Infiltration
The process of rain water soaking into the ground, through the soil and underlying rock layers.
Accumulation
The buildup of water in one place over a course of time.
Evaporation
The process where a liquid, in this case water, changes from its liquid state to a gaseous state.
Label the water cycle chart below.