Division of Math and Science
Arkansas Northeastern College
Departmental Course Syllabus: Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry and Lab
CH 14063 / CH 14071
I.
Course Prerequisites
Prerequisite: Grade of “C” or better in General Chemistry I and Lab (CH 14023/14031). Lecture and Lab must be
taken concurrently.
II.
Course Catalog Description
This course is designed to present topics and concepts from organic and biochemistry required by students pursuing
degrees in the allied health sciences and related fields. This course is not intended for chemistry majors.
III.
Required Texts and Materials
Organic and Biological Chemistry
H. Stephen Stoker
Houghten Mifflin Company
Elementary Organic and Biochemistry Laboratory Manual
2000 edition
Vincennes University
Laboratory Notebook
(carbonless quad notebook)
W.H. Freeman and Company, Publisher
IV.
Course Rationale: The natural sciences provide the opportunity for the development of independent, creative, and
logical thinking while they enhance one’s understanding of the effects of the sciences upon the individual, society
and the environment. The information gained from studies in the biological and physical sciences is based upon
acute observations, experimentation, and arriving at logical conclusions. The decision-making processes that are
used daily in coping with life in a modern society are basically those practiced in all science classes. The historical
development of this logical process is an integral part of each science class, and as such, provides the individual with
a foundation for continued personal growth.
Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry is a sophomore level course which serves as a requisite for several
professional health related majors, including nursing, allied health, biological sciences, agricultural sciences, food
sciences, and public health. The course presents an amalgam of organic chemistry and biochemistry basics which the
students in these majors may take in place of the full courses of organic chemistry and biochemistry.
V.
Course Objectives
By the end of the course, students will
 Implement a substantial vocabulary in chemical nomenclature associated with organic chemistry and
biochemistry through written and oral communications.
 Demonstrate a working knowledge of the scientific method and acute observational skills with respect to
organic and biochemical processes.
 Demonstrate a working knowledge of hydrocarbons, sugars and biochemical metabolism pathways.
VI.
Unit and Instructional Objectives
I. UNIT ONE: Introduction to Organic Chemistry – Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (Ch. 1-2)
Rationale: Organic compounds are the chemical basis for life. These compounds are integral components in industry,
pharmaceuticals and numerous other applications which our society depends. The ability to recognize,
differentiate and name these compounds is necessary to a wide range of careers.
Objectives: The student will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Identify organic and inorganic compounds.
Define and explain the bonding characteristics of the carbon atom.
Draw and discuss structural formulas and structural isomerism.
Identify and name simple and complex alkanes from structural formulas, and define structural isomerism.
Given a structure, name alkanes by IUPAC nomenclature
Identify and name branched alkyl groups and cycloalkanes.
List physical properties for alkanes and cycloalkanes from their structure and/or formula.
Identify and name alkenes and cycloalkenes (IUPAC nomenclature).
List physical properties for alkenes and recognize polymerization of alkenes.
Given a structural model, identify and name alkynes.
Identify and name aromatic hydrocarbons, and list their physical properties.
II. UNIT TWO: Complex hydrocarbons: Functional Groups (Ch. 3-6)
Rational: A functional group is the part of an organic molecule where most of its chemical reactions occur. Oxygencontaining functional groups make up the most important biochemical molecules. These functional groups can be
categorized as follows: one oxygen atom involved in two single bonds (alcohols, phenols, and esthers), one oxygen atom
involved in a double bond (aldehydes and ketones), and two oxygen atoms, one involved in a single bond and the other
in a double bond (carboxylic acids and esters). Nitrogen also plays an important role in biochemical processes, and is the
central atom in amides and amines. In order to master and predict biochemical behavior, it is necessary to identify
various functional groups and recognize the characteristics of each group.
Objectives: The student will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Identify and describe bonding characteristics of oxygen atoms in organic compounds.
Identify and draw structural features of alcohols, phenols and ethers.
Given a structural model, name alcohols and phenols (IUPAC nomenclature).
Identify commonly encountered alcohols and list physical properties.
Identify phenols and list physical properties.
Identify ethers and list physical properties, including cyclic ethers.
Identify and illustrate the bonding of the carbonyl group in organic compounds.
List and name aldehydes and ketones from structural formula, and list physical properties.
Identify and predict oxidation reduction reactions of aldehydes and ketones, and alcohol reactions with aldehydes and
ketones.
Identify and name carboxylic acids, both IUPAC nomenclature and common names.
List physical properties of carboxylic acids, and illustrate their preparation.
Identify and name esters, and list physical properties
Identify and describe bonding for nitrogen containing organic compounds.
Identify structure and classification of amines, name and list physical properties.
Identify alkaloids and amides, and list physical properties and structure.
