Defenders #77: ‘Bible Overview – Exodus (4.07)’
Andover Baptist Church – January 26th, 2014
A. Open in Prayer
B. Homework: Memorize the Key Memory Words of Exodus; read the book of Leviticus
C. Class: Exodus
1. Introduction to the Book of Exodus
a. Name means ‘way out’ or ‘departure’
b. The author of Genesis, and the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch), is Moses
1. Jewish Talmud credits him
2. Jesus and Stephen, the first Christian martyr, credits him
Acts 7:22 (NET) “So Moses was trained in all the wisdom of the Egyptians and was powerful in his words and
deeds.”
Luke 24:27 (NET) “Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things written
about himself in all the scriptures.”
c. Time Period
1. 350 – 400 years have passed since the close of Genesis
2. According to 1 Kings 6:1, Solomon began building the temple 480 after the Israelite
exodus from Egypt
1 Kings 6:1 (NET) “In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites left Egypt, in the fourth year of
Solomon’s reign over Israel, during the month Ziv (the second month), he began building the Lord’s temple.”
3. The temple was built in approximately 966 B.C. making the time of the Exodus
roughly 1446 B.C.
4. The book of Exodus covers about 150 years of time
2. Themes of / Theme Verses
a. The central theme is redemption and God’s faithfulness to the covenant that He made to
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
b. Another major theme is God’s choosing Abraham’s descendants to be established as His
people, releasing them from bondage to man into a covenant relationship with Him
c. The Passover is established foreshadowing what God was going to do in the future (cf. Seeing
Jesus in Exodus section)
d. We see God preparing His people to enter the land of promise
e. The Covenant of the Law is given and has three components
1. Moral
2. Civil
3. Ceremonial
f. The tabernacle, another foreshadowing tool, is established by God
g. Theme Verses
Exodus 3:6 (NET) “He added, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the
God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God.”
Exodus 3:14 (NET) “God said to Moses, “I am that I am.” And he said, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘I
am has sent me to you.’ ”
Exodus 5:1 (NET) “Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, “Thus says the Lord, the God of
Israel, ‘Release my people so that they may hold a pilgrim feast to me in the desert.’ ”
Exodus 6:6 (NET) “Therefore, tell the Israelites, ‘I am the Lord. I will bring you out from your enslavement to
the Egyptians, I will rescue you from the hard labor they impose, and I will redeem you with an outstretched
arm and with great judgments.”
Exodus 8:1 (NET) “Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘Thus says the Lord: “Release
my people in order that they may serve Me!”
Exodus 12:13 (NET) “The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, so that when I see the
blood I will pass over you, and this plague will not fall on you to destroy you when I attack the land of Egypt.”
Exodus 19:4–6 (NET) “4 ‘You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt and how I lifted you on eagles’ wings
and brought you to myself.5 And now, if you will diligently listen to me and keep my covenant, then you will be
my special possession out of all the nations, for all the earth is mine, 6 and you will be to me a kingdom of
priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you will speak to the Israelites.”
Exodus 20:3 (NET) “You shall have no other gods before Me.”
Exodus 24:7 (NET) “He took the Book of the Covenant and read it aloud to the people, and they said, “We are
willing to do and obey all that the Lord has spoken.”
3. Purpose of Exodus
a. Historical: How the family of Jacob became the nation of Israel
b Doctrinal: Redemption and deliverance pictured by the Passover lamb; obedience to God is
necessary, God's faithfulness to the Abrahamic covenant
c. Christological: Jesus is the Deliverer of His people
4. Major Divisions of the Book of Exodus
a. Israel freed from slavery in Egypt by God (1-18) and God’s revelation to Israel at Mt. Sinai
(19-40)
b. It can be divided based upon three key parts: Moses, the Law and the Tabernacle
c. It can be expanded upon
1. Chapters 1-4: The state of the Israelites problems in Egypt; birth of Moses, Moses
flees Egypt, God calls Moses
2. Chapters 5-12: The plagues on Egypt used by God to free the Israelites from Egypt
3. Chapters 13-18: The Israelites leave Egypt and are heading to the Promised Land
(i.e. Israel)
4. Chapter 9: They arrive at Mt. Sinai and God initiates His covenant with them
5. Chapter 20: The 10 Commandments and giving of the Law
6. Chapters 21-40: Details of the Law and the building of the Tabernacle
5. Outline
a. The Need for Redemption from Egypt (1:1-22)
1. Israel's rapid multiplication: 1:1-7
2. Israel's severe affliction: 1:8-14
3. Israel's planned destruction: 1:15-22
b. Preparation of the Moses (2:1-4:31)
1. Moses is saved: 2:1-10
2. Moses avenges a wrong: 2:11-22
3. Israel calls upon God: 2:23-25
4. God calls Moses: 3:1-4:17
5. Moses accepts the call: 4:18-26
6. Israel accepts Moses as deliver: 4:27-31
c. The Redemption of Israel (5:1-15:21)
1. Confrontation through word: 5:1-6:9
2. Confrontation through miracles: 6:10-7:13
3. Confrontation through plagues: 7:14-11:10
4. Redeemed by blood: 12:1-13:16
