Spring Semester Exam Review
7C Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces changes in POPULATIONS, not
individuals.
7D Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection including inherited variation, the
potential to produce more offspring than can survive and a finite supply of environmental
resources result in differential reproductive success.
7E Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation, and to the
development of diversity in and among species.
Q14: What is fitness?
-
The ability of an organism to ___________________ and ____________________.
Q15: In each example, circle the organism that has the HIGHEST FITNESS.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
White moths or dark moths (during the Industrial revolution)
Tan mice or black mice (in the desert)
Short-neck giraffes or long-neck giraffes (in the safari with tall trees)
Plants w/ lots of leafs or Cactus w/ no leafs (in the desert)
Hummingbirds with short beaks or hummingbirds with long beaks.
Q16: What is inherited variation?
Q17: Write the variation for each trait:
-
Mice fur color: _____________________________________
Bird’s beak size: ____________________________________
Giraffe’s neck length: ________________________________
Q18: Circle what happens to the organisms in the population when the organism is most fit?
Survive, reproduce
or
dies off
Q19: What happens to the organisms in the population when the organism is least fit/
Survive, reproduce
or
dies off
Q20. Explain how the population shift towards a specific trait (evolution) using the terms fitness,
variation, and natural selection.
Q21. In each example, circle which trait will nature favor and the population will have more of over
time?
a. White, tan, or black mice
( in the tan sand of the desert)
b. Lions with dull molars/weak body frames OR Lions with sharp molars/strong body frames
c. Long neck giraffes, medium-neck giraffes, OR short-neck giraffes
Q22. Why do turtles lay more eggs than can survive? (hint: think about what happens to a lot of them as
they travel to the ocean after they hatch)
Q23: What is an adaptation?
Q24: Describe an example of an adaptation that favors organisms’ in their habitat (i.e. hawks have strong
talons to catch their prey)
Q25: How do adaptations relate to natural selection (Is nature going to favor that trait in the population?)
Q25Circle which traits are favored by nature in:
Stabilizing selection:
low extreme
middle trait
Directional selection (shift to the left): low extreme
middle trait
Directional selection: (shift to the right): low extreme
middle trait
Disruptive selection:
middle trait
low extreme
high extreme
high extreme
high extreme
high extreme
7F Analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary mechanisms including genetic drift, gene
flow, mutations, and recombination.
Q26: Define genetic drift.
Examples of Genetic Drift
Q27: Match the scenario to the term.
1.
a. Founder’s effect
2.
b. Gene flow
3.
c. Bottleneck event
Q29: What affect does genetic drift have on the DIVERSITY (the differences amongst) of a population?
Mutations
Q30: What is a mutation?
Q31: How does mutations affect evolution?
Recombination – the crossing over of genetic material on sister chromatids prior to meiosis (the
formation of gametes)
Q32: Does recombination increase or decrease variation?
Q33: How does recombination affect evolution?
7G Analyze and evaluate scientific explanation concerning the complexity of the cell.
Endosymbiosis
Q34: In your own words, describe the endosymbiotic theory.
Q35 Circle two examples of ENGULFED prokaryotes:
a. Chloroplast
b. Nucleus
c. Ribosome
d. golgi apparatus
e. mitochondria
f. centrosome
7B Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis
and sequential nature of groups in the fossil record.
Fossil Record
Index fossil – an important, keystone fossil used to identify and identify specific geological periods
Q36: Draw the rock that is the oldest.
Q37: Draw the rock that is highly evolved.
Gradualism, Punctuated Equilibrium, and Adaptive Radiation
Q37: Match the image to the sequential nature of evolution
1. Gradualism – evolution occurs
over a long period of time
2. Punctuated equilibrium – long periods of
no change (stasis) followed by a rapid
evolutionary change
3. Adaptive radiation – several different species
stem from a single ancestral species
a.
b.
c.
7A Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil
record, biogeography, and homologies including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
Common ancestry – most recent individual that other species have evolved from
Q38: Label the following Evidences for common ancestry:
Word Bank: Fossil Record, Homologous Structure, Analogous structure, Vestigial structures
Q39: What does a vestigial structure tell us about its common ancestor?
Q40 Circle what type of structure: same anatomical structure, different function
Analogous
OR
Homologous
Q41 Circle what type of structure: different anatomical structure, same function
Analgous
OR
Homologous
Developmental homology: Embryology
Q43 Since human embryos develop similarly to rabbit embryos rather than snake embryos, what does that
evidence say about our common ancestry with rabbits versus snakes?
8A Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the
scientific community.
8B Categorize organisms using a hierarchical ytem based on similarities and differences shared
among the groups.
8C Compare characteristics of taxonomic group including archae, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants,
and animals.
Q44: What is taxonomy?
Q45: Why is having taxonomic groups (taxons)
important?
Binomial Nomenclature - uniform and accurate way to
name organisms using the “Genus species” format
Q46 Circle the correct scientific name:
a. Dog OR Canis familiaris
b. Felis familiaris OR cat
c. Lion OR Panthero leo
d. Cervus camelopardalis OR camel
Q47 Why is binomial nomenclature important? (hint: is a seahorse really a type of horse? Think about
different countries and what their scientists call different species)
Taxonomic Groups
Q48 Complete the tables.
Characteristics
Phyla
Uni-, multi- cellular, or
Both
Nucleus or No Nucleus
Hetero- Auto- troph, or
both
Three Kingdoms
Eukarya
Archae
_________, ________
Archaebacteria
_________, _______
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Four Phyla of Eukarya
Characteristics
