Brenda Pendarvis
Annotated Bibliography
Maritime Discoveries of Ancient Euro-Mediterranean
1. Pomey, Patrice, 1943- “Transition From Shell To Skeleton In Ancient Mediterranean
Ship-Construction: Analysis, Problems, and Future Research.” International Journal Of
Nautical Archaeology 41.2 (2012): 235-314. Anthropology Plus. Web. 3 Feb 2014.
I chose this piece for my first source due to the locations that it covers, the ancient Mediterranean
and their ship construction. The future research is applicable in so many ways from these
arguments. Understanding the ship construction of those times are seen in the remains that have
been processed through many steps. The research here uncovers many problems in this as well as
solutions and ways to analyze the information. All of those processes are what makes underwater
archaeology fascinating and key to developing the history of a culture. Imagining Underwater for
Archaeology.” Journal of Field Archaeology,
2. Singh, Hanumant, Jonathan Adams, David Mindell and Brendan Foley. “Imagining
Underwater for Archaeology.” Journal of Field Archaeology, 27.3 (2000): 319-328
There are a variety of techniques and special scientific materials that help to make maritime
archaeology significant. Field archaeology is what keeps theory alive and it fuels it and helps to
give it what it has today. This research touches base for imaging systems that are important for
building a background and database for this field.
3. David Gibbins and Jonathan Adams. “World Archaeology” Vol. 32, No. 3, Shipwrecks
(2001): 279-291
Shipwrecks are something that are so interesting for the field of archaeology due to how
untouchable they feel and seem. There are those however that feel that thought is what makes
them so intriguing. I feel that way as well and it seems that this paper is one that addresses it the
best. World archaeology is a perfect title, the waters of earth cover so much and so much of our
past is buried under them. It is with special technologies and vessels that make it possible.
4. Quinn, P.S. “Scientific Methods in Underwater Archaeology.” Marine
Micropaleontology, 30.4 (1997):346-350
This journal covers such interesting concepts. The study of micro bones is quite a science. I find
that this specific piece in the journal helps to see the ways that scientific methods are so key to
doing the very best work in the field. If you treat the digs just like a terrestrial dig then you could
possibly confuse many things around. It goes through the ways that make science so important
for this field.
5. Krieger, William and Bridget Buxton, “UNESCO, URI and Archaeology In The Deep
Blue Sea: Archaeological Ethics and Archaeological Oceanography.” Journal of
Maritime Archaeology 7.2 (2012): 271-284.
Trying to uncover the background of this field is a key to my developing arguments. This piece
does a great deal for my understanding of the ways that Oceanography plays a huge role in how
archaeology is used in maritime archaeology. By hearing their arguments for ethics over the
issue I have been learning about the ways in which ethics helps to strengthen the concept.
6. Cyprian Broodbank, “The Origins and Early Development of Mediterranean Maritime
Activity” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 19.1 (2006): 199-230.
This work is key to my illustrating the development and early definitions of the first activity in
the Mediterranean waters. Those waters are so crucial in the trades between the rising empires in
North African and the strong forces in Southern Europe. This work contrasts the clear transitions
in the Upper Paleolithic trade and the break through that lead to many shifts. I will use this work
to illustrate the changing developments among these worlds and in the ways in which the
seafaring expansion changed these cultures.
7. David Gibbins and Jonathan Adams, “Shipwrecks and Maritime Archaeology” World
Archaeology, Vol. 32, Issue 3 (2001): 279-291
This piece helps to understand the different methodologies surrounding maritime shipwreck
archaeology. It also goes into the different research strategies that help to better learn things from
wrecks rather than any other find. I have also used this information to demonstrate both these
common features and the wide variety of archaeological and historical contexts. The wreck data
can be placed in certain contexts and can be applied in a variety of ways. Wreck data can serve
many purposes in archaeology and contributes to understanding why certain artifacts can appear
in places that they do not truly belong.