5. Redeemed by God's power: 13:17-15:21
d. The Preservation of Israel (15:22-18:27)
1. Preserved from thirst: 15:22-27
2. Preserved from hunger: 16:1-36
3. Preserved from thirst again: 17:1-7
4. Preserved from defeat: 17:8-16
5. Preserved from chaos: 18:1-27
e. Revelation of the Covenant (19:1-40:38)
1. The 10 Commandments: 19:1-20:21
2. Various laws: 20:22-23:33
3. Establishment of the covenant: 24:1-18
4. Design for the tabernacle: 25:1-31:18
5. Israel breaks the covenant: 32:1-35
6. Renewal of the covenant: 33:1-34:35
7. Construction of the tabernacle: 35:1-40:38
6. Key Memory Words and Covenants
a. Key Memory Words: Carrying Burdens, Camp
1. Carrying Burdens: Oppression and Slavery – Moses: Birth, Education, Flight – Ten
Plagues – Passover – Exodus – Through the Red Sea
2. Camp (Exodus – Deuteronomy): Law Given – Tabernacle – Feasts – Priesthood –
Offerings – Wilderness Wanderings
b. Covenants
1. God’s faithfulness to the Abrahamic Covenant
Genesis 13:14–17 (NET) “14 After Lot had departed, the Lord said to Abram, “Look from the place where you
stand to the north, south, east, and west. 15 I will give all the land that you see to you and your descendants
forever. 16 And I will make your descendants like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone is able to count the dust
of the earth, then your descendants also can be counted.17 Get up and walk throughout the land, for I will give it
to you.”
Exodus 3:7 (NET) “The Lord said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt. I have
heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.”
2. The establishment of the Mosaic Covenant / Law
a. Chapters 19, 20 and 24
b. Purpose of the Law
Romans 7:1–14 (NET) “1 Or do you not know, brothers and sisters (for I am speaking to those who know the
law), that the law is lord over a person as long as he lives? 2 For a married woman is bound by law to her
husband as long as he lives, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law of the marriage.3 So then, if
she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her husband
dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress. 4 So, my brothers
and sisters, you also died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you could be joined to another, to the
one who was raised from the dead, to bear fruit to God.5 For when we were in the flesh, the sinful desires,
aroused by the law, were active in the members of our body to bear fruit for death. 6 But now we have been
released from the law, because we have died to what controlled us, so that we may serve in the new life of the
Spirit and not under the old written code. 7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Absolutely not! Certainly, I
would not have known sin except through the law. For indeed I would not have known what it means to desire
something belonging to someone else if the law had not said, “Do not covet.”8 But sin, seizing the opportunity
through the commandment, produced in me all kinds of wrong desires. For apart from the law, sin is dead. 9
And I was once alive apart from the law, but with the coming of the commandment sin became alive 10 and I
died. So I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life brought death! 11 For sin, seizing the
opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it I died.12 So then, the law is holy, and the
commandment is holy, righteous, and good. 13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? Absolutely
not! But sin, so that it would be shown to be sin, produced death in me through what is good, so that through
the commandment sin would become utterly sinful. 14 For we know that the law is spiritual—but I am
unspiritual, sold into slavery to sin.”
Galatians 3:24–25 (NET) “24 Thus the law had become our guardian until Christ, so that we could be declared
righteous by faith. 25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.”
2 Corinthians 3:7–18 (NET) “7 But if the ministry that produced death—carved in letters on stone tablets—
came with glory, so that the Israelites could not keep their eyes fixed on the face of Moses because of the glory
of his face (a glory which was made ineffective),8 how much more glorious will the ministry of the Spirit be?9
For if there was glory in the ministry that produced condemnation, how much more does the ministry that
produces righteousness excel in glory! 10 For indeed, what had been glorious now has no glory because of the
tremendously greater glory of what replaced it.11 For if what was made ineffective came with glory, how much
more has what remains come in glory! 12 Therefore, since we have such a hope, we behave with great
boldness,13 and not like Moses who used to put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from staring at the
result of the glory that was made ineffective.14 But their minds were closed. For to this very day, the same veil
remains when they hear the old covenant read. It has not been removed because only in Christ is it taken
away.15 But until this very day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their minds,16 but when one turns to the
Lord, the veil is removed.17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is present, there is
freedom. 18 And we all, with unveiled faces reflecting the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same
image from one degree of glory to another, which is from the Lord, who is the Spirit.”
