Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere
Supporting Information for
Solar influences on spatial patterns of Eurasian winter temperature and atmospheric general
circulation anomalies
Haishan Chen1,2,3*, Hedi Ma1,2,3, Xing Li1,2,3, Shanlei Sun1,2,3
1 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of
Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing
210044, China
2 International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China
3 School of Atmospheric Sciences, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China
* Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of
Information Science and Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Nanjing 210044, China. Tel: +86-25-58731268.
E-mail address: haishan@nuist.edu.cn (Haishan Chen).
Contents of this file
Figure S1, Figure S2, Figure S3, Figure S4
1
Introduction
This Supporting Information presents solar signals in surface air temperature (SAT, Figure S1), sea
level pressure (SLP, Figure S2), 500hPa geopotential height (Figure S3) and 200 hPa zonal wind
(Figure S4) during late winter (January-February-March (JFM)). Compared with Figure 2, 3, 5, 6, we
find that late winter solar signals are very close to those during winter (December-January-February
(DJF)), but with slightly smaller amplitudes. This suggests our results are not sensitive to the choice
of winter definition.
Fig. S1a shows regression coefficient of the CRU SAT during JFM for TSI obtained by MLR method with the
seven indices (Solar forcing, Volcanic, ENSO, Anthropogenic, NAO, AMO, and PDO), the coefficient is
expressed in degrees Celsius per 1.15 unit of TSI (W/m2), corresponding to temperature increase from minimum
10 TSI to maximum 10 TSI years. Fig. S1b is same as Fig. S1a, but the solar index is OPSF instead, the
coefficient is expressed in degrees Celsius per 2.82 unit of OPSF (1014 Wb), corresponding to temperature
increase from minimum 10 OPSF to maximum 10 OPSF years.
2
Fig. S2 Spatial pattern of JFM SLP response to solar activity obtained using (a) NCEP reanalysis + TSI; (b)
JRA55 reanalysis + TSI; (c) NCEP reanalysis + OPSF; (d) JRA55 reanalysis + OPSF. The solar response is in hPa
per 1.15 unit of TSI (W/m2) for Fig. 3a and 3b, hPa per 2.28 unit of OPSF (1014 Wb) for Fig. 3c and 3d, solid
black dots denote regions of 95% confidence level in a two-tailed test after prewhitening.
3
Fig. S3 Same as Fig. S2, but for 500 hPa geopotential height, the solar response unit is in gpm per 1.15 unit of TSI
(W/m2) for (a) and (b), gpm per 2.28 unit of OPSF (1014 Wb) for (c) and (d).
4
Fig. S4 Same as Fig. S2, but for 200 hPa zonal wind, the solar response unit is in m/s per 1.15 unit of TSI (W/m2)
for (a) and (b), m/s per 2.28 unit of OPSF (1014 Wb) for (c) and (d).
5