8. Paul Rainbird “The Archaeology of Islands” Cambridge University Press (2007).
This paper covers the details of famous islands and the artifacts that surround their history. These
details cover why archaeological finds are so important to uncovering the history of our worlds.
Covering how it is that islands are created geographically and what then happens to the
surrounding areas. It covers the different islands around the world, this is important because of
the different events that happen all around the world. Being able to see the worlds many cultures
around the world in the view of their islands.
9. G. Henderson, Maritime archaeology in Australia. Australian Journal of Historical
Archaeology Vol. 5 (1987), pg 75.
This article piece helps to understand the history of underwater cultural resources. This source
goes over the last few decades of maritime archaeology. As I will explain the background and
development of the field of study this source is key to the area and the many hands they have in
play around the world. It addresses the concepts of the method and theory of shipwreck
archaeology.
10. Peter Ridgway, Indian Ocean Maritime History Atlas, The Great Circle Vol. 27 (2005)
pg 34-51.
This research covers the structure and content of all the historical atlas’ of the maritime history
of the Indian Ocean. Understanding the role that maritime endeavors have played in the history
of the world. The themes that are covered in most works are about warfare and trade as well.
Knowing the details of those topics are what help to build the history of cultures around the
ancient world. What even more so are the histories that make those cultures what they are today.
11. Dan Jones, Diving to the Depths of Human History, New Scientist Vol. 204 (2009) pg 4649.
This article covers concepts that have been developing in the field of underwater archaeology.
There are specific projects arising that analyze the processes happening all over the world called
sinking coasts. This project helps to cover informations associated with seafaring and the early
sea cultures that arise. By studying their middens and trash remains we can follow the flow of
those shell artifacts across coasts all over the area and have a better understanding of that culture
and their trade routes and connections.
12. C. Gaffney, Detecting trends in the prediction of the buried past: A review of geophysical
techniques in archaeology. Archaeometry Vol. 50 Issue 2, (2008) pages 313-336.
This piece is one that helps to show the many varieties of techniques and collaborations of fields
of study that go together to make up a successful underwater archaeology dig. This process is
one that is a major tool in this field. It covers the many fusions and collaborations among
sciences. Those of which are seen in geophysical surveys that used in new technologies like GPS
for navigation and other major components.
13. Rick Torben and Scott Fitzpatrick, “Archaeology and Coastal Conservation” Journal of
Coastal Conservation, Vol. 16, No. 2, (2012) pg 135-136
This research is one that really helps to paint the big picture, of the ways in which protecting our
coast is key to understanding the history of those who it belongs to. This research is key to
seeing the ways that there are many sects of science that helps to build the whole story. Research
like this not only adds to our knowledge but adds to the respect building for our field and for our
coasts.
14. Alex Bastos and Cleverson Silva, Coastal Morphodynamic and Geomorphological
Compartments along the Northeast Littoral of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Journal of
Coastal Research Special Issue No. 35. (2003) pg 309-317.
The study done on this coastline is a very in-depth research process. This source is one that I
used not only as inspiration but as well as a basis of key term definitions. Pro-grading coasts
associated with a low gradient shelf is seen to be related to low mobility shoreline and
intermediate prophodyamic beach states. This information is used to profile other beaches and to
better understand the surrounding area and what has caused this shift in gradiency.
15. E. Wegner, FC Tonioli and DQ Cabral, Underwater Trails: a New Possibility of Marine
Tourism, Journal of Coastal Research, No. 39, Vol II (2006) pg 999-993.
This piece from the journal is one that covers similar concepts from the previous research but in
a different setting. The research uses this as a way to understand trails in a sense for the travel
sources. They do this trail finding through archaeological artifacts that follow certain patterns
and trade markets.
16. Lauren Hilgers, “Pirates of the Marine Silk Road” Archaeology Vol. 64, No. 5 (2011)
This article is a fun read and is full of descriptions of how it is that archaeologists are working
well with a variety of other fields all at once. It talks about the bustling vessel with several
different men running around doing things to make what is happening under the boat go
smoothly. They have a team of divers working of radioing details of the Ming Dynasty pirate
ship. There are many wrecks in the this place, and they all tell a story. The South China sea was
and is a main highway for trade and when we uncover these vessels we can slowly paint a clear
picture of what their world was like in 960 AD.
17. Mass Vello, “Under the Baltic” Archaeology Archives (2008)
This article goes over an interview with maritime archaeologist Vello Mass of the Estonian
Maritime Museum and his research on the wreck of The Mermaid. His history as a maritime
archaeologist is fascinating and can be applied to this research paper in a way of painting the
broad picture. From navigator to solider he has played many roles in the sea and his many
expeditions have been painting a picture for museums of the history of vessels on the Baltic
18. Jane C. Waldbaum, “From the President: Call of the Sea” Archaeology Vol 58 No 2
(2005)
Every year the Archaeological Institute of America selects a theme to which it focuses its publicawareness efforts. In 2005 they focused on the subject of underwater maritime archaeology.
They therefore presented an award to Lionel Casson, who has done many works and research on
the subject. I hope to use this article to show the link between education and the institute that is
more public. If the AIA’s can see the significance of this work then that means there is more
work to be placed in museums and for children to see and to get a more interesting picture of
how the worlds connected.
19. Lionel Casson, “The Ancient Mariners: Seafarers and Sea fighters of the Mediterranean
in Ancient Times” Princeton University Press Vol 42 No. 2 (1992)
This author has been very active in the field of maritime archaeology for a variety of purposes
and theories on the topic. His work is well-known for the field and he has one many awards. I
will be using this particular work to find details of how the digs have been applied in museums
and in the history of the area.
20. Lionel Casson, “Errata: Maritime Trade in Antiquity” Archaeological Institute of
America Vol 34 No 6 (1981)
This work covers the detailed history of the area for ancient peoples. It is a research that has used
maritime digs as well as partnering with written records of the time to build a history and trade
routes. I love this work for my paper due to how it applies the archaeological finds for the
understanding of how items got where they were found. Tracking the types of pottery vessels and
metal remains of items are just two parts. Looking at the kinds of wood and the basic structure of
the vessel itself is also a key component to seeing where those people started and stopped along
their trade route.
21. Mary Beth Griggs, “10 Undersea Tales” Discover Vol. 33 Issue 5 Pg. 42-46 (2012)
This research is from the works of George Bass off the coast of Turkey which led to the
discovery that the vessel carried goods from the East of Greece but not returned to them. The
research discussed is seen in writing from 1932 and other places as well. He covers the ship
building and repairing process and how those things can be traced back to different coast lines.
That type of information is key to painting a history for those peoples and to better understand
that time.
22. Lauren Hilgers “All Hands on Deck” Archaeology Vol. 67 Issue 2 pgs 35-41 (2014)
Recent research has been done in the Gulf of Mexico, a 19th-century shipwreck was found. This
discovery was seen using telepresence, a technology similar to videoconferencing, archaeologist
were able to stream video of the wreckage live on the internet. It is an interesting way to invite
the world to see and discover the shipwreck. This is an idea that is made possible by new
technology and is key to the changing dynamics in museums.
23. Laurie Kavenaugh, “’Into the Blue’-Anthropology museum opens exhibit on shipwrecks,
maritime collection” ChicoER January 16th 2014
This article covers the ways in which that the newest exhibit at Chico State University’s Museum
has been adding facts to the history of trade during the late 1800’s. The Baltimore Clipper the
Frolic went down of the coast of Mendocino in July 1850. A collection of the finds are located in
the Valene L. Smith Museum of Anthropology on CSU Chico’s campus. Thomas Layton spent
years researching how ceramics and glass came to be found at the abandoned Pomo Indian
villages. Those villagers had taken items found on the beach for their own use. The ship had
been forgotten for decades. The graduate students there helped to organize a documentary which
plays for visitors in the museum. Museums exhibits like this use so many sources and outlets to
gather as much information on the ship’s history as possible. This is key to understanding why
the ship was there and to understand where it came from.