7. Seeing Jesus in Exodus
a. Jesus, like Moses, is the deliverer of His people. As God made a covenant of Law with Israel
on Mt. Sinai (Ex. 19), so too did Jesus make a covenant of grace with us on Mt. Calvary
Exodus 8:1 (NET) “Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘Thus says the Lord: “Release
my people in order that they may serve me!”
Deuteronomy 18:15 (NET) “The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you—
from your fellow Israelites; you must listen to him.”
Luke 23:33 (NET) “So when they came to the place that is called “The Skull,” they crucified Him there, along
with the criminals, one on His right and one on His left.”
b. The Passover lamb foreshadows Christ, Who is the Lamb of God
Exodus 12 (NET) “1 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,2 “This month is to be your
beginning of months; it will be your first month of the year.3 Tell the whole community of Israel, ‘In the tenth
day of this month they each must take a lamb for themselves according to their families—a lamb for each
household.4 If any household is too small for a lamb, the man and his next-door neighbor are to take a lamb
according to the number of people—you will make your count for the lamb according to how much each one
can eat.5 Your lamb must be perfect, a male, one year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6
You must care for it until the fourteenth day of this month, and then the whole community of Israel will kill it
around sundown.7 They will take some of the blood and put it on the two side posts and top of the doorframe of
the houses where they will eat it. 8 They will eat the meat the same night; they will eat it roasted over the fire
with bread made without yeast and with bitter herbs. 9 Do not eat it raw or boiled in water, but roast it over the
fire with its head, its legs, and its entrails. 10 You must leave nothing until morning, but you must burn with fire
whatever remains of it until morning. 11 This is how you are to eat it—dressed to travel, your sandals on your
feet, and your staff in your hand. You are to eat it in haste. It is the Lord’s Passover. 12 I will pass through the
land of Egypt in the same night, and I will attack all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of humans and of
animals, and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. I am the Lord. 13 The blood will be a sign for you
on the houses where you are, so that when I see the blood I will pass over you, and this plague will not fall on
you to destroy you when I attack the land of Egypt. 14 This day will become a memorial for you, and you will
celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—you will celebrate it perpetually as a lasting ordinance.15 For seven days
you must eat bread made without yeast. Surely on the first day you must put away yeast from your houses
because anyone who eats bread made with yeast from the first day to the seventh day will be cut off from Israel.
16
On the first day there will be a holy convocation, and on the seventh day there will be a holy convocation for
you. You must do no work of any kind on them, only what every person will eat—that alone may be prepared for
you. 17 So you will keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread, because on this very day I brought your regiments out
from the land of Egypt, and so you must keep this day perpetually as a lasting ordinance.18 In the first month,
from the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, you will eat bread made without yeast until the twenty-first
day of the month in the evening. 19 For seven days yeast must not be found in your houses, for whoever eats
what is made with yeast—that person will be cut off from the community of Israel, whether a foreigner or one
born in the land. 20 You will not eat anything made with yeast; in all the places where you live you must eat
bread made without yeast.’ ” 21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel, and told them, “Go and select
for yourselves a lamb or young goat for your families, and kill the Passover animals.22 Take a branch of hyssop,
dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and apply to the top of the doorframe and the two side posts some of the
blood that is in the basin. Not one of you is to go out the door of his house until morning. 23 For the Lord will
pass through to strike Egypt, and when he sees the blood on the top of the doorframe and the two side posts,
then the Lord will pass over the door, and he will not permit the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you. 24
You must observe this event as an ordinance for you and for your children forever. 25 When you enter the land
that the Lord will give to you, just as he said, you must observe this ceremony. 26 When your children ask you,
‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’—27 then you will say, ‘It is the sacrifice of the Lord’s Passover, when
he passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt, when he struck Egypt and delivered our households.’ ” The
people bowed down low to the ground, 28 and the Israelites went away and did exactly as the Lord had
commanded Moses and Aaron. 29 It happened at midnight—the Lord attacked all the firstborn in the land of
Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the prison,
and all the firstborn of the cattle. 30 Pharaoh got up in the night, along with all his servants and all Egypt, and
there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house in which there was not someone dead. 31 Pharaoh
summoned Moses and Aaron in the night and said, “Get up, get out from among my people, both you and the
Israelites! Go, serve the Lord as you have requested!32 Also, take your flocks and your herds, just as you have
requested, and leave. But bless me also.” 33 The Egyptians were urging the people on, in order to send them out
of the land quickly, for they were saying, “We are all dead!” 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast
was added, with their kneading troughs bound up in their clothing on their shoulders. 35 Now the Israelites had
done as Moses told them—they had requested from the Egyptians silver and gold items and clothing. 36 The
Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and they gave them whatever they wanted, and so they
plundered Egypt. 37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Sukkoth. There were about 600,000 men on foot,
plus their dependants.38 A mixed multitude also went up with them, and flocks and herds—a very large number
of cattle.39 They baked cakes of bread without yeast using the dough they had brought from Egypt, for it was
made without yeast—because they were thrust out of Egypt and were not able to delay, they could not prepare
food for themselves either. 40 Now the length of time the Israelites lived in Egypt was 430 years.41 At the end of
the 430 years, on the very day, all the regiments of the Lord went out of the land of Egypt. 42 It was a night of
vigil for the Lord to bring them out from the land of Egypt, and so on this night all Israel is to keep the vigil to
the Lord for generations to come. 43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover.
No foreigner may share in eating it.44 But everyone’s servant who is bought for money, after you have
circumcised him, may eat it. 45 A foreigner and a hired worker must not eat it. 46 It must be eaten in one house;
you must not bring any of the meat outside the house, and you must not break a bone of it. 47 The whole
community of Israel must observe it. 48 “When a foreigner lives with you and wants to observe the Passover to
the Lord, all his males must be circumcised, and then he may approach and observe it, and he will be like one
who is born in the land—but no uncircumcised person may eat of it. 49 The same law will apply to the person
who is native-born and to the foreigner who lives among you.” 50 So all the Israelites did exactly as the Lord
commanded Moses and Aaron.51 And on this very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by
their regiments.”
John 1:29 (NET) “On the next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God who
takes away the sin of the world!”
1 Corinthians 5:7 (NET) “Clean out the old yeast so that you may be a new batch of dough—you are, in fact,
without yeast. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.”
c. Manna (16:4) is a type of Christ (the Bread from Heaven that gives spiritual life)
Exodus 16:4 (NET) “Then the Lord said to Moses, “I am going to rain bread from heaven for you, and the
people will go out and gather the amount for each day, so that I may test them. Will they will walk in my law or
not?”
d. The Tabernacle foreshadows Jesus
1. Jesus came to live with us, literally He ‘pitched His tent’ among us
John 1:14 (NET) “Now the Word became flesh and took up residence among us. We saw his glory—the glory
of the one and only, full of grace and truth, who came from the Father.”
Hebrews 2:14–15 (NET) “14 Therefore, since the children share in flesh and blood, he likewise shared in their
humanity, so that through death he could destroy the one who holds the power of death (that is, the devil), 15
and set free those who were held in slavery all their lives by their fear of death.”
2. How does the Tabernacle foreshadow Jesus?
a. Door: only one way to God
John 10:9 (NET) “I am the door. If anyone enters through me, he will be saved, and will come in and go out,
and find pasture.”
b. Brazen alter: Substitution is necessary for atoning sins
Mark 10:45 (NET) “For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a
ransom for many.”
c. Laver: Purification is needed for God's presence
John 13:8 (NET) “Peter said to Him, “You will never wash my feet!” Jesus replied, “If I do not wash you, you
have no share with Me.”
d. Lamps: Illumination is needed to do God's work
John 8:12 (NET) “Then Jesus spoke out again, “I am the light of the world. The one who follows Me will never
walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.”
e. Bread: Sustenance is needed for God's people
John 6:48 (NET) “I am the bread of life.”
f. Incense: Intercession is needed for God's people
John 17:9 (NET) “I am praying on behalf of them. I am not praying on behalf of the world, but on behalf of
those you have given Me, because they belong to You.”
g. Veil: There is separation between God and His people
Hebrews 6:19–20 (NET) “19 We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, sure and steadfast, which reaches
inside behind the curtain,20 where Jesus our forerunner entered on our behalf, since he became a priest forever
in the order of Melchizedek.”
Hebrews 10:20 (NET) “by the fresh and living way that He inaugurated for us through the curtain, that is,
through His flesh”
h. Mercy Seat: Only blood can make atonement for sin
1 John 2:2 (NET) “and He himself is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for our sins but also for
the whole world.”
i. Priest: God must be approached through representation
Hebrews 6:19 (NET) “We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, sure and steadfast, which reaches inside
behind the curtain”
Hebrews 9:12 (NET) “and he entered once for all into the most holy place not by the blood of goats and calves
but by his own blood, and so he himself secured eternal redemption.”