Emery APES: Chapter 20 Exam Version B
13
February 2014
Happy Valentine’s Day!
Multiple Choice: Select the one best answer for all multiple-choice questions and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Contaminated groundwater cannot cleanse itself effectively for all of the following reasons, except
a.
Groundwater does not move at all.
b.
Contaminants are not dispersed/diluted effectively.
c.
Lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen exist for decomposition.
d.
Usually cold temperatures slow down reactions.
e.
Contaminants are largely inaccessible for people to facilitate cleanup.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. The only effective way to protect groundwater is to
prevent contamination
use monitoring wells
cover all wells carefully
treat all water from underground sources
use advanced sewage treatment
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3. Which of the following is not a means of purifying water for drinking?
protecting watersheds from pollution
exposing water in a clear plastic bottle to intense UV light
LifeStraws
purification of sewer water to drinkable quality
centrifugation
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4. What percentage of expensive bottled water is actually bottled tap water?
5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5. Agricultural and sewage runoffs cause harmful algal blooms, with the algal blooms causing all of the following
except
loss of biodiversity from food webs
poison seafood like shellfish (red tide)
decrease agricultural yields on land
create oxygen-depleted zones
reduce tourism by decreasing quality and safety of beaches
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6. The world’s third-largest dead zone is found in the Gulf of Mexico and is caused by agricultural runoff carried
by
the Cuyahoga river
the Amazon river
the Mississippi river
the Colorado river
the Rio Grande river
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7. The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from
blowouts (rupture of a borehole of an oil rig in the ocean)
tanker accidents like Exxon Valdez
environmental terrorism
runoff from land (people spilling motor oil and gas)
normal operation of offshore wells
a.
b.
c.
8. The most common problem encountered by seabirds coated with oil is
immediate death
vulnerability to predators
loss of buoyancy and insulation, causing deaths from exposure
d.
e.
poisoning by taking in the oil internally
starvation
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9. The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez was
Alaska
Gulf
Exxon
Sunoco
Texaco
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10. The Clean Water Act could be strengthened by all of the following strategies, except
prevention and control of toxic water pollution
more funding for integrated airshed and watershed planning
allowing citizens to bring lawsuits to ensure that water pollution laws are enforced
establishing national effluent standards
requiring states to do a better job of monitoring and enforcing water pollution laws
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11. The 1972 Clean Water Act has what purpose?
Ensure that all sewer/wastewater must be treated before going back into a body of water
Establish acceptable levels of pollutants in drinking water
Create quality standards for purification of drinking water
Protect watersheds from pollution rather than use expensive treatment procedures
Make clean drinking water universally accessible to the American population
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12. Individuals matter in terms of what can be done to help reduce water pollution. All of the following are things
we can do to help, except
Fertilize gardens and lawns with manure or compost instead of fertilizers.
Minimize use of pesticides.
Prevent yard wastes from entering storm drains
Reduce or stop using phosphate-containing detergents.
Only buy commercially produced foods.
13. Lake Washington was degraded by the growth of which of the following?
a. coliform bacteria
b. protozoans
c. snails
d. plants
e. cyanobacteria
14. The degradation of Lake Washington resulted from the introduction by sewage treatment plants of which of the
following?
a. phosphorus
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. chlorine
e. fecal material
15. The data collected by UW researchers studying Lake Washington got no response from treatment plant
managers initially. Which of the following actions by the researchers actually resulted in a solution?
a. They gave up
b. went to the Washington State legislature for help
c. went to the EPA for help
d. educated the public
e. wrote more scientific articles
16. All of the following organisms are potential agents of infectious waterborne diseases except
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
bacteria
protozoa
algae
parasitic worms
viruses
17. The presence and quantity of coliform bacteria in a sample of water indicates the overall quality because
a. Coliform bacteria are found in fecal matter
b. Coliform bacteria are photosynthetic
c. Red tides are caused by coliform bacteria
d. Coliform bacteria thrive on plant nutrients
e. Water quality is improved by coliform bacteria because they degrade pollutants
18. A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by
a. viruses and parasitic worms
b. organic wastes
c. sediments and suspended matter
d. organic compounds such as oil, plastics, solvents, and detergents
e. inorganic wastes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?
leaks from offshore oil rigs
livestock feedlots
urban runoff
cropland runoff
pollutants spilled in parking lots
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20. Oxygen sag curves occur when
water levels are high
bacteria decompose biodegradable wastes
any type of pollution occurs
when water is cold
salt and fresh water mix
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21. In most developed countries, large fish kills and contamination of drinking water may be caused by all of the
following except
malfunctioning or overflow from sewage treatment plants
accidental release of toxic industrial chemicals
deliberate release of toxic industrial chemicals
accidental release of predatory exotic (invasive) species
pesticides and plant nutrients from agricultural sources
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22. Which of the following statements about lakes is true?
Stratified layers of lakes are characterized by vertical mixing.
Stratification increases levels of dissolved oxygen, especially in the bottom layer.
Lakes are more vulnerable than streams to contamination by plant nutrients, and toxic substances
Lakes have more flushing than streams.
Changing of water in lakes takes days to weeks.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called
oligotrophy
spring/fall overturn
upwellings
red tides
eutrophication
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24. In cultural eutrophication, fish ultimately die from
acid deposition
decreased primary productivity caused by blocked sunlight
heavy metal poisoning
increased sediment which degrades their habitats
loss of space
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25. Which of the following is not a preventative method of reducing cultural eutrophication?
banning the use of phosphate detergents
stopping/reducing the runoff of fertilizer from agricultural fields
advanced waste treatment
harvesting excess weeds and using algaecides
soil conservation, erosion prevention, and land-use controls
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26. Which of the following is a lesson we can learn from the story of Lake Washington?
citizen action combined with scientific research works can successfully make policy changes
reversing severe water pollution takes a long time
dumping wastewater treatment plants in the ocean is always better than dumping in lakes
scientific research seldom gives the right answers
diluting wastewater with storm water runoff is a good idea