III. UNIT THREE: Introduction to Biochemistry – Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins (Ch. 7 – 9)
Rationale: Biochemistry is the chemistry of living systems. In order to understand and predict how cells manufacture
the molecules needed for life and the chemical reactions by which life is maintained, it is necessary to recognize the
major classes of biochemical compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (nucleic acids in Unit IV).
Objectives: The student will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Recognize biochemical substances and define bioinorganic and bioorganic.
List and describe the occurrence of carbohydrates.
Describe carbohydrate classification.
Discuss chirality and carbohydrates, entantiomers and diastereomers.
Utilizing Fischer Projections, designate handedness of a given molecule.
Recognize and discuss the difference between monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide.
Describe the biological importance of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Draw and discuss Haworth Projection Formulas for cyclic monosaccharides.
Discuss the relationship between blood types and monosaccharides.
Describe the characteristics of lipids, and discuss fatty acids.
List the characteristics of fatty acids.
Describe the classification schemes for fatty acids.
Define saponifiable, and saponifiable lipids.
Discuss transport across cell membranes, and how lipids are involved.
Differentiate between phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol.
List some characteristics of proteins, and describe amino acids.
Discuss chirality and amino acids.
Discuss the relationship between amino acids and proteins.
Recognize chirality and how proteins are chiral.
Discuss peptide formation.
List and discuss the levels of protein structure: primary, secondary and tertiary.
List and discuss the essential amino acids.
IV. UNIT FOUR: Biochemical Processes – Enzymes and Vitamins, Nucleic Acids, and Metabolism (Ch. 10 – 13)
Rationale: Metabolism is the totality of all the biochemical processes that take place in a living organism. While the
general public hears of vitamins, DNA, and metabolism, it is necessary to understand the relationship these biochemical
species have with the production of energy in order to expand the quality of healthcare, dietetics, agriculture, and
numerous other areas.
Objectives: The student will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Identify the general characteristics, nomenclature and structure of enzymes.
Produce models of enzyme action and specificity and inhibition.
Describe the regulation of enzyme activity with regard to allosteric enzymes, zymogens and antibiotics.
Define ‘vitamins’, and differentiate between the types of vitamins.
Identify and describe the basic function of nucleic acids, and know the primary structure.
Identify and discuss the DNA double helix.
Discuss DNA replication.
Discuss protein synthesis: nucleic acids and viruses.
List types of metabolic reactions, and relate cell structure to type.
Discuss an overview of biochemical energy production.
Differentiate between catabolic and anabolic metabolism.
Discuss: the citric acid cycle, the electron-transport chain and the importance of ATP.
Define and discuss digestion.
Discuss digestion and carbohydrate adsorption, glycolysis, and the complete oxidation of glucose.
Discuss hormonal activity and carbohydrate metabolism.
Discuss digestion and lipid adsorption and metabolism.
Define ketone bodies.
Define protein digestion and adsorption processes.
Discuss the urea cycle.
Describe the interrelationships among lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.
Laboratory:
Rationale: The ability to work safely and efficiently in a laboratory setting is essential. The laboratory, taken
concurrently with the lecture, illustrates and reinforces the material and principles in General Chemistry I. The skills
developed in a controlled laboratory setting, including documentation, computer skills, and chemical handling, will
translate into a myriad of settings and prepare the student for further educational and career opportunities.
Objectives: The student will be able to:
Experiment 1: Lab Safety and Correct Documentation Techniques
1. Locate and utilize all safety equipment in the laboratory.
2. Write a prelab after reading an experimental procedure.
3. Record data in a laboratory notebook in the correct manner, and plan data sheets and post labs.
Experiment 2: What is an Organic Compound?
1. Define inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry.
2. Define covalent bonding and ionic bonding.
3. Describe differences in melting points, solubility, combustion and conductivity between organic and inorganic
compounds.
Experiment 3: Hydrocarbon Structures
1. Identify the geometric shapes and sketch the models constructed.
2. Write molecular, condensed and full structural formulas.
3. Draw and describe structural and geometric isomers.
Experiment 4: Reactions or Not?
