NAME__________________________________________DATE_______________
Chapter 14 Key Concepts
AP BIG IDEA 3A2, 3A3, 3A4
Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14 Guided Reading Notes
Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance
1. Important vocabulary terms(define as needed): character, trait, true breeding, hybridization, P, F1 and F2
generations, alleles, dominant allele, recessive allele, law of segregation, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype,
genotype, the law of independent assortment
2. Summarize Mendel’s work with pea plants (include why he may have chosen peas and the advantages of using
peas).
3. Explain how the following terms relate to each other: true breeding, hybridization, P generation, F1 and F2
generations.
4. Complete the chart below for each part of Mendel’s Model
Mendel’s
Description of the concept
Example of how Mendel
Model
for each part of the model
figured it out using pea plants
1
2
3
4
5. Explain the law of independent assortment and how Mendel’s research supports the law.
Concept 14.2: The laws of probability govern Mendelian inheritance
6. Crossing two completely heterozygous parents for flower color, seed color and pod shape, calculate the
probability of having an offspring also completely heterozygous for all three traits.
Concept 14.3: Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics
7. Compare the following degrees of dominance
Type of Dominance
Definition
Example
Complete Dominance
Incomplete
Dominance
Co-dominance
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Summarize how Tay-Sachs disease shows the relationship between dominance and phenotype.
Explain why dominant traits may not have a high frequency.
What is meant by multiple alleles (use blood type as your example)?
Explain how polygenic inheritance works, as seen in skin color variation.
Explain how environment can impact phenotypes compared to phenotypes with absolute results.
Concept 14.4: Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance
13. What is a pedigree and what is it used for?
14. Complete the table below for inherited disorders.
Disease
Dominant or Frequency Description of disorder
Recessive
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle Cell
Huntington’s
Genetics Problems – Must complete (show your work and then check the back for confirmation):
1.
11.
2.
12.
3.
13.
4.
14.
5.
15.
6.
16.
7.
17.
8.
18.
9.
19.
10.
Interesting facts,
symptoms, etc.