POINT PLEASANT BEACH HS
Department of Science
Anatomy & Physiology
Dr. Paul DiPasquale
SKELETAL SYSTEM LAB PRACTICAL
1. SKULL
A. Frontal Bone
a. Supraorbital Foramen - holes
above eyes
b. Coronal Suture - line that
separates frontal from parietal bones.
c. Glabella – between eyebrows, superior to nasal bone
B. Parietal Bones
a. Sagittal Suture - mid sagittal line that divides parietal bones
b. Squamosal Suture-line that divides parietal from temporal bones
C. Temporal Bones
a. Mandibular Fossa - depression where mandible articulates with temporal bone
b. External Auditory Meatus - ear canal
c. Zygomatic Process - posterior portion of zygomatic arch
d. Styloid Process - process on inferior surface of temporal bone
e. Mastoid Process - round knob like process lateral to the syloid process
f. Carotid Canal
g. Jugular Fossa/Foramen
h. Mastoid notch
D.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Occipital Bone
Lambdoidal Suture - separates the occipital and parietal bones
Foramen Magnum - large hole on inferior surface of occipital bone
Occipital Condyles – anterior and lateral to foramen magnum
External occipital protuberance – knob like process at center of occipital bone
E. Nasal Bones - bridge of nose
F. Vomer - inferior portion of nasal septum
G. Ethmoid - 2nd or posterior plate on
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
medial surface of orbital cavity
Perpendicular Plate - superior portion of nasal septum
Cribriform Plate - lateral to crista galli found inside skull
Crista Galli - medial crest on inside skull
Nasal Conchae
Cribiform foramina
H Inferior Nasal Conchae
I. Sphenoid
a. Sella Turcica - medial saddle shaped process, protects the pituitary gland
b. Optical Foramina- superior holes in back of orbit
c. Foramen Ovale
K. Maxillae
a. Palatine Process
b. Medial Palatine Suture
c. Infraorbital Foramen - holes inferior to orbital cavities
d. Intermaxillary suture
L. Palatines - posterior to palatine process
M. Mandible
a. Alveolar Process/alveolus - teeth are held in these processes
b. Body(ramus)
c. Mandibular Condyle - rounded articulation to temporal bone
d. Coronoid Process - anterior to mandibular condyle
f. Mental Foramen - holes in anterior portion of the mandible
g. Mental protuberance
h. Mandibular foramen
i. Mandibular notch
N. Hyoid Bone - where tongue is attached
a. Greater horns
b. Lesser horns
O. Zygomatic Bone - cheek bone - lateral and posterior to orbital cavity
2.
SCAPULA
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
inferior Angle - most inferior angle of scapula
Supraspinous Fossa - depression anterior to spine
Spine
Coracoid Process - small arm
Acromion Process - long arm which extends from the spine
Glenoid Cavity - where humerus articulates with scapula
3.
CLAVICLE - most broken bone in body. Articulates with scapula
a. Sternal end
b. acromial end
4.
STERNUM
a. Manubrium - superior portion of the sternum
b. Body - central portion of sternum
c. Xiphoid Process - inferior portion of sternum
d. Suprasternal notch – notch at superior end of sternum
5.
HUMERUS - upper arm, articulates with the glenoid cavity of scapula
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Head - superior ball like knob
Greater Tubercle - anterior surface largest bump
Deltoid Tuberosity - shaft of bone
Capitulum (lateral) - inferior face ventral bump superior to radius
Trochlea (medial) - inferior surface ventral articulates with the semi-lunar notch of the
ulna
f. Olecranon Fossa - large depression dorsal surface of humerous
g. Medial epicondyle
h. Laterall epicondyle
6.
ULNA - medial forearm bone
a. Olecranon Process - proximal superior bump
b. Semilunar Notch - articulates with inferior surface of humerous (makes elbow joint)
c. Radial Notch- Where Head of Radius attaches to the Ulna. Lateral to the semilunar
notch.
d. Head- Inferior portion of ulna
e. Styloid Process- tooth like process on inferior surface of ulna
7.
RADIUS - lateral bone of forearm
a. Head - superior portion round, rotates
b. Radial Tuberosity - bump on shaft
c. Styloid Process - lateral side, most inferior portion of radius
8.
CARPALS - wrist bones
9.
METACARPALS
10. PHALANGES
11. VERTEBRAE - Cervical 7 (atlas, axis plus 5) Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Spinous Process
Pedicle
Body
Transverse Process
Vertebral Foramen
Articulating Facets
Transverse costal Facets (thoracic spine vertebrae only)
12. RIBS: head, neck and shaft
a. True - 7
b. False - 5
Floating - 2 of 5 false
13. SACRUM
a. Median sacral crest
b. Sacral promontory
c. Sacral canal
d. Sacral foramen
e. Sacral hiatus
f. Sacral ala
14. COCCYX
15. PELVIC GIRDLE
A. Ilium
a. Iliac Crest - upper crest of ilium
b. Iliac fossa –
c. Anterior superior iliac spine
d. Anterior inferior iliac spine
e. Posterior superior iliac spine
f. Posterior inferior iliac spine
g. Greater Sciatic Notch - notch on posterior medial surface, inferior to “a”
B. Pubis - most anterior bone
a. Pubis Symphysis - medial portion of pubic arch
C. Ischium - inferior, posterior portion; bone you sit on
a. Acetabulum - socket for head of femur
b. Obterator foramen
16. FEMUR - longest bone in body
a. Head - ball like part on proximal surface of femur
b. Neck - inferior and lateral to head
c. Greater Trochanter - longest process inferior to neck
d. Lesser Trochanter - inferior to head
e. Linea Aspera - ridge on posterior surface
f. Lateral Condyle - inferior most surface opposite side of femoral head
g. Medial Condyle - inferior most surface (same side as femoral head)
h. Intercondylar fossa i. Lateral epicondyle j. Medial epicondyle k. Fovea capitis
l. Patellar surface
17. PATELLA - knee cap
18. TIBIA - medial bone of lower leg
a. Condyles (lateral/medial) - superior surface of tibia
b. Tibial Tuberosity - process on anterior surface
c. Medial Malleolus - process on inferior medial surface of tibia
d. Tibial plateau - superior surface of tibia (includes lateral & medial condyles)
e. Intercondylar eminence –
f. Anterior crest 19. FIBULA - lateral bone of lower leg
a. Head - next to lateral condyle of tibia
b. Lateral Malleolus - process on most inferior lateral surface of fibula
20. TARSALS - ankle
a. Calcaneous - largest posterior to everything else in foot, heel bone
1. Tuberosity of calcaneous –
b. Talus 21. METATARSALS
22. PHALANGES
ADDITIONALLY, KNOW/IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING:
23. Atlas (C1)
24. Axis (C2)
a. Dens (odontoid process)
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Distinguish between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Orbit
Costal cartilage
Anterior, middle & posterior cranial fossa
Anterior fontanel (infant skull)