Mutations - changes in the genetic code
POINT MUTATION: a single point in the sequence is changed.
For instance a G is changed to an A.
Compare this to reading a sentence
The Scottish Fold cat is a
breed created from a single
mutation that controls
The sentence is still almost recognizable –
ear shape in cats.
- the protein that is made in this case, might still function properly.
Cats eat big rats. --> point mutation --> Cats eat big hats
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION - a mutation that involves a substitution or deletion, which
results in a a shift in the reading frame for the ribosomal translation into a protein.
Cats eat big rats -->
add an additional letter A in the beginning, and the reading frame changes
Aca tse atb igr ats–
The resulting protein would not resemble the original and will probably NOT
be functional, or properly functional.
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
Deletion (A)
Inversion (B)
Translocation (C)
Duplication (D)
Normal (E)
(2 homologous chromosomes)
Trisomy (F) (3 homo. chromo)
Monosomy (G)
(just 1 chromosome, no pair)
E
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
F
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
G
A
B
C
D