The Earth is a ball of
_____.
rock
The Earth weighs
about _____ sextillion
tons.
6.6
Scientists think the
Earth was formed
______ years ago.
4.6 billion
What provides us with
information about life
conditions in the past?
fossils
The Earth never stays
the same, so it is
constantly _____.
changing
Scientific evidence
indicates that the Earth
is made up of ____
basic layers.
4
Temperature and
_____ increase with
depth beneath the
Earth’s surface.
pressure
Which layer of the
Earth is rocky and
surrounds the Earth
like a shell or skin?
crust
The crust under the
_____ is known as
continental crust.
continents
The crust under the
_____ is known as
oceanic crust.
oceans
This layer of the Earth
is normally a solid but
can change to a liquid.
mantle
This is the largest layer
of the Earth.
mantle
Parts of the mantle can
change from a solid to
a liquid. This feature is
known as _______.
plasticity
Which layer of the
Earth is made of
molten (melted) iron
and nickel?
outer core
Which layer of the
Earth is made of solid
iron and nickel?
inner core
Which layer of the
Earth is the hottest?
inner core
The inner core is solid
due to the _____ of the
other layers.
pressure
Which is hotter – the
inner core of the Earth
or the sun?
inner core
The inner core is at the
very center of the
Earth and is shaped
like a _____.
sphere
Seismology is the
study of _____. This
tells us a lot about the
inner core.
earthquakes
The Earth’s _____
energy causes
movement of material
within the Earth.
heat
Large continent-sized
blocks of rock from the
crust and upper mantle
are called _____.
plates
Which theory suggests
that heat from within the
Earth causes plates to
move slowly about the
Earth’s surface?
The theory of
plate
tectonics
In the past, the
continents all formed
one supercontinent
called _____.
Pangea
The fact that the
continents look like they
fit together like a giant
_____ supports the
continental drift theory.
puzzle
Rock and _____
similarities among
continents that are not
joined today supports the
continental drift theory.
fossil
_____ gives us
information about how
life was in the past.
fossils
The boundaries of
plates are called
_____.
faults
Where are most
earthquakes and
volcanoes located?
along fault
lines (plate
boundaries)
_____ boundaries
occur when plates
move together.
convergent
_____ boundaries
occur when plates
move apart.
divergent
_____, transform, or
slip-strike boundaries
occur when plates
slide past each other.
sliding
New mountain ranges
are formed along
_____ boundaries.
convergent
Mountains in the
ocean are called
_____.
mid-ocean
ridges
Volcanoes form along
_____ boundaries.
divergent
Deep _____ form in
the ocean along
divergent boundaries.
trenches
_____ develop along
sliding/transform/strikeslip boundaries
earthquakes
When volcanoes erupt,
huge _____ flows
cause fires and
crushes anything in its
way.
lava
The heat and steam
from a volcanic
eruption can be used
to make _____.
electricity
Ash from _____ is full
of nutrients and can be
used to grow new
crops.
volcanoes
A chain of over 300
active volcanoes is
around the _____
Ocean.
Pacific
A chain of over 300
active volcanoes is
around the Pacific
Ocean and is knows as
____________ (4 words)
The Ring of
Fire
What is another name
for a sliding boundary?
transform or
strike-slip
The two layers of the
Earth that are composed
mostly of rocky material
are:
crust and
mantle
The two layers of the
Earth that are composed
mostly of iron and nickel
are:
inner core
and outer
core
Mountain ranges, included
the Appalachian
Mountains, mid-ocean
ridges, trenches,
volcanoes, and
earthquakes are caused
by:
plate
movement
Which of these often occur as the
Earth’s crustal plates move?
A
B
C
D
Hurricanes
Floods
Tornadoes
Earthquakes
D–
earthquakes
Which layer of Earth is the
thinnest?
A
B
C
D
Inner core
Crust
Outer Core
Mantle
B – crust
Which of these best describes the
relationship between Earth’s layers?
A The hottest layers are closest to the core
B The more liquid layers are closest to the crust
C The lightest layers are closest to the core.
D The more metallic layers are closest to the
crust.
A
What layer of Earth is located just
below the crust?
A
B
C
D
Inner core
Mantle
Continental shelf
Outer Core
B – Mantle