1. Compare and discuss the reactivity of aliphatic alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
2. Differentiate between substitution and addition reactions.
3. Predict which class of hydrocarbon will undergo substitution and/or addition reactions.
4. Write chemical equations for reactions performed.
Experiment 5: Polymers
1. Define polymer, give examples of an addition polymer and a condensation polymer.
2. Distinguish the type of each polymer formed in the reactions performed.
Experiment 6: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
1. Distinguish between the three classes of organic oxygen compounds: alcohol, phenol and ethers.
2. Discuss the solubility of the three types of compounds.
3. Draw and discuss structures of each type of compound.
4. Write chemical equations for reactions performed.
Experiment 7: Carbonyls, carboxylic Acids & Esters
1. Differentiate between aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters.
2. Discuss Tollen’s test, Benedict’s test and the legal acetone test.
3. Discuss the solubility of carboxylic acids.
4. Identify and describe the odors of the esters prepared.
5. Write chemical equations for reactions performed.
Experiment 8: Preparation of Aspirin
1. Write the chemical equation for the preparation of aspirin.
2. Discuss the tests for salicylic acid and starch.
3. Identify the percent aspirin in a tablet and identify the binder in a tablet.
Experiment 9: Organic Nitrogen Compounds
1. Identify the structural differences between primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
2. Identify the structural differences between unsubstituted, monosubstituted, and disubstituted amides.
3. Write the chemical equations for reactions performed.
Experiment 10: Carbohydrates
1. Identify and discuss monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
2. Draw Fischer projection formulas for given carbohydrates.
3. Describe the results of chemical tests for the identification of different carbohydrates.
Experiment 11: Lipids
1. State a general rule for the solubility of lipids.
2. Discuss the tests used for identification of lipids.
3. Write the chemical equation for the preparation of soap.
Experiment 12: Proteins and Amino Acids
1. Discuss the color tests performed on proteins and amino acids and indicate the purpose of each test.
2. Discuss the acid-base properties of proteins.
3. Discuss the denaturation process of proteins.
Experiment 13: Enzymes for Fast Action
1. Discuss the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions.
2. Discuss how temperature, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration influence the rates of enzyme
catalyzed reactions.
3. Write the chemical equation for the reactions performed.
Experiment 14: Urine & Blood Analysis
1. Identify all components tested in urine and blood.
2. Describe the tests utilized and what each will indicate.
3. Relate abnormal results of test with possible diseases.
Experiment 15: The DNA and RNA
1. Identify the principle components of DNA and RNA.
2. Draw simple structures, and discuss test results.
3. Discuss hydrolysis and the products of hydrolysis.
VII.
Course Policies:
Grades of "Incomplete":
The current College policy concerning incomplete grades will be followed in this course. Incomplete grades are
given only in situations where unexpected emergencies prevent a student from completing the course and the
remaining work can be completed the next semester. Your instructor is the final authority on whether you qualify
for an incomplete. Incomplete work must be finished by mid-term of the subsequent semester or the “I” will
automatically be recorded as an “F” on your transcript.
Technology and Media
Email: Arkansas Northeastern College has partnered with Google to host email addresses for ANC students.
myANCmail accounts are created for each student enrolled in the current semester and is the email address your
instructor will use to communicate with you. Access your email account by going to
http://mail.google.com/a/smail.anc.edu and using your first and last names, separated by a period for your
username. Your default password is the last six digits of your Student ID. If you cannot access your student
email, contact the MITS department at 762-1020 ext 1150 or ext 1207 or send an email to
ANChelp@smail.anc.edu.
Internet: This course has a web component on myANC.
Student Expectations
Disability Access: Arkansas Northeastern College is committed to providing reasonable accommodations for all
persons with disabilities. This First Day Handout is available in alternate formats upon request. Students with
disabilities who need accommodations in this course must contact the instructor at the beginning of the semester
to discuss needed accommodations. No accommodations will be provided until the student has met with the
instructor to request accommodations. Students who need accommodations must be registered with Johnny
Moore in Statehouse Hall, 762-3180.
Professionalism Policy:
Per classroom etiquette: mobile phones, iPods, etc. must be silenced during all classroom and lab lectures. Those
not heeding this rule will be asked to leave the classroom immediately so as to not disrupt the learning
environment. Please arrive on time for all class meetings. If you know ahead of time that you will be late, please
contact the instructor ahead of time and provide that information. If a student is late for a lecture, I have no
problem with entering the class as long as it is done in a professional manner (no noise, no talking, etc).
NO TEXTING IN CLASS.
Academic Integrity Policy:
Academic dishonesty in any form will not be tolerated. If you are uncertain as to what constitutes academic
dishonesty, please consult ANC’s Student Handbook (http://www.anc.edu/docs/anc_handbook.pdf) for further
details. Students are expected to do their own work. Plagiarism, using the words of others without express
permission or proper citation, will not be tolerated. Any cheating (giving or receiving) or other dishonest activity
will, at a minimum, result in a zero on that test or assignment and may be referred, at the discretion of the
instructor, to the Department Chair and/or Vice President of Instruction for further action.
VIII.
Assessment
Any tools for institutional assessment will be provided by the Chemistry Department.
Calculation of the final grade will be determined by the following:
Assessment
Lecture – exams/quizzes/assignments
Final Exam
Laboratory
Final grades will be assigned according to the following:
Grading Scale (%)
93-100
A
84 – 92
B
70 – 83
C
60 – 69
D
0 – 59
F
Percent of Final Grade
55%
20%
25%
100%