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Ch 3 Workbook.
Words to know about compounds: Vocabulary
Atom
Electrons
Ionic compounds
Chemical bonds
Element
Ionic lattice
Compound
Gain
Lose
Covalent compounds
Molecule
Use with textbook pages 76 to 80.
Negatively
Protons
Neutrons
Ion
Polyatomic ion
Positively
Use the terms and vocabulary box fill in the blanks. Each term may be used more than once. You will
not need to use every term.
1. A pure substance is that is made up of one type of atom is called
an element
.
2. A pure substance that is made up of two or more types of atoms that are joined together due to a chemical
change is called
compound
.
3. Atoms in a molecule and ions in an ionic lattice are held together by
Chemical bonds
.
4. Chemical bonds formed when atoms gain or lose
electrons
or when they share electrons.
5. When atom loses electrons it becomes positively
charged. When an atom gains electrons it becomes
negatively
charged.
6. Metals and nonmetals may form
ionic compounds
.
7. The atoms in nonmetals tend to gain
electrons.
8. A(n)
ionic lattice
is a repeating pattern of positive and negative ions.
9.
covalent compounds
form when nonmetal atoms bond together by sharing their electrons.
10. A neutral particle that is made up of atoms that are joined together by covalent bonds is called a(n)
covalent compound
11. A(n)
Polyatomic ion (complex ion) is an ion that is made up of two or more atoms that are held
together with covalent bonds.
True or false?
Use with textbook pages 76 to 80.
Read the statements given below. If the statement is true, write "T" on the line in front of the
statement. If it is false, right "F" and rewrite the statement to make it true.
T/F
Statement
1. F
An element is a pure substance made of more than one kind of compound.
Correct statement:
An element is a pure substance made up of only ONE type of atom.
2. T
Compounds form with chemical bonds between different kinds of atoms.
Correct statement:
3. F
In covalent compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form molecules.
Correct statement: (covalent compounds SHARE their electrons to form molecules.)
In ionic compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form molecules.
4. T
Water is a molecule formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.
Correct statement:
5. T
Covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic compounds involve the transfer
of electrons.
Correct statement:
6.
Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain protons.
Correct statement:
Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
7. T
An ionic lattice is a repeating pattern of positive and negative ions.
Correct statement:
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8. F
A polyatomic ion is electrically neutral.
Correct statement:
A polyatomic ion is electrically charged. (positive or negative)
9. T
Atoms are held together by covalent bonds in polyatomic ions.
Correct statement:
Comparing ionic and covalent compounds.
Use the textbook pages 76 to 78.
Use the chart to help you compare ionic compounds and covalent compounds. On the left side, place
the letters of the statements that are only true of ionic compounds. On the right side, place the letters
of the statements that are only true of the covalent compounds. In the middle, place the letters of the
statements that are true of both compounds.
A. Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions
B. Pure substance made up of two or more kinds of
elements
C. Compound is made up of a positive ion and a
negative ion
D. Atoms join by sharing electrons
G. Oppositely charged ions attract each other
H. Molecule made of uncharged atoms
I. Bond between atoms is due to electron transfer
J. Compound is made of a nonmetal and a
nonmetal
K. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example
L. Water ( H2O) is an example
E. Atoms are joined to each other by chemical bonds
F. Exist as a solid in the form of an ionic lattice
Ionic compound
Both
Covalent Compound
A
C
F
G
I
K
B
E
D
H
J
L
Compounds.
use the textbook pages 76 to 80
Match each term on the left with the best descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used only
once.
Term
Descriptor
1. __A___ element
a. pure substance made of one type of atom
2. __C___ ionic lattice
b. atoms combine by gaining or losing electrons
3. ___F__ polyatomic ion
c. repeating pattern of positive and negative ions
4. __B___ ionic compound
d. atoms combine by sharing electrons to form molecules
5. _D, E_ covalent compounds e. neutral particle that is made up of atoms that are joined together by
covalent bonds
f. ion made up of two or more atoms that are held together with covalent
bonds
Circle the letter of the best answer.
