Name: ____________________________________________________________ Period: ______________ Date: ______________________________
Unit 9 – Evolution Review
DUE on Test Day – Thursday, January 29th
Matching:
_________
1.
When allele frequencies of a population are changed due to the
migration of the same species into and/or out of the population
A. Evolution
_________
2.
This type of adaptation includes actual body parts or coloration that help
an organism survive in their environment; camouflage, sharp teeth, bent
hind legs
C. Natural selection
B. Fitness
D. Stabilizing selection
_________
3.
This type of natural selection favors one extreme of the population;
example favoring dark moth color over lighter colors
_________
4.
This type of isolation occurs when a species is separated by geography
_________
5.
When allele frequencies of a population are changed due to randomness
or chance, reduces genetic variation
_________
6.
Structures that are present in different organisms that have the same
function, but are structurally different
I.
Structural adaptation
J.
Behavioral adaptation
_________
7.
Process when the overall population of a species changes over time
K. Genetic drift
_________
8.
This type of isolation occurs when a species is separated by behavioral
characteristics
L.
_________
9.
This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves from a single
ancestor while living in the same geographic niche
N. Bottleneck
_________
10. This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves as a result of
complete geographic isolation
O. Geographic isolation
_________
11. This type of natural selection favors both extremes of the population and
could result in a new species over time
Q. Divergent evolution
_________
12. A change or process of change by which an organism or species is better
suited to its environment; a heritable characteristic that the organism
was born with
S.
_________
13. Structures that are present in different organisms that have a different
function, but are structurally similar
U. Parapatric speciation
_________
14. This type of adaptation includes ways an organism acts to help it survive
in their environment; migration, hibernation, playing dead
W. Homologous structures
_________
15. This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves as a result of
partial geographic isolation
_________
16. This type of evolution occurs due to the influence of closely related species on each other
_________
17. Process whereby individual organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, more
advantageous traits become more common
_________
18. When a new colony is formed/founded by a few members of a population
_________
19. This type of selection is the intentional breeding for certain traits over others; example dog breeding
_________
20. This type of evolution occurs when unrelated species become similar as they adapt to similar environments
_________
21. When a population’s size is reduced for at least one generation due to a catastrophic event
_________
22. This type of natural selection favors the average for the population thus decreasing the genetic diversity
_________
23. This type of evolution occurs when a new species evolves from a common ancestor
_________
24. An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
E. Directional selection
F.
Disruptive selection
G. Artificial selection
H. Adaptation
Gene flow
M. Founder effect
P. Behavioral isolation
R. Convergent evolution
Coevolution
T. Allopatric speciation
V. Sympatric speciation
X. Analogous structures
25. This picture below is an example of a homologous structure, analogous structure, or vestigial structure? (circle one)
26. This picture below is an example of a homologous structure, analogous structure, or vestigial structure? (circle one)
27. Organisms that have functionally similar structures (analogous structures) but belong to different taxonomic groups
(different ancestor) evolved through which type of evolution?
a.
Convergent evolution
b.
Divergent evolution
c.
Parallel evolution
d.
Coevolution
28. Organisms that have structurally similar structures (homologous structures) and share the same ancestor evolved
through which type of evolution?
a.
Convergent evolution
b.
Divergent evolution
c.
Parallel evolution
d.
Coevolution
The Miller and Urey experiment (orUrey–Miller experiment) was an experimentthat simulated
hypothetical conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested for the
occurrence of chemical origins of life.
29. Based on the reading above, what is the significance of the Miller-Urey experiment (what is it/why is it important)?
30. What are the “five fingers” of evolution?
1.____________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________
5.___________________________________________________
31. Which of the following is NOT a method of introducing new alleles into a population?
a.
Mutation
b.
Genetic drift
c.
Gene flow
Questions 32-34 identify the description as:

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Directional selection

Artificial selection
32. A plant that is too short may not be able to compete with other plants for sunlight. However, extremely tall plants
may be more susceptible to wind damage. Combined, these two selection pressures select to maintain plants of
medium height. The number of plants of medium height will increase while the numbers of short and tall plants will
decrease. This is an example of what type of selection? _____________________________________________
33. Using the familiar example of giraffe necks, there was a selection pressure against short necks, since individuals with
short necks could not reach as many leaves on which to feed. As a result, the distribution of neck length shifted to
favor individuals with long necks. This is an example of what type of selection?
_________________________________________
34. Imagine a plant of extremely variable height that is pollinated by three different pollinators, one that was attracted to
short plants, another that preferred plants of medium height and a third that visited only the tallest plants. If the
pollinator that preferred plants of medium height disappeared from an area, medium height plants would be selected
against and the population would tend toward both short and tall, but not medium height plants. This is an example
of what type of selection? ________________________________________________
35. Use the data table below to answer the following questions.
Species Pairing
Fruit fly- dogfish shark
Fruit fly-pigeon
Fruit fly-screwworm fly
Fruit fly-silkworm moth
Fruit fly-tobacco hornworm mother
Fruit fly-wheat
Number of Amino Acid
Differences in Cytochrome C
26
25
2
15
14
47
a.
What is the fruit fly most closely related to based on the amino acid differences in the data table?_______________________
b.
What is the fruit fly least closely related to based on the amino acid differences in the data table?________________________
36. Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?
a.
Fitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats
b.
Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual of the population selects
c.
Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population
d.
Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation
37. List all the physical characteristics the embryos below have in common based on the information included in the image.
Common physical characteristics:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Cladogram
38.
39.
40.
41.
Use the cladogram below and answer the questions:
Which organism is the closest to the humans?_______________
Which ancestral trait does do the birds, prosimians, and humans share?__________________________
What traits do all these organisms share?_____________________________
Which organism is the most distantly related to humans?_________________________
Matching:
_________
42. Believed that over the lifetime of an organism that physical features would
increase or decrease in size because of use or disuse and that these changes
would be passed on to offspring
A. Darwin
_________
43. Known for his contribution to the continental drift hypothesis and plate tectonics
C.
_________
44. Known as the Father of Evolution, studied finches in Galapagos islands
D. Wegener
_________
45. Stated that external forces control population growth; examples include
resources, space, food, disease, famine and natural disasters
_________
46. Branch of biology that deals with the development of an embryo
_________
47. Branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms
_________
48. The evolutionary history of a species
_________
49. Set of all fossils together that can be used to tell the history of the earth
_________
50. Branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms
and their specific structural features
B. Lamarck
Malthus
A. Phylogeny
B. Embryology
C.
Fossil record
D. Taxonomy
E.
Morphology