24. Heather Pringle, “Diving into History: Phoenician Wreck” Archaeology Vol. 62 No. 4
(2009)
This shipwreck discovery off of the coastal city of Cartagena in Southeast Spain is a very
significant find. This vessel was dubbed “the princess of the sea” in the Book of Ezekiel, the
peoples who sailed it from the port of modern day Lebanon are called the Phoenicians. This find
helps historians to trace more details of this ancient people, helping their descendants to see them
in more practical ways. In ways such as knowing their diets and more about their daily lives for
these sailors.
25. Samir S. Patel, “Diving into History: Submerged DNA” Archaeology Vol 62 No 4
(2009)
This find has changed what we knew about DNA and marine environments. The shipwreck off
of the Greek island Chios had two amphorae recovered from it. The archaeologist Brendan Foley
of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was working with geneticist Maria Hansson of
Sweden to do research on the artifact. Hasson found genetic traces of olive and oregano in one of
the amphora and tree resin in the other. This leads to direct evidence of the original contents. The
information this reveals tell us how key collaboration is for maritime archeology.
26. Heather Pringle, “Diving into History: Khan’s Lost Fleet” Archaeology Vol 62 No 4
(2009)
This site holds remains of 400 prized vessels from 1287 AD during the war between China and
Vietnam. China’s great Mongol emperor Khan had sent these vessels to the Bach Dang River
and there they were set on fire. They have been able to used written records of the time to
confirm the facts they were gathering on from the vessels. This find is interesting because they
can now look at the flow of the river and see that the vessels became trapped as the water ebbed,
barricading the river and preventing the escape.
27. Todd J. Braje, Jon M Erlandson. “Early maritime technology from western San Miguel
Island, California” Current research in the Pleistocene Vol. 25 (2008) pgs 61-63.
I chose this source for a variety of reasons, first being that Todd Braje was the professor for my
very first Archaeology course here at HSU and his interest and knowledge over maritime
archaeology allowed me to stay interested in the subject up to today. He and others have been
dedicating their research to understanding the history of the Channel Islands. Their discoveries
help to outline a history of that area. It also helps to understand past weather and resource
conditions.
28. Peter V. Lape, Sue o’Conner and Nick Burningham. “Rock art” a potential source o
information about past maritime technologies in the south east Asia-pacific region” Int.
Journal of Nautical Archaeology. Vol 36 Issue 2 pages 238-253
This source helps to see how rock art found in this area is how telling us more about the ways in
which those peoples were navigating and constructing vessels. It introduces a new source of
information on ancient boat and rig designs. Rock-art depictions of watercrafts are creating a
whole story line of the ear and helping us see where it all began. The levels of change can start
here and later in other written records it takes us to what we see in other pottery depictions.
29. Eti Bonn-Muller, “First Minoan Shipwreck” Archaeology Vol. 63 No 1 (2010)
Minoans were renowned for their seafaring prowess, this is what makes them a powerful
kingdom in these times. The woman who helped to discover this wreck dedicated many years of
research and with her passion for the area she found it. The pottery expects played a major role
in categorizing this find. Using a variety of experts has made it what it is. This find is one that
has helped other Minoan historians to better understand pottery categorization and applications.
30. Rune Edberg, “Subterranean Maritime Archaeology in Sigtuna, Sweden: excavated
evidence of Viking Age boat building and repair. Int. Journal of Nautical Archaeology
Vol. 42 Issue 1 pages 196-204 (2013)
This find is one that helps to understand the history of construction capabilities of this Age of
Vikings in particular. A good source for better understanding the ways in which shipwreck
discoveries can be applied to other areas of research. Knowing the boat types that are being used
in this period and region is key to research. For the region of Sigtuna this helps to know what the
shipping conditions were like for the time. With the lack of written record in this particular era of
the 10th century having a vessel to research can help with the building the history of the time.