Name______________________________
Hour_______________________
Chapter 2
1. The underlying assumption of environmental determinism is that
a. the physical environment alone shapes human actions and cultures.
b. humans by their actions and technologies alter the environment to suit their needs.
c. determining environmental limitations on cultures is a primary task of geography.
d. determined environmentalists can influence cultural change.
Answer:
2. The cultural landscape
a. summarizes the nonmaterial aspects of a society.
b. is equivalent to a culture realm or a single-trait social region.
c. represents the areal extent of a hearth region.
d. is the earth’s surface as modified by human action.
Answer:
3. The elements of the ideological subsystem of a culture
a. are the concrete material evidence of the ideas and concepts of a society.
b. are the intangible items giving distinctive content and character to a culture.
c. summarize the formal organizational structure of a culture.
d. define the mental and educational capabilities of a culture.
Answer:
4. Cultural diversity between societies of different ancient culture hearths was a reflection of
a. racial differences.
b. differing levels of urbanization.
c. differing intellectual capacities for cultural development.
d. differing tools and behaviors developed for dealing with perceived possibilities of
the
physical environment.
Answer:
5. An assemblage of interrelated culture traits comprises a culture
a. realm.
b. complex.
c. region.
d. landscape.
Answer:
6. When one culture group undergoes major change by adopting the characteristics of another,
dominant group, it has experienced
a. asymmetrical culturation.
b. cultural bias.
c. acculturation.
d. neo-culturalism.
Answer:
7. Change within culture groups is induced by
a. creativity and cultural spontaneity.
b. diffusion and diffraction.
c. innovation and implementation.
d. diffusion and innovation.
Answer:
8. The elements of the sociological subsystem of a culture include all of the following EXCEPT
a. language.
b. school system.
c. religion.
d. form of government.
Answer:
9. Culture is a genetically-inherited characteristic of humans.
A)
True
B)
False
10. Which is the correct order of hierarchy from smallest scale to largest scale for identifying the
spatial dimension of culture?
A)
culture realm, culture region, culture complex, culture trait
B)
culture trait, culture region, culture complex, culture realm
C)
culture complex, culture region, culture realm, culture trait
D)
culture trait, culture complex, culture region, culture realm
11. A result of globalization, it has been suggested, is a ____________ of cultures.
A)
fracturing
B)
homogenization
12. The theory that the dominant control on humans are physical phenomenon such as climate is
known as:
A)
possibilism
B)
environmental determinism
13. The viewpoint that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development
is known as __________.
A)
possibilism
B)
environmental determinism
14. The modification of the earth's surface by humans results in a cultural landscape.
A)
True
B)
False
15. Groups of hunter-gatherers in the Paleolithic time period probably lived _______________.
A)
in close proximity to each other
B)
more isolated than not from each other
16. The depopulation of the Chaco Canyon settlements was caused by abrupt and disastrous climatic
change.
Answer:
17. The term “globalization” implies the increasing interconnection of all parts of the world in
cultural, social, and economic characteristics.
Answer:
18. Sociofacts include the institutions and patterns of group and personal relationships that unite a
culture.
Answer:
19. Significant human alteration of the natural landscape has occurred only since the Industrial
Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Answer:
20. Despite the term “Agricultural Revolution,” the domestication of plants and animals was more
evolutionary than revolutionary.
Answer:
21. Discuss physical and social conditions that either encourage or retard the diffusion of cultural
traits. Which set of conditions, in your opinion, is dominant in the world today? Why?
Answer:
22. What evidence can you cite that humans have throughout their history exerted destructive
pressures on the natural environments they have occupied? Have those pressures necessarily
become more destructive as technological subsystems have become more advanced? Explain.
Answer: