A

Aconite (Aconitum spp. also known as Wolfsbane, or Monkshood)



Aloe (Aloe vera)




Claimed to be good for tension, anxiety, insomnia, neurasthenia, panic,
headaches, fatigue, depression, melancholy, convulsions, jerking muscles,
epilepsy, wobbliness, heart trembles, depression, arthritis, fever, snake bites,
and rabies. Claimed to be good for PMS when used with chaste tree or false
unicorn root.[6]
Not much research has been done on the herb, so these claims can't be
evaluated.[7]
High doses can cause giddiness, stupor, mental confusion, twitching, irregular
heartbeat, and seizures.[7] American skullcap has, on occasion, been
contaminated with germander, which can cause liver damage.[7] American
skullcap has been implicated in some cases of liver damage.[8]
Arnica (Arnica montana, also known as "Leopard's Bane" or "Dog's Bane")




It is effective for topical application to treat minor burns and some skin
problems, but may possibly be too dangerous to use internally as a laxative for
constipation.[5] Aloe was formerly promoted by some CAM practitioners as a
cancer treatment, but it is ineffective, and some patients died after receiving
aloe injections.[5]
American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora)


Used in traditional Chinese medicine for rheumatism, bruises, arthritis, acute
hypothermia, diarrhea, impotence, and yang imbalance.[2] There isn't enough
evidence to know if it's good for anything.[3]
Aconite is very poisonous, and ingestion may lead to nausea, vomiting,
weakness, sweating, breathing problems, heart problems, and death.[4] Topical
use can also cause severe side effects.[4]
Used for skin problems, but is not effective.[9]
Topical arnica is generally safe, but "repeated use can cause skin reactions,
severe inflammation, itching, blisters, skin ulcers, and other allergy-related
skin problems."[9] Arnica can cause irritation when used on broken skin.[9]
Arnica is extremely toxic and shouldn't be taken internally.
Asian ginseng[wp] (Panax ginseng)


The oriental wonder plant. Cures everything from feeling tired to being dead
for a hundred years.[10] Ginseng is effective for improving thinking skills,
erectile dysfunction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms. [11]
A specific cream containing ginseng can help with premature ejaculation.[11]
Side effects may include insomnia, or, more rarely, menstrual problems, breast
pain, increased heart rate, high or low blood pressure, headache, loss of
appetite, diarrhea, itching, rash, dizziness, mood changes, vaginal bleeding,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (a severe rash), liver damage, severe allergic
reactions[11], mania and psychosis[12]. Panax ginseng contains a substance that
has been found to cause birth defects in animals.[11]
[edit] B

Bilberry (Vaccinium spp.)



Birthwort (Aristolochia spp.)



May be effective as a topical treatment for fungus infections.[19]
Internal use may increase risk of high blood pressure, fainting, heart attack,
stroke, and other severe side effects, especially if taken with caffeine.[19]
Black walnut (Juglans nigra)


Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (for various things, including
eczema)[15] and Ayurveda. It contains aristolochic acid,[wp] (AA) which is a
known carcinogen, and causes kidney failure and upper urinary tract cancer.[16]
Birthwort is considered to be a significant cause of kidney failure and upper
urinary tract cancer in Taiwan,[16] because of the popularity of herbal medicine
there (approximately 33% of Taiwan's herbal medicine prescriptions contain
aristolochic acid,[16] and AA has been ingested by approximately 33% of
Taiwan's population.)[17] In Switzerland, a weight loss spa using TCM herbs
gave its clients herbal supplements containing birthwort, and as a result, 105
out of 1800 of its patients developed kidney failure, and several also
developed upper urinary tract cancer.[18]
European birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis) was also used as a medicinal
plant and contains aristolochic acid. It has been linked to thousands of cases of
kidney failure (Balkan endemic nephropathy[wp]) in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Serbia.
Bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium)



Claimed to be good for eye problems and night vision. Not effective for night
vision, and possibly not effective for eye problems.[13] Prescribed for diarrhea
and inflammation in Germany.
Small doses are safe. Some negative interaction with prescribed
anticoagulants.[14]
Claimed to be good for killing parasites (such as worms), and treating acne,
thyroid disease, colitis, eczema, hemorrhoids, ringworm, sore throats,
tonsillitis, skin irritations, wounds, and curing cancer.[20] Unfortunately, there
is absolutely no evidence to support any of these assertions.[21] There is
insufficient research to determine what side effects it has or whether it is
effective for anything.
Betelnut (Areca catechu nuts, wrapped and eaten with Piper betel leaves and lime
(calcium hydroxide))




A flushed face with mild euphoria which lasts a few minutes but the bitterness
offsets the benefits. Used in traditional Chinese medicine for deworming[22]
and in SE Asia to colour teeth. It's also apparently "widely used in
Ayurveda".[23]
Prolonged use can lead to mouth, liver, cervical, stomach, prostate, lung, and
sweat gland cancer.[24][25][26][27] Other side effects of betel nut/leaf include skin
color changes, dilated pupils, blurred vision, wheezing/difficulty breathing,
increased breathing rate, salivation, increased tearing, incontinence, sweating,
diarrhea, fever, confusion, problems with eye movement, psychosis, amnesia,
stimulant effects, and a feeling of euphoria.[24] It can also cause dependence,
and withdrawal can cause anxiety or memory lapse.[24] Betel nut chewing can
cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, chest pain, irregular
heartbeats, high or low blood pressure, and irregular heart beats.[24]
Usage may be associated with other diseases (HIV/AIDS, dengue fever,
tuberculosis, and typhoid) due to immunosuppression, injury to the oral
mucosa, and associated fecal-oral contamination of the betel quid
ingredients.[28]
Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa)

Side effects may include stomach upset, cramping, headache, rash, a feeling of
heaviness, vaginal spotting or bleeding, and weight gain.[29]
[edit] C

Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa or Uncaria guianensis)


Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus)




A claimed cure-all for HIV, cancer, you name it, and as usual it's a load of
hogwash. It may have an unwanted effect on blood pressure.
Used internally for sedation, gallstone prevention, intestinal and digestive
problems, liver disease, and eye irritation,[30] and topically for ringworm,
warts, and corns.[31] Also, "liver diseases; has been used for inflammation of
the gallbladder, inflammation of the bilary duct, loss of appetite, jaundice,
hepatitis, dropsy, gout, arthritis, rheumatism, fevers, spasmodic coughs,
bronchitis, asthma, intestinal polyps, breast lumps, angina, cramps,
arteriosclerosis, gout, water retention, skin eruptions, scurvy, ulcers, cancers
(specifically skin and stomach). [...] The tincture has been used for liver
problems, facial, head, and shoulder neuralgia, constipation."[32]
There is no evidence to support any of the above claims.[30][31] However, a
specific herbal mixture, which contains celandine along with several other
herbs, may be effective for dyspepsia.[31]
May cause hepatitis.[30][31] (And it's claimed to be good for liver problems...)
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria)

A buttercup-like plant unrelated to the Greater Celandine, one of the poppy
family; traditionally used to treat piles; rare cases of hepatitis after use.[33]


Chamomile (Chrysanthemum spp.) See Roman chamomile
Chaparral (Larrea divaricata coville)



Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae spp.)




Most of the spice sold in the U.S. as culinary cinnamon is from the species
Cinnamonium cassia, a.k.a. Chinese cinnamon.
Claims: Lowers LDL cholestrol, maintains blood sugar, promotes appetite for
elderly and sick, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, stops tumor
growth, anti inflammatory, arthritis, hair loss and bladder infections, colds,
upset stomach, and even pimples.[37]
Truth: Apparently, it really does stop tumor growth - when it is injected into
tumors in mice. Clearly, it's not really a home remedy.[38] The indications are
quite good that it has an effect on blood sugar, however the details remain
unknown.[39] None of the other claims seem to hold up, however.
Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)



Insufficient research to evaluate efficacy.[36] Chrysanthemum can cause the
skin to be more sensitive to the sun.[36]
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.)


Used for lots of things, including cancer.[34] Chaparral is not effective for
cancer and not known to be effective for anything else, either.[35] One CAM
site claims it's good for lots of unrelated illnesses and only has "temporary
unpleasant side effects",[34] but it's actually very dangerous.
Can cause fatal liver damage and kidney failure.[35] Other side effects may
include fatigue, stomach pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fever, itching, rash, and
allergic reactions.[35] Despite the title of that old cowboy serial, Chaparral
cannot get you high.
Used as an anesthetic in dentistry. Generally safe.
However, large amounts of cloves or clove oil may cause nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, burns in the mouth and throat, sore throat, seizures,
difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, sleepiness, intestinal bleeding, and liver
or kidney failure.[40] More serious side effects may occur in children, even
when small amounts are used.[40] "Excessive application of undiluted clove oil
on or near the teeth may cause irritation or damage to the gums or mouth and
may damage the dental pulp, the soft core of the tooth, made up of living soft
tissue and cells. [...] Undiluted clove oil may cause skin irritation, rashes, or
even burns. Clove oil can cause blindness in laboratory animals, so keep clove
preparations away from the eyes."[40]
Coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca)

Used for nasal congestion in powdered form pain relief and altitude sickness
in the Andes. Otherwise known as cocaine when refined. Side effects include
turning into a yuppie, or a celebrity.



Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)



Not enough research has been done to evaluate efficacy.[43] Used as an
expectorant and for coughs. Coltsfoot cigarettes are used for asthma.[44]
Can cause liver damage and cancer.[45] Coltsfoot supplements that are labeled
"PA-free" (meaning without pyrrolizidine alkaloids) are better, but their safety
is unknown.
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)



Endorsed by Pope Leo XIII (coca-infused Vin Mariani)[41], also enjoyed by
Pope Pius X (Vin Mariani) and Pope John Paul II (coca tea)[42]
Not to be confused with cocoa or coconuts.
Used internally for stomach problems and topically for wounds, though its
effectiveness for these uses has not been studied.[46]
Can cause liver damage leading to death.[47] Comfrey contains compounds
called pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which have been shown by animal studies to
cause liver tumours, so the plant may also cause cancer in humans.[46] Even
topical use may lead to a dangerous build-up in the body of some of the herb's
poisonous substances, so long-term use is not advised.[47]
Country mallow (Sida cordifolia)


Not enough research to evaluate efficacy.[48] Used in Ayurvedic medicine.[49]
Country mallow contains ephedrine, which is also found in ephedra, and may
cause ephedrine-related side effects like high blood pressure, heart attacks,
muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness,
and death.[50][48] Other side effects may include dizziness, restlessness,
irritability, insomnia, headache, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, flushing,
tingling, difficulty urinating, kidney stones, and pounding heartbeat.[48] May
make anxiety, thyroid problems, and angina worse.
[edit] D

Dandelion (Taraxacum spp)





Known to be an effective diuretic,[51] claimed to help with digestive and liver
problems, but there has been no serious research of these claimed effects. The
entire plant is edible.
The plant has no harmful side effects aside from its diuretic properties, which
may interfere with certain medications, and or cause increased frequency of
changing pajamas and bedsheets.
Datura: See Jimson weed
Digitalis: See Foxgloves
Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens)

Effective for osteoarthritis pain.[52] Insufficient study has been done to
evaluate its effectiveness for anything else.[52]


Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
headaches, ringing in the ears, loss of appetite, and loss of taste.[52] Other side
effects may include allergic skin reactions, menstrual problems, and changes
in blood pressure.[52] Use of devil's claw during pregnancy is not advised, as it
may harm the fetus.[52]
Dong quai (Angelica sinensis)


Used in traditional Chinese medicine.
It may be dangerous to take dong quai in large amounts for a long time
because it contains carcinogens.[53] Dong quai can cause skin to be more
sensitive to sunlight, thus possibly increasing the risk of skin cancer.[53] It may
or may not act like estrogen in the body.[53] It can slow blood clotting and
increase the risk of bleeding, and so should not be taken less than 2 weeks
before surgery.[54] Dong quai may increase the risk of miscarriage.[54]
[edit] E

Echinacea (Echinacea spp.)



Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus)



Claimed to be effective for supporting the immune system and preventing and
treating colds and flus. It isn't.[55]
Side effects may include headache, dizziness, nausea, constipation, abdominal
pain, and rash.[55]
Like many other herbs, eleuthero is promoted for a wide variety of unrelated
conditions. There is no evidence to support its effectiveness in treating
anything.[56]
Side effects may include headache, diarrhea, nervousness, trouble sleeping,
raised blood pressure and increased heart rate. However, it may also lower
blood sugar levels. "Eleuthero may alter the amount of time it takes for
bleeding to stop."[56]
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica, also known as ma huang)



Used in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting sweating and the
treatment of upper respiratory tract infections during winter. Studies done on
the active chemicals of Ephedra/ma juang demonstrates that it speeds the
metabolism, thus, the reason for its use and abuse as a performance-enhancing
drug by athletes and for weight loss.[57]
Side effects may include dizziness, restlessness, anxiety, irritability, heart
pounding, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, hypertension,
insomnia, arrhythmia, nervousness, tremor, seizure, cerebrovascular event,
myocardial infarction, kidney stones, high blood pressure, heart attacks,
muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness,
death, and others.[57][58]
Dietary supplements containing ephedra are banned in the U.S. because they
pose "an unreasonable risk to health."[59]


European birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis) See Birthwort
Evening primrose oil (Oenothera spp.)



Useless for eczema,[60] but may help with breast pain.[61] Insufficient evidence
for any other conditions.
Side effects may include upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, and headache.[61]
Eyebright (Euphrasia spp.)