6. Atoms and nonmetals tend to gain
A. Molecules
B. Ions C. atoms.
D. Electrons
7. Which of the following can be formed when there is electron transfer between metals and nonmetals?
A. Molecule
B. Element
C. Ionic bond
D. Covalent bond
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8. Which of the following is formed due to the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals?
I. A molecule II. A covalent bond III. A covalent compound
A. I and II only. B. I and III only.
C. II and III only.
D. I and II and III
9. Water is a(n)
A. Element. B. Polyatomic ion
C. Ionic compound
10. Sodium chloride is a(n)
A. Element. B. Polyatomic ion
C. Ionic compound
D. Covalent compound
D. Covalent compound
11. Which of the following can be formed when a nonmetal atom reacts with a nonmetal atom?
A. Element. B. Polyatomic ion
C. Ionic compound
D. Covalent compound
(there were two answers for this one!)
Writing names and formulas of ionic compounds.
Use the textbook pages 84 to 92.
You can use the periodic table on page 54 to help you answer these questions.
1. Complete the following table. First, identify each ion and it's charge. Then, give the formula and name for
each ionic compound formed. The table has been partially completed to help guide you.
Chloride
Fluoride
Oxygen
___F-1___
__O-2____
__Cl-___
Sodium
NaCl
NaF
Na2O
__Na+___
Sodium chloride
Sodium fluoride
Sodium oxide
Magnesium
MgCl2
MgF2
MgO
___Mg+2____
Magnesium chloride
Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium oxide
Calcium
CaCl2
CaF2
CaO
__Ca+2____
Calcium chloride
Calcium fluoride
Calcium oxide
2. Write the names of the following compounds.
a. KCl
b. LiBr
c. BaF2
d. Ag3P
Potassium chloride
Lithium bromide
Barium fluoride
Silver phosphide
e. ZnS
f. SrO
g. AlCl3
h. Mg2C
Zinc sulphide
Strontium oxide
Aluminum chloride
Magnesium carbide
3. Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds.
Chemical Name
Chemical Formula Chemical Name
Chemical Formula
A. Beryllium sulfide
B. Silver oxide
C. Sodium bromide
D. Zinc chloride
BeS
Ag2O
NaBr
ZnCl2
CaS
Li3N
RbCl
GeBr4
E. Calcium sulfide
F. Lithium nitride
G. Rubidium chloride
H. Germanium bromide
Compounds with a Multivalent Metal
Use with textbook pages 84-92.
You can use the periodic table on page 54 to help you answer these questions.
1. Write the formulas for the compounds formed from the following ions. Then name the
compounds.
Ions
Formula
Compound Name
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a. Mn3+ O2b. Pb3+ Br-1
c. Pt+2 Cl-d. Au+3 S-2
e. Pb4+ O-2
f. Sb+3 S-2
g. Fe2+ S2h. Co+3 O2-
Mn2O3
PbBr3
PtCl2
Au2S3
PbO2
Sb2S3
FeS
Co2O3
Manganese (III) oxide
Lead (III) bromide
Platinum (II) chloride
Gold (III) sulphide
Lead (IV) oxide
Antimony (III) sulphide
Lead (II) sulphide
Cobalt (III) oxide
2. Write the names of the following ionic compounds using Roman Numerals.
a. FeF3
b. CuCl2
c. SnO2
d. PtS2
Iron (III) fluoride
Copper (II) chloride
Tin (IV) oxide
Platinum (IV) sulphide
e. CoBr2
f. Au2O
g. CrP
h. PbI2
Cobalt (II) bromide
Gold (I) oxide
Chromium (III) phosphide
Lead (II) iodide
3. Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds.
a. iron (III) chloride
FeCl3
e. gold (I) oxide
b. copper (1) oxide
Cu2O
f. chromium (II) fluoride
c. tin (IV) sulphide
SnS2
g. manganese (II) iodide
d. bismuth (V) chloride BiCl5
h. iron (III) selenide
Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
Au2O
CrF2
MnI2
Fe2Se3
Use with textbook pages 84-92.
