Name___________________________________________________ Date______________________ Period__________
1.
What is the basic SI unit for the following measurements? a.
Distance - meter b.
Mass - gram c.
Volume - liter
2.
What is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure? a.
A mineral
3.
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs Scale? a.
diamond
4.
Which type of rock is formed by volcanic activity? a.
Extrusive igneous on Earth’s surface
5.
What is clastic sedimentary rock? a.
Rock fragments are cemented together by a mineral
6.
Which types of rock can become metamorphic rock? a.
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
7.
In the rock cycle, how do metamorphic rocks become igneous and igneous rocks become metamorphic? a.
Melting and cooling
8.
How are rocks classified? a.
By their mineral composition
9.
What do we call rocks that have been changed by heat and pressure? a.
metamorphic
10.
Which feature on the ocean floor provides evidence for the idea of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics? a.
Mid-ocean ridge
11.
What was the evidence that Wegener believed the continents have drifted? a.
Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest that the continents were once a single landmass.
12.
Why do Earth’s tectonic plates move? a.
Convection currents in the mantle
13.
At which type of plate boundary does sea-floor spreading happen? a.
divergent
14.
How does the thickness and density of oceanic crust compare to continental crust? a.
Oceanic crust is thinner and more dense than continental crust
15.
What type of plate boundary action forms folded mountains? a.
Continental-continental collision at convergent boundaries
16.
What is the most powerful process that shapes the surface of Earth? a.
The flow of water
17.
What happens when a volcanic eruption fills the atmosphere with ash? a.
The average global temperature will decrease
18.
Which part of soil is made of organic material? a.
humus
19.
What is a large underground pool of molten rock commonly found inside of a volcano? a.
Magma chamber
20.
How does the amount of wind, rain and temperature variation impact weathering? a.
an area with high winds, significant rain, hot summers, and freezing winters will have the most weathering

21.
What causes evaporation? a.
The sun’s energy
22.
How does the viscosity of magma determine how explosive a volcanic eruption will be? a.
High viscosity lava is thicker and will erupt with more force.
23.
Which type of mechanical weathering is created when water freezes and expands in a pore or crack in a rock? a.
Ice wedging
24.
What is loam? a.
A fertile soil of sand, silt, clay, and humus.
25.
What are streams that flow into larger rivers called? a.
tributaries
26.
How is sand formed? a.
Waves erode rocks and create sand
27.
Pressure always moves from ___high______ to _____low____.
28.
What are 3 reasons the atmosphere is so important to life on Earth? a.
Protects us from sun’s radiation b.
Keeps surface warm enough for liquid water c.
Gives us oxygen
29.
As you go higher in elevation what happens to temperature and pressure? a.
Both decrease
30.
How are the layers of the atmosphere classified? a.
By temperature
31.
How are the layers of the atmosphere classified?
32.
What causes wind? a.
Unequal heating of Earth’s surface creating differences in pressure
33.
What’s the difference between a land breeze and a sea breeze? a.
Sea breeze blows from the sea; land breeze blows from land
34.
Which states of matter are fluids? a.
Liquid and gas
35.
Why does water heat and cool slower than sand? a.
It has a higher specific heat
36.
What’s the difference between 28 degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit? a.
28 C = hot, 28 F = cold
37.
Why can we see the moon? a.
It reflects the sun’s light
38.
What does an H-R diagram show about stars? a.
Brightness and temperature
39.
Place the following events in order from earliest to latest? DBAC a.
Formation of the sun. B. Formation of the Milky Way. C. Formation of Earth. D. Big Bang.

40.
Fill in the chart:
Distance
Mars from Sun
Type of Surface Surface
Temperature (
°
C)
-55
°
C
Atmosphere
Venus rocky rocky 464
°
C
Very thin,
carbon dioxide
Very thick,
carbon dioxide
Mercury
Earth rocky rocky
Widely varies from
-123 ° C to 427 ° C
Average of 15 ° C
None to speak of
Nitrogen and oxygen at 1 atmosphere
41.
What’s the difference between a meteor, meteoroid, and meteorite? a.
In space – meteoroid b.
In Earth’s atmosphere – meteor c.
On Earth - meteorite
42.
What’s the difference between comets and asteroids? a.
Comets – dirty snowballs of gas and dust that move in elliptical orbits b.
Asteroids – rocky, metallic body orbiting the sun
43.
Label the phases of the moon and spring and neap tides?
Neap tide
Water
Present as ice
Some
vapor in atmosphere none
Present in all three states
Spring tide
Spring tide
Neap tide
44.
When would you expect to see the greatest tidal range? a.
Full or new moon at spring tide
45.
If you are facing south as the sun is rising, on which side of your body is it shining?