Used for eye problems.
Side effects may include confusion, headache, tearing, itching, redness, vision
problems, sneezing, nausea, toothache, constipation, cough, trouble breathing,
trouble sleeping (insomnia), sweating, and others.[62]
[edit] F


Female ginseng: See Dong quai
Feverfew[wp] (Tanacetum parthenium)



Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)


Effective mild painkiller. MedlinePlus Supplements notes that "Some
feverfew tablet products can contain little or no feverfew."[63]
Side effects may include upset stomach, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation,
bloating, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. Other reported side effects include
nervousness, dizziness, headache, trouble sleeping, joint stiffness, tiredness,
menstrual changes, rash, pounding heart, and weight gain.[63] Chewing raw
feverfew may lead to mouth ulcers, loss of taste, and swelling of the lips,
tongue, and mouth.[64]
Not enough research done to evaluate claims.[65]
Foxgloves (Digitalis spp.)


Used for heart problems. Is effective, but:
Whether or not a given quantity of digitalis contains enough digoxin to lead to
an overdose depends on the individual plant(s) it's from (each individual plant
(even in the same species) has a different digoxin content) so those using
digitalis are effectively playing Russian roulette. There is no way of knowing
if one pill is good, or if it will lead to an overdose and kill you. As
Encyclopedia.com puts it:
Foxglove is no longer used as a heart medicine because the therapeutic
dose and the lethal dose are very close. Seasonal variations in the level
of cardiac glycosides in the plant make the safe dose impossible to
estimate except by an experienced physician and prescriber of the herb
who monitors the patient on an hourly basis for signs of overdose. Few
living doctors and herbalists can safely use digitalis as a plant extract.
Specific standardized doses of pharmaceutical digoxin are used
instead.[66]


The solution is to use pure digoxin, if prescribed by a doctor, because the
doses are exactly measured.
Side effects may include irregular heart function and death.[67] Symptoms of
digitalis overdose may include "stomach upset, small eye pupils, blurred
vision, strong slow pulse, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, excessive urination,
fatigue, muscle weakness and tremors, stupor, confusion, convulsions,
abnormal heartbeats, and death. Long-term use of digitalis can lead to
symptoms of toxicity, including visual halos, yellow-green vision, and
stomach upset."[67]
[edit] G

Garlic[wp] (Allium sativum)




Germander (Teucrium spp.)




Claimed to be a good disinfectant. This effect is due not to the grapefruit seed
extract itself, which is not antimicrobial, but to contaminants/additives such as
benzethonium chloride and triclosan, which are frequently found in grapefruit
seed extract products.[71][72][73]
Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera)




Claimed to be effective for gout, fever, diarrhea, gallbladder problems, and
claimed to be useful for weight loss and as an antiseptic.[69] There is currently
insufficient evidence to evaluate these claims.[69]
May cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, and death.[70] A weight loss supplement sold in
France that contained germander caused several cases of hepatitis, and
because of this, the herb is banned in that country and others.
Ginseng[wp] (Panax spp.) See Asian ginseng or Dong quai (female ginseng)
Grapefruit seed extract (Citrus × paradisi)


Claims: Fights minor viral infections such as cold and sore throat, lowers
blood sugar and blood pressure, reduces risk of certain cancers.
Truth: Known antimicrobial effect in vitro, tests suggest some effect on throat
infections in greater-than-typical amounts. Cancer claims based on large-scale
statistics of incidence and diet, probably bullshit. Blood sugar and blood
pressure claims indeterminate. Seductive effect on body odor welldocumented and conclusive. Freshens breath for up to twelve hours.
Side effects may include: bad breath, a burning sensation in the mouth or
stomach, heartburn, gas, nausea, vomiting, body odor, diarrhea, and an
increased risk of bleeding.[68] "Asthma has been reported in people working
with garlic, and other allergic reactions are possible."[68]
Good for chronic venous insufficiency and edema.[74]
Side effects may include headache, itchy scalp, dizziness, and nausea.[75]
Graviola: see soursop.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis)



Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)



Used for weight loss.
Side effects may include stomach upset and constipation, and, in rare cases,
liver damage.[76] Caffeine-related side effects may include headache,
nervousness, sleep problems, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, irregular
heartbeat, tremor, heartburn, dizziness, ringing in the ears, convulsions,
confusion, and reduced absorption of iron from food.[76] Also implicated in
outbreaks of Britishness. Jolly splendid, indeed!
Claimed to be an "Anthelmintic; Antiscorbutic; Diaphoretic; Diuretic;
Emmenagogue; [...] Poultice; Purgative", and claimed to be good for stomach
problems and worms.[77][78] There is not enough evidence to evaluate these
claims.[78]
Groundsel is very toxic, and can cause liver damage, cancer, and birth
defects.[78] It should not be used.
Goldenseal[wp] (Hydrastis canadensis)


Used for "immune system boosting". The evidence doesn't suggest Goldenseal
is effective for any condition.[79]
Small doses are fine, except during pregnancy or breastfeeding, since
goldenseal might cause brain damage to the baby.[80] "High doses may cause
breathing problems, paralysis, and even death. Long-term use may lead to
vitamin B deficiency, hallucinations, and delirium."[81] It may also affect blood
pressure unpredictably because it contains several different compounds that
have opposite effects on blood pressure.[81] It can also make you more
sensitive to light.[81]
[edit] H

Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)





Used for pain, Parkinson's disease symptoms, and ulcers.[82] It is also smoked
to "cure" asthma and bronchitis[82] (sounds familiar). There is no evidence to
support its use for any of these conditions.[83]
Henbane is toxic, and when used for self-treatment may result in fatal
poisoning.
Side effects may include dry mouth, red skin, constipation, overheating,
reduced sweating, vision disturbances, increased heart rate, urination
problems, drowsiness, restlessness, hallucinations, delirium, manic episodes,
and death. Mostly death.
For a while, henbane berries were used in the manufacture of an herbal beer
flavoring called "gruit," which was flavored with various sweet and bitter
herbs, before people began using hops. Fell out of favor during the Middle
Ages when the Reinheitsgebot declared that all beers in the Holy Roman
Empire could only be made with barely, hops, water, and yeast.[84]
Horny goat weed (Epimedium spp.)



Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)



Used for erectile dysfunction.[85] Can prevent bone loss in postmenopausal
women.[86] Has totally awesome name.
Evidence of side effects is largely anecdotal, and range from irregular
heartbeat to mood changes.[87]
Standardized horse chestnut seed extract is good for varicose veins, chronic
venous insufficiency, and symptoms of poor blood circulation.[88]
Standardized, esculin-free horse chestnut seed extract is mostly safe, with side
effects including dizziness, headache, stomach upset, and itching.[88] It may
lower blood sugar.[88][89] Raw horse chestnut seed, leaf, bark, and flower, on
the other hand, are toxic and can be lethal.[88]
Horsetail (Equisetum sp.)


Insufficient research done on efficacy.[90]
Side effects of long-term use may include thiamine deficiency (beriberi), low
potassium levels, and (in diabetics) low blood sugar.[90] Horsetail contains
chromium and may increase the risk of chromium poisoning if taken with
chromium-containing herbs like bilberry, brewer's yeast, or cascara.[91]
Symptoms of beriberi may include difficulty walking, loss of feeling
(sensation) in hands and feet, loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower
legs, mental confusion/speech difficulties, pain, strange eye movements
(nystagmus), tingling, vomiting, awakening at night short of breath, increased
heart rate, shortness of breath with activity, and swelling of the lower legs.[92]
Beriberi, if caught early enough, can usually be reversed, but possible
complications of beriberi may include coma, congestive heart failure,
psychosis, and death.[92] Because of the possibility of thiamine deficiency,
people consuming horsetail should take thiamine supplements.
[edit] I

Impila (Callilepsis laureola)




A traditional Zulu remedy used for tapeworm, snakebites, infertility,
whooping cough, and to kill maggots in cattle. It is also used as a
disinfectant.[93]
It can cause fatal kidney and/or liver failure.[94]
Indian Madder: See Madder Root
Indian Tobacco: See Lobelia
[edit] J

Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)

Insufficient evidence to evaluate efficacy.[95] Jimson weed leaves are smoked
for asthma.[96]

Jimson weed is poisonous and can cause dry mouth and extreme thirst, vision
problems, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate, hallucinations, high
temperature, seizures, confusion, loss of consciousness, breathing problems,
and death.[95] "The deadly dose for adults is 15-100 grams of leaf or 15-25
grams of the seeds."[95]
[edit] K

Kava (Piper methysticum)


Effective for anxiety.[97]
Side effects may include liver damage leading to death, even with short-term
use (1-3 months) of normal doses,[97] and sedation, oral and lingual dyskinesia,
torticollis, oculogyric crisis, exacerbation of Parkinson's disease, painful
twisting movements of the trunk, and rash.[58]
[edit] L

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
The University of Maryland Medical Center lists a large number of possible medicinal uses
of the licorice plant, saying licorice "has been used in both Eastern and Western medicine to
treat a variety of illnesses...It acts as a demulcent, a soothing, coating agent, and as an
expectorant, meaning it helps get rid of phlegm."
It has side effects in large quantities: Bad for heart disease, kidney disease, pregnant
women, male sexual function, among others, and there are many other side effects.
Taking a lot of licorice can cause brain damage even in healthy people.
Side effects may include include tiredness, absence of a menstrual period in women,
headache, water and sodium retention, decreased sexual interest and function in men,
miscarriages or early deliveries, and raised blood pressure. It can also make heart and
kidney disease worse.[98]


According to MedlinePlus Supplements, "Consuming 30 grams or more of
licorice daily for several weeks can cause severe side effects including high
blood pressure, low potassium in the blood, weakness, paralysis, and
occasionally brain damage in otherwise healthy people. In people who eat a lot
of salt or have heart disease, kidney disease, or high blood pressure, as little as
5 grams per day can cause these problems."[98] Licorice "might act like
estrogen in the body. If you have any condition [such as breast cancer, uterine
cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids] that might be made
worse by exposure to estrogen, don’t use licorice."[98] Licorice can interact
with grapefruit juice, possibly increasing its ability to deplete human
potassium levels, and licorice's side effects of sodium and water retention and
increase in blood pressure can worsen if taken with salt.[98]

Licorice can interact with heart medicines, steroids, diuretics, or insulin.[99]
Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis)



Used for epileptic seizures, strokes, angina, conjunctivitis, leprosy, and heart
problems.[100] Not enough study has been done to evaluate any of the
claims.[101]
The plant is poisonous and can be fatal. Doses must be very specific and
prescribed by a professional (although what with the lack of evidence, what's
the point?) Self-medication or wrong doses may result in blurred vision,
excessive urination at night, halos around objects, diarrhea, Loss of appetite,
Stomach pain, Vomiting or nausea, irregular or slow heartbeat confusion,
depression, disorientation, drowsiness, fainting, headache, lethargy, weakness,
rash, and hives.[102]
Lobelia (Lobelia inflata)


Used for asthma, bronchitis, cough, and smoking cessation.[103] Not enough
study has been done to verify lobelia's effectiveness for any of these.
Side effects may include profuse sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
tremors, rapid heartbeat, mental confusion, convulsions, hypothermia, coma,
and death.[103] It's not called Indian Tobacco for nothing.
[edit] M


Ma huang: See Ephedra.
Madder root (Rubia tinctorum)



Marijuana (Cannabis spp.)


Sometimes used in herbal medicine as an "astringent diuretic, emmenagogue",
and claimed to be good for many conditions, including alkaline urine,
diarrhea, inflammation, wounds, broken bones, fever, and many
others.[104][105][106] There is no evidence to support the use of madder root for
any of these conditions.[107] The root is used in Ayurveda and Hildegard
medicine. Madder root is also used for dyeing fabrics.
May cause cancer, birth defects, and miscarriages.[107] It can also make urine,
saliva, perspiration, tears, and breast milk turn red. One wonders if happier
root would be any better.
Effects may include mild euphoria, relaxed muscles, increased appetite
and...wait, what? Did I say that out loud? Whoa... Have you ever looked at
your hand? I mean REALLY looked at your hand? side effects include paranoia
and apathy. Marijuana and other cannabis products have little or no 'healing'
purposes, but may relieve symptoms of other conditions or diseases. It is
considered one of the safest substances of abuse known to men, including
legal drugs, such as alcohol and coffee.
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)


Consumed as a beverage.
Non-caffeine-related side effects include an increased risk of mouth,
esophageal, laryngeal, kidney, bladder, and lung cancer.[108] Caffeine-related
ones include insomnia, nervousness and restlessness, stomach upset, nausea


Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)



Used as a liver protectant, and sometimes for irritable bowel syndrome.
Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, bloating, gas, and upset
stomach.[109]
Mistletoe (Viscum album)



and vomiting, increased heart rate and breathing, high blood pressure,
headache, ringing in the ears, irregular heartbeats, slowed blood clotting, and
worsened diarrhea.[108]
Best remove it from your diet.
Claimed to be good for cancer prevention, hypertension, and insomnia.[110]
Mistletoe isn't effective for cancer; insufficient research has been done to
evaluate the other claims.[111]
When small amounts are taken, it is safe, with mild side effects of headaches,
fever, and chills.[112] Large amounts are toxic and can be fatal; symptoms may
include seizures, coma, death, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, stomach
pain, diarrhea, slow or irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, and
drowsiness.[112]
Mu Tong (Caulis aristolochiae)


Used in traditional Chinese medicine for "relieving excess fire" and
"stimulating the secretion of milk".[113]
May cause fatal kidney failure because, like birthwort, it contains aristolochic
acid.[114]
[edit] N

Neem (Azadirachta indica)


Not known to be effective for anything.[115]
Safe when taken short-term by adults.[115] Neem is contraindicated for
children, because it can cause vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, blood disorders,
seizures, loss of consciousness, coma, brain disorders, and death.[115] Highdose or long-term internal use by adults is dangerous, and can harm the
kidneys and liver, lower blood sugar, and cause infertility and
miscarriages.[115]
[edit] O

Oil of oregano

A herbal supplement often vaunted as an anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-bacterial,
abortifactant, anti-asthma, anti-malaria, antioxidant and anti-cold/flu/headache
medication (take your pick). While it has a higher rate of success on malaria
and bacteria on the skin than normal water, it has significantly less sucess than
any standard over-the-counter antibiotic or medicinal anti-malaria drug.[116] As


with most woo, there is always a glint of truth that gets warped into $$$$$.[117]
It is a good antioxidant, but not more so than raw oregano, which tastes better
and makes wicked salads. And, despite its name, it tastes absolutely foul (as
this user will attest).
Side effects may include gastrointestinal issues and allergic
reactions.[citation needed]
Oleander (Nerium oleander)


Insufficient research to evaluate efficacy.[118] Used for muscle cramps, asthma,
cancer, and AIDS.[119][120]
Oleander leaf is poisonous, and can cause fatal heart failure. Symptoms may
include nausea, vomiting, colic, appetite loss, dizziness, drowsiness, high
potassium levels, dilated pupils, bloody diarrhea, seizures, loss of
consciousness, slow or irregular pulse, and heart block.[120] Oleander seeds are
also toxic, as is the rest of the plant, sap, twigs, roots, etc.[118]
[edit] P

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)





Pennyroyal[wp] (Lamiaceae)



Sometimes used for home abortions, but its effectiveness for this has not been
scientifically studied.
The claims: Parsley is touted as a general anti-toxin,[121] control blood
pressure, cure diabetes,[122] urinary tract infections, prevents cancer, stimulates
contractions of the uterus, cures rheumatism, treats kidney and bladder
stones,[123] and can even remove tooth aches.
The truth: Surprisingly, it is dangerous for women, as it can cause the uterus to
contract prematurely and should not be inserted into or rubbed near the uterus.
It is also helpful for treating cancer patients, as it contains high levels of
apiginin, which prevent blood from reaching the tumor.[124] And it has mild
anti microbial-use - on those days when you can't run to your medicine cabinet
and grab a tube of far more effective antibiotic.
It is harmless when taken in the small amounts found in food, but the large
amounts used in herbal medicine may cause anemia and liver or kidney
problems, and make water retention, high blood pressure, and kidney disease
worse.[125] Topically applied parsley oil can make skin become more sensitive
to sunlight and cause a rash.[125]
Used in various ways, such as for inducing miscarriages and deworming.
There is no evidence to support the effectiveness of pennyroyal for anything
besides abortions[126] (but see note below).
The essential oil is toxic and can be fatal if ingested.
Peppermint oil (Mentha piperita)

Used for gastrointestinal problems.


Side effects may include heartburn, and, more rarely, nausea, vomiting,
headache, flushing, mouth irritation/sores, severe stomach/abdominal pain,
and anal burning during bouts of diarrhea.[127][128]
Primrose oil: See Evening primrose oil.
[edit] R

Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)


Moderate sedative/relaxant, may reduce flatulence.[129]
May cause miscarriages.[129]
[edit] S

Sassafras (Lauraceae spp.)



Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens)



Effective for constipation.[132]
Short-term use may cause stomach discomfort, cramps, and diarrhea.[132]
Long-term use (over two weeks) can stop the bowels from functioning
properly and cause dependence; it may also cause heart function disorders,
muscle weakness, liver damage, and other side effects.[132]
Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) See Eleuthero
Soursop (Annona muricata)


Extract of the fruit of a fan palm. Taken for BPH (benign prostatic
hyperplasia) a.k.a. Getting up 5 times at night to piss. Some studies assert its
effectiveness.
Senna (Cassia angustifolia)




Claimed to be effective for joint pain and preventing colds and flus.[130] There
is no evidence to support its use for these conditions.[131]
Sassafras is poisonous, and even 5ml can be fatal. Side effects may include
cancer, liver damage and miscarriages. Also, sweating and hot flashes. "High
amounts can cause vomiting, high blood pressure, hallucinations, and more
severe side effects. It can cause skin rashes when used on the skin."[131]
A tropical fruit touted as a "wonder cure" for cancer.[133] Despite some
promising results, there are no definite conclusions in this area.[134] There are,
however, definite indicators of a neurotoxic effect, with symptoms similar to
Parkinsonism.[135]
Skullcap: See American skullcap, Chinese skullcap. European skullcap is used there
as a substitute for American skullcap, and has similar ingredients.
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)


Squill (Urginea maritime)



Not enough research to evaluate efficacy for anything.[137] Used for heart
problems, bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough, and wounds.
The herb is cardiotoxic and can be lethal, with side effects including stomach
irritation, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, vision changes,
depression, confusion, hallucinations, irregular heartbeat, skin rash,
miscarriages, seizures, life-threatening abnormal heart rhythms, and death.[137]
Stevia (Asteraceae spp.)



May contribute to kidney stone formation by increasing the amount of oxalate
in the urine.[136]
Used as a sweetener.
Usually no side effects, but rare ones may include bloating, nausea, dizziness,
muscle pain, and numbness.[138]
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)


Regarded by herbalists as an effective treatment for depression (even though it
isn't).[139] May interfere with effectiveness of other drugs.[140]
St John's wort may cause cataracts in people exposed to visible or ultraviolet
light after taking it.[141] Other side effects may include gastrointestinal
disturbances, allergic reactions, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, dry mouth,
photosensitivity[58], mania and psychosis[12]
[edit] T


Tea: see Green tea
Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)



Used topically (and is effective) for fungal infections, acne, and athlete's
foot.[142] Tea tree oil is, however, less effective than medications for curing
athlete's foot.[142]
Side effects may include skin irritation and swelling, and "in people with acne,
it can sometimes cause skin dryness, itching, stinging, burning, and
redness."[142] Applying products containing both tea tree and lavender oil to
prepubescent boys may cause gynecomastia (larger breasts).[142] Tea tree oil is
highly toxic when ingested, even in small quantities, so it should never be
taken by mouth.
Tobacco (Nicotiana spp.)

'Nuff said.
[edit] V

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)


May work for insomnia.[143]
Side effects may include headache, excitability, uneasiness, and, in some
cases, insomnia.[143] Some multi-herb remedies containing valerian have been
linked to liver damage.[144]
[edit] W

Willow bark (Salix spp.)



Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)



Insufficient research to evaluate efficacy.[148] Used for asthma, rheumatism,
and headache.[149]
Wintergreen is safe, but internally taken wintegreen oil is toxic and can cause
ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, stomach pain,
confusion, and death.[148][150] (Wintergreen oil contains methyl salicylate, and
5 mL of the oil is equivalent to about 21.5 aspirin tablets.)[150] Topical use can
cause skin irritation.[148]
Woad (Isatis tinctoria)




Used for pain relief (and is effective, obviously).
Side effects may include: stomach upset, digestive system upset, itching, an
increased risk of children developing Reyes syndrome, ulcers, stomach
bleeding, and liver toxicity.[145][146][147] (No better than aspirin, then.) Side
effects from overdosing may include skin rash, stomach
inflammation/irritation, nausea, vomiting, kidney inflammation, and tinnitus
(ringing in the ears).[146] Willow bark can be anywhere from 0.08% to 12.6%
salicin (the active ingredient).[146]
In addition to producing a blue dye, woad has alleged medicinal uses.
Chemicals from woad might be used to prevent cancer, as woad can produce
high levels of glucobrassicin.[151] Young leaves when damaged can produce
more glucobrassicin, up to 65 times as much.[152]
Indigo woad Root is a traditional Chinese medicine herb that comes from the
roots of woad, but often incorrectly listed under the synonymic name, Isatis
indigotica. It is also known as Radix isatidis. The herb is cultivated in various
regions of northern China. The roots are harvested during the autumn and
dried. The dried root is then processed into granules, which are most
commonly consumed dissolved in hot water or tea. The product, called
Banlangen Keli, is very popular throughout China, and used to remove toxic
heat, soothe sore throat and to treat influenza, measles, mumps, syphilis, or
scarlet fever. It is also used for pharyngitis, laryngitis, erysipelas, and
carbuncle, and to prevent hepatitis A, epidemic meningitis, cancer and
inflammation.[citation needed]
Possible minor side effects include allergic reactions and dizziness; only large
dosages or long term usage can be toxic to the kidneys.
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)


Used for intestinal worms (but is not effective).[153]
Side effects of large doses may include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain,
headache, dizziness, seizures, numbness of the legs and arms, delirium,
paralysis, and kidney and liver failure.[153]
[edit] Y

Yerba mate: See Mate
[edit] Multi-herb mixtures
This list is mainly for TCM remedies that consist of multiple plants.
[edit] F

Fo ti: See he shou wu
[edit] H

He shou wu

Claimed to be a cure for baldness and grey hair, as well as being promoted as
a immune system booster (though he shou wu contains emodin, a possibly
immunosuppresant substance).[154] There's not enough evidence to evaluate
claims.[154]
[edit] J

Jin bu huan


Used as a sedative and analgesic, and for asthma, bronchitis, night blindness,
delirium, epilepsy, vertigo, fever and inflammation.[155] The herbs used vary,
but can include Lycopodium serratum, Panax, Pseudo ginseng, Polygala
chinensis and two species of Stephania.[155]
May cause hepatitis.[155] It is sometimes contaminated with lead.[156][157]
[edit] L

Long dan xie gan wan: See Xie gan wan
[edit] X

Xie gan wan (also known as Long dan xie gan wan)

Used for acne, among other things. It contains birthwort and can cause kidney
failure and cancer.[158]
These treatments have not generally been evaluated clinically.