You can use the periodic table on page 54 to help you answer these questions.
1. Write the names of the following ionic compounds.
a. AgNO3
b. BaSO4
c. NH4Cl
d. Ca3(PO4)2
Silver nitrate
Barium sulphate
Ammonium chloride
Calcium phosphate
e. Ni(OH)2
f. CuCO3
g. Sr(NO3)2
h. Cr2(SO4)3
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Copper (II) carbonate
Strontium nitrate
Chromium (III) sulphate
2. Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds.
a. calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)
e. potassium dichromate
K
b. ammonium chloride
NH4Cl
f. tin (II) hydroxide
Sn(OH)2
c. sodium nitrite
NaNO2
g. ammonium phosphate
(NH4)3PO4
d. lithium hydrogen carbonate
LiHCO3
h. iron (III) nitrate
Fe(NO3)3
3. Write the formulas and names of the compounds with the following combination of ions. The table has
been partially completed to help guide you.
Positive
Ion
a. Ca+2
b. K+
Negative
Ion
CO32SO32--
Formula
CaCO3
K2SO3
Compound Name
Calcium carbonate
Potassium sulphate
5
+1
c. Na
d. Mg2+
e. Cs+
f. NH4+
g. Ca+2
h. Fe3+
ClO3
-1
OHPO4-3
CN-1
HSO4-
NaClO3
CsOH
(NH4)3PO4
Ca(CN)2
Fe(HSO4)3
Sodium chlorate
Magnesium perchlorate
Cesium hydroxide
Ammonium phosphate
Calcium cyanide
Iron (III) hydrogen sulphate (or bisulphate)
Names and formulas of Ionic Compounds
Use with textbook pages 84-92.
Match each Compound Name on the left with the correct
Chemical Formula on the right. Each Chemical Formula may
be used only once.
Compound Name
Chemical Name
1. ___A___ Aluminum Sulphide a. Al2S3
2. ___D___ Aluminum Sulphate b. AlSO4
3. ___G___ Ammonium sulphite c. Al2 (SO3)3
d. Al2 (SO4)3
e. NH4SO3
f. NH4SO4
g. (NH4)2SO3
h. (NH4)2SO4
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. How many chlorine atoms are in the compound calcium chlorate, Ca(ClO3)2?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6.
2. What is the ending of an ionic compound consisting of 2 elements (a metal and a non-metal)?
a. Ate
b. ide
c. ine
d. ite
3. In a chemical formula, what part shows the relative numbers of ions in the compound?
a. The coefficient in front of the element symbol
b. The subscript to the right of the element symbol
c. The superscript to the right of the element symbol
d. The positive or negative number to the right of the element symbol
Use the diagram to the right to answer the question #7.
4. What do iron and manganese have in common?
I.
they are multivalent metals
II. they have more than one ion charge
III. their most common ion charge is 2+
a. I and II only
b. I and III only
c. II and III only
d. I, II, and III
5. In the name “cobalt (II) phosphate,” what does the Roman Numeral reveal about cobalt?
a. It has gained two electrons
b. it has an ion charge of 2+
b. It has an ion charge of 2d. it can form two positive ions
6. What is the name for the compound CaCl2?
a. Calcium chlorate
c. calcium chlorine
b. Calcium chloride
d. calcium (II) chloride
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Evidence of Chemical Change: Vocabulary
Changes of State
Chemical
Endothermic
Gas bubbles
Heat
Light
Product
Reactant
Solid
Use with Textbook pages 96-100
Energy
Exothermic
Liquid
Physical
sound
new
Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Each term may be used more than once. You
will not need to use every term.
1. A(n)
chemical
change produces new substances with new properties. An example of this
would be rust forming on an iron nail.
2. In a(n)
physical
change, the appearances of substances change, but no new
substances are produced. An example of this would be the melting of a chocolate bar.
3. All changes of states
do not produce any new
(for example, boiling, freezing, and melting) are physical changes because they
substances.
4. Dissolving salt in water is an example of a(n) physical
of a(n)
chemical
change.
change. Burning paper is an example
5. When baking soda is added to vinegar, a gas is formed. In this example, baking soda is a (n) reactant
and the gas formed is called the
product
.
6. IN a chemical reaction,
gas bubbles
or a(n)
7. An explosion is an example of a(n)
exothermic
reaction is usually in the form of heat
,
light
8. In a(n)
endothermic
solid
might form in a liquid.
process. The energy released in this type of
, or
sound
.
process, energy is absorbed from the surrounding environment.
Chemical Change and Physical Change
Use with textbook pages 96-100
1. Define the following terms.
a. Chemical change
A change in substances where a new substance is formed.
b. Physical change
A change in a substance where NO new substance is formed.
2. Identify whether the example is a physical change or a chemical change.
Change
Physical or Chemical Change?
Ice cream melting
Physical
Rust forming on a car
Chemical
A tire inflating with air
Physical
Food digesting in the stomach
Chemical
Cutting a piece of paper into two pieces
Physical
Acid on limestone producing carbon dioxide gas
chemical
3. For a slice of bread and a piece of wood, draw an example of each of the following changes.
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a. A slice of bread – physical change
tearing a piece of bread into two pieces.
b. A slice of Bread – chemical Change
eating the bread and chemically digesting it in the
stomach.
c. A piece of wood – physical Change
cutting the wood into pieces
d. a piece of wood – Chemical Change
burning the wood
Endothermic or Exothermic?
Use with textbook pages 96-100.
1. Define the following terms.
a. Exothermic:
A change in matter that releases energy
b. Endothermic:
A change in matter that absorbs energy.
2. What type of process – exothermic or endothermic – is shown in each illustration?
a.
exothermic
b.
endothermic
3. Identify each of the following as exothermic or endothermic by placing a check in the correct box.
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Description
Exothermic
a. Ice melting
b. water boiling
c. water freezing
d. dynamite exploding
e. fireworks lighting up the sky
f. trees burning during a forest fire
g. cold pack used for an injury
h. gasoline burning in an engine
i. match burning after it is rubbed on a rough surface.
Endothermic








Physical
and
Chemical Changes
use with textbook pages 96-100
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used
only once.
Term
Descriptor
1. ____E__ Physical Change
A. heat is given off
2. ___D___ Chemical Change
b. heat is absorbed
3. __A____ exothermic
c. does not involve heat
4. ___B___ endothermic
d. new products are formed
e. appearance of substance changes
Circle the letter of the best answer.
5. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
a. a glacier melting
c. an antacid tablet fizzing after it is placed in water
b. a campfire burning
d. CO2 being produced in the engine of a running car
6. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
a. a lake freezing over
c. sugar dissolving in a cup of tea
b. grinding rocks into gravel
d. a candle burning
7. When an iron nail is left out in the rain, the iron combines with oxygen in the air to form iron (III)
oxide, which is commonly known as rust. What do the iron and oxygen represent?
a. The products
b. the reactants
c. the physical change
d. the chemical change
8. A student adds a white powder to a clear liquid and the mixture begins to bubble. The student notices
that the side of the container feels warm. What is this an example of?
I. A physical Change
III. An exothermic reaction
II. a chemical change
IV. An endothermic reaction
a. I and III only
b. I and IV only
c. II and III only
d. II and IV only
9. Which of the following are evidence that a chemical change has occurred?
I. a colour change
a. I and II only
II. A solid forms
b. I and III only
III. Bubbles of gas form
c. II and III only
d. I, II, and III