Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 Review Sheet
Name ________________________
Hour _______________
1. ____________ investigates the body's structure, whereas __________ investigates the processes or functions
of living things.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Physiology, cytology
Physiology, anatomy
Anatomy, histology
Histology, cytology
Anatomy, physiology
2. A group of cells with similar structure and function, together with the extracellular substances located
between them, form a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
organism.
organelle.
tissue.
organ.
organ system.
3. The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cell.
chemical.
organ.
organelle.
tissue.
4. Which organ system removes substances from the blood, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and
absorbs fat from the digestive tract?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
endocrine
integumentary
lymphatic
respiratory
urinary
5. Which organ system consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
endocrine
integumentary
lymphatic
respiratory
urinary
6. Which organ system consists of hormone-secreting glands, such as the pituitary and thyroid glands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
endocrine
integumentary
lymphatic
respiratory
urinary
7. Which of these characteristics of life helps maintain homeostasis when environmental conditions change?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
growth and development
metabolism
organization
reproduction
responsiveness
8. Development is a process that begins with fertilization and ends with
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
birth.
adolescence.
adulthood.
old age.
death.
9. Given these terms related to negative-feedback: 1. control center 2. effector 3. receptor 4. response
5. Stimulus. Arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1,2,3,4,5
2,3,5,1,4
3,2,1,5,4
4,5,3,2,1
5,3,1,2,4
10. A body temperature of 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) is the __________ for body temperature.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
constant
lower limit
normal range
set point
upper limit
11. Which of these processes illustrates positive-feedback?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increase in respiratory rate during exercise
increase in heart rate when blood pressure decreases
shivering when body temperature decreases
increase in uterine contractions when uterine stretching increases during childbirth
all of these
12. Failure of negative-feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
may produce disease.
occurs when blood pressure increases during exercise.
can be corrected by stimulating positive-feedback mechanisms.
cannot be corrected by medical therapy.
all of these
13. According to the concept of negative feedback, a slight increase in blood pressure causes a corresponding:
A. increase in heart rate.
B. decrease in heart rate.
C. no change in heart rate.
14. To maintain homeostasis, the normal range of values for a variable
A.
B.
C.
D.
is always below the set point.
may change in different situations.
may not deviate from the set point.
occurs because of positive-feedback.
15. A term that means "away from the midline" is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
distal
lateral
medial
proximal
superior
16. Which of these descriptions does NOT apply correctly to a person in the anatomic position?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
standing erect
head facing forward
feet facing forward
arms hanging to the side
palms facing toward the thighs
17. The scapula (shoulder blade) is __________ to the lung.
A.
B.
C.
D.
dorsal
posterior
superficial
all of these
18. The elbow is __________ to the wrist.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
distal
inferior
lateral
medial
proximal
19. The nose is __________ and __________ to the ears.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
anterior, proximal
superior, lateral
inferior, posterior
anterior, medial
superficial, medial
20. Which of the paired terms below are opposites?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
anterior and cephalic
posterior and cephalic
posterior and caudal
superior and cephalic
anterior and dorsal
21. Pancreatitis describes:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
inflammation of the pancreas.
removal of the pancreas.
cancer of the pancreas.
secretions from the pancreas.
death of the pancreas.
22. Given these directional terms: 1. caudal 2. cephalic 3. distal 4. inferior 5. proximal Which of these
directional terms correctly describes the relationship of the ankle to the knee?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1,3
1,3,4
2,3,4
3,4
4,5
23. Which of these anatomical terms refers to the ankle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
manus
femoral
carpal
inguinal
tarsal
24. Which of these anatomical terms refers to the shoulder?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
deltoid
brachial
cervical
buccal
digital
25. The only plane that can divide the body into equal halves is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
frontal (coronal) plane.
oblique plane.
midsagittal plane.
transverse plane.
Serengeti plane.
26. A(n) __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
frontal (coronal)
oblique
sagittal
transverse
27. What is another name for the frontal plane? ___Coronal________
28. Which of these statements concerning body regions is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The pelvis is located between the thorax and abdomen.
The leg extends from the knee to the ankle.
The arm extends from the shoulder to the wrist.
The trunk can be divided into the thoracic area and pelvis.
The thorax is often subdivided superficially into four quadrants.
29. The cavity surrounded by the rib cage and bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
mediastinum.
pericardial cavity.
thoracic cavity
abdomen.
pelvic cavity.
30. Homeostatic imbalance has occurred when a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
person shivers as a result of being cold.
person's heart rate increases as a result of exercise.
person sweats as a result of being hot.
person's breathing rate increases as a result of exercise.
person becomes ill.
31. Select the option that shows increasing complexity levels.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Organ system, organ, tissue, cellular
Cellular, tissue, organ, organ system
Organ, tissue, cellular, organ system
Cellular, tissue, organ system, organ
Tissue, organ, organ system, cellular
32. The opposite of superior is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lateral.
inferior.
ventral.
distal.
superficial.
33. Which choice below is NOT one of the three components of homeostatic control systems?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The control center
The effector
Stimulus (cause of the initial change)
Receptor (senses the change)
34. The respiratory system contains the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
liver, small intestine, and colon.
kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
pituitary, pineal, and thyroid glands.
uterus, vagina, and uterine tube.
35. The spleen is the largest organ in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
nervous system.
endocrine system
respiratory system.
lymphatic system.
reproductive system.
36. Which of the following body systems acts as a fast-acting control system for the body?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Reproductive
Skeletal
Respiratory
Endocrine
Nervous
37. Which of the following body systems functions to produce blood cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cardiovascular
Reproductive
Skeletal
Respiratory
Urinary
38. Which of the following is NOT a necessary human life function?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Excretion
Responsiveness
Movement
Intelligence
Metabolism
39. Which one of the following is NOT a survival need?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pressure
Food
Water
Transportation
Oxygen
40. The simplest level of structural hierarchy is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the organ level.
the chemical level.
the organismal level.
the cellular level.
41. The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is a physiological ability known as
A. excretion.
B. responsiveness.
C. metabolism.
42. All of the following are correct positioning when placing the body in the anatomical position except
A.
B.
C.
D.
the feet are slightly apart.
the palms are facing forward.
the body is "standing to attention".
the thumbs are pointing medially.
43. Which of the following organs lies in the dorsal cavity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the lungs
the kidney
the spinal cord
the stomach
Give the “opposite” for each of the following directional terms.
44. caudal - cephalic
48. ventral - dorsal
45. lateral - medial
49. superficial - deep
46. distal - proximal
50. posterior – anterior
47. inferior- superior
Circle the answer which will make the sentence correct.
51. The big toe is on the lateral/medial side of the foot?
52. The scapula is on the anterior/posterior side of the body?
53. The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow?
54. The hips are superior/inferior to the shoulders?
55. The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine?
56. The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle?
Complete using the terms superior and inferior.
57. The hands are _____Superior_____to the feet
58. The knees are _____Inferior____ to the waist.
59. The elbow is
__Superior______ to the wrist.
60. The calf muscle is ___Superior__to the ankle.
Complete using the terms anterior and posterior.
61. The heel is ____posterior____ to the toes.
62. The biceps are ___anterior_____ to the triceps.
63. The hamstring is ___posterior___to the quadriceps
Complete using the terms lateral and medial.
64. The arms are ___lateral_____to the midline.
65. The neck is ____medial_____to the arms.
66. The shoulders are ___lateral___to the midline