Settlement and communications Key Words
Water Source- River/
lake
9000 Years- Land
Bridge
Norman- 12C CenturyCastle/ River/ bridging
point
Our First Settlers
Food- Fish/ River/ sea/
Defence- celts/ hills/
lake
crannogs
Mesolithic/ Neolithic/
Monastic SettlementCelts
Christianity/ Remote/
Refuge/ education/
religion/ “Cill” “Kill”
Plantations- 17cLinear Settlementportarlington/
Line/ Routeway/
diamond/ market
transport/ road
frontage/ services
Communicationtransport/ rivers
Viking Settlement800AD- Coastline“Ford”- Wexford
Nucleated- Grouped/
crossroad/ bridging
point/ services
Dispersed- Spread outfarm buildings/ people
living peace and quite
Altitude (Low lying/
under 200 m) and flat
(easy to build roads)
Dublin has all of these
features +
Nodal point (centres of
transport routes)
High Pop density (500
per SQ KM)
Rural Settlement
(farms)= Linear
settlement/
rectangular fields
Market
Residential (dormitory
town)
River Shannon
Settlement
Reasons for location of town
Drainage (good
Bridging point- Easy to
draining but also near
cross
river/ transport/ water
food.
Primate city (twice the
Seat of government
size og next city
(power)
Ireland educational/
Dormitory town in linear
cultural/ commercial
pattern from Dublin
capital
(commuter belt)
Polder in the Netherlands
Poders= Reclaimed
Zuiderzee project
land from the sea.
1927= North East
Dam Zuiderzee= Lake
Polder/ Eastern
Ijsselmeer.
Flevoland/ Southern
Walls= Dykes.
Flevoland/ Wiering
Drained by canals
ermeer Polder
Polders= overspill area
Randsrad (horseshoe
area of towns with
farmland at centre
(groene Hart)
Functions of a town
Defence (castle)
Natural Resource
(Zinc/ gold)
Recreational (beach/
Ecclesiastical
tourism)
(Religious)
Foynes= Port
Clonmacnoise=
Athlone= Defensive
Esslesiastical.
(Ath= bridging point)
Killaloe=Leisure
Land quality- Brown
soil/ Alluvial soil
Ireland main port
(economic capital)
Settlements were all
planned, radial. Town=
centre villages in radial
pattern linked by ring
road and main road.
Emmeloord
Port
Limerick= Multifunctional
Limerick City
Defensive= Cost/ river
meander/ Normans/
King Johns Castle
River Rhine Settlement
Basel/ Cologne
Defence= Fortified/
Bronze & Iron age/
Murus Gallicus
Ireland/ Transport 21=
34 billion invested in
transport
French Rail Network
(SNCF)
Market= Bridging
point/ fertile alluvial
soil/ Route focus/
Nodal point
Market= Industrial
city/ Commerce/
Retail/ Tourism
Port= Estuary/ imports
and exports/ Aughinish
Alumina.
Nodal Point/ Port=
inland harbour/
crossroad.
Communication (road/ rail/ canals/ airport)
Towns have grown on
Satellite/ Dormitory on Bridging= market
transport routes.
motorways= people
place/ route focus
M7- Dublin- Limerick
live further from
Ring Roads/ M50
workplace (commute)
2nd largest rail network TGV= connects all
Metro=4 million
30,000km.
major cities.
passengers dailty/
TGV=300 km
Le Metro= French
increase tourism/
underground= 300
industry/ created
stations/ 200 km track urban sprawl