OPHTHALMOLOGY
During ophthalmology course students receive basic information of physiology organ of vision, ocular
examination techniques, most common external diseases, pathology of cornea, uvea and retina,
diagnosis of glaucoma and strabismus, as well as pharmacological and surgery therapy in
ophthalmology and first aid in ocular injuries.
CONTACT: dr n. med. Karolina Kaźmierczak, e-mail: karolinabak@wp.pl
SYLABUS
I.
Name of the unit offering the course: Department of Ophthalmology
II.
Head of the unit/ course coordinator: Prof. dr hab. Grażyna Malukiewicz
III.
6th year, number of hours: 60
IV.
Form of classes: seminars: 30, tutorials: 30
V.
Form of crediting: exam
VI.
Number of ECTS points: 5
VII.
Aim of the course:
To familiarized with basic ocular examination techniques, diagnostic methods and
treatment of most common ocular diseases.
VIII.
Lecturers: Prof. dr hab. n. med. Grażyna Malukiewicz, dr hab. n. med. Bartłomiej Kałużny,
dr n. med. Joanna Stafiej, dr n. med. Karolina Kaźmierczak, dr n. med. Małgorzata
Seredyka – Burduk, dr n. med. Hanna Lesiewska-Junk, lek. Bartosz Sikorski,
lek. Magdalena Pol
IX.
Topics of seminars:
1. Ocular examination techniques (ocular history, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus
examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, color vision, electrophysiological tests,
perimetry) and imaging techniques (fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography,
optical coherence tomography, imaging in glaucoma, neuroimaging).
2. Refractive errors (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia) and
methods of correction: glasses, contact lenses. Corneal and refractive surgery.
3. Most common diseases of eyelids, lacrimal drainage system, conjunctiva, cornea and
orbit – diagnostics and treatment.
4. First aid and treatment of eye trauma.
5. Diagnostics and treatment of uveitis and glaucoma.
6. Identification and procedures in retinal vascular diseases (hypertensive disease,
diabetic retinopathy, retinal venous and arterial occlusive disease).
7. Diagnostics and surgery of cataract and retinal detachment.
8. Acquired macular disorders and fundus dystrophies.
9. Examination of visual field.
10. Color vision examination.
11. First aid in ocular mechanical and chemical trauma.
12. Management in cases of superficial foreign bodies (removal of subtarsal and corneal
bodies).
X.
Self-study topics:
1. Ocular examination techniques and imaging techniques
2. Refractive errors (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia) and
correction methods: glasses, contact lenses.
3. Developmental malformations and anomalies.
4. Diseases of eyelids (tumors, disorders of lashes, allergic disorders, bacterial and viral
infections) - diagnostics and treatment.
5. Diseases of lacrimal drainage system (causes of a watering eye, acquiread and
congenital obstruction, lacrimal surgery). Dry eye disorders.
6. Diseases of conjunctiva (bacterial, viral allergic and cicatrizing coniunctivitis) –
diagnostics and treatment.
7. Diseases of cornea (bacterial, viral, fungal and other forms of keratitis, corneal
dystrophies, ectasias and degenerations, keratopathies) – diagnostics and treatment.
8. Diseases of orbit (thyroid eye disease, inflammatory disease, tumours) – diagnostics
and treatment.
9. First aid and treatment of eye trauma.
10. Anterior, intermediate and posterior uveitis (clinical features and treatment).
11. Glaucoma (ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension
glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, neovascular glaucoma,
inflammatory glaucoma) - diagnostic methods, classification, glaucoma medications,
laser therapy, glaucoma surgery.
12. Identification and procedures in retinal vascular diseases (hypertensive disease,
diabetic retinopathy, retinal venous and arterial occlusive disease).
13. Diagnostics and surgery of cataract.
14. Retinal detachment (rhegmatogenous, tractional and exudative retinal detachment) –
pathogenesis, diagnostics and vitreo-retinal surgery.
15. Acquired macular disorders (age-related macular degeneration, age-related macular
hole, central serous retinopathy, cystoids macular oedema) – diagnostics and
treatment.
16. Diagnostics and treatment of ocular tumours.
17. Drug-induced disorders.
18. Diagnostics and management of strabismus and neuroophtalmological conditions
(papillary reactions, optic neuritis, optic disc oedema, optic disc atrophy, disorders of
third, fourth and sixth nerve) .
19. Ocular findings of systemic diseases.
20. Farmacological treatment and laserotherapy in ophthalmology.
XI.
Booklist: Jack J. Kanski “Clinical Ophthalmology”, Sixth Edition 2007.
XII.
Detailed list of required practical skills and confirmation of completing
1. The proper collecting of ocular and systemic medical history.
2. Visual acuity examination.
3. Examination of ocular motility.
4. Slid-lamp biomicroscopy – evaluation of anterior segment of the eye.
5. Evaluation of pupil reactions.
6. Intraocular pressure estimation - tonometry.
7. Fundus eye examination.
8. Schirmer’s test.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Examination of visual field.
Color vision examination .
First aid in ocular mechanical and chemical trauma.
Management in cases of superficial foreign bodies (removal of subtarsal and corneal
foreign bodies)
RULES AND REGULATIONS
A. Name of the unit offering the course: Ophthalmological Department
B. Head of the unit: Prof. dr hab. n. med. Grażyna Malukiewicz
C. Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, VI year
D. Form and terms of crediting of the course: admission test, 2 weeks of seminars and
exercises, final exam (test)
I.
Form and terms of crediting of the exercises: on the basis of attendance to exercises
II.
Form and terms of crediting of the admission test: ocular anatomy and physiology
test at the 1th day, before beginning of the exercise
III.
Form of crediting the course: exam (test) at the last day of the course
E. Terms of crediting of the missing seminars and exercises:
I.
Excused reasons:
a. 1 day – additional 1 day of duty
II.
2 or more days – additional 2 or more days of duty and getting a pass of the topics
from the missing seminars
III.
Unexcused reasons:
a. 1 day - additional 1 day of duty and getting a pass of the topic from the missing
seminar
b. 2 or more days – failed course.
F. General and detailed required BHP rules:
I.
Seminars – take place in the lecture hall at the Ophthalmological Department
II.
Exercises – take place at the Ophthalmological Department:
treatment room
- retinal laboratory
- corneal laboratory
- strabismus laboratory
- laser treatment room
- operating room
- patient room.
During seminars and exercises at the Ophthalmological Department students are obliged to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
wear protective clothing (doctor’s gown, overshoe)
comply with general BHP and fire protection rules
report to the doctor – lecturer or physician on duty, abnormality or danger listed above
keep the lecture hall in order (switch off the light and electrical equipment, close the
lecture hall after seminars and return a key to Secretariat).
Practical Skills Chart
Year of study: VI
The academic year: 2014/2015
Type of practical skill
1. The ability of taking the medical and ocular history
of a patient
1.1. A vision abnormalities (metamorphopsia,
dyschromatopsia, visual field scotomas).
1.2. A pain in the eye, photophobia, watering, “foreign
body” sensation
1.3. Family history.
2. The evaluation of refractive errors (computer
refractometry), ability of visual acuity examination
(Donders’ method,) and methods of their correction:
glasses, contact lenses.
3. The evaluation of eye movement.
4. The slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer test,
exophthalmometry.
5. The evaluation of intraocular pressure (tonometry).
6. The eye fundus examination.
7. The visual field examination.
8. The color vision examination.
9. The providing of the first –aid in ocular trauma.
10. The ability of upper eyelid reversing and superficial
foreign body removal (subtarsal, corneal).
11. The knowledge of basic acute ocular disorders and
methods of management (e.g. acute coniunctivitis,
acute glaucoma, acute uveitis).
12. The knowledge of basic methods of medical and
surgical treatment in ophthalmology.
13. The knowledge of ocular side effects of general
treatment.
Date of
completing
Confirmation by
the doctor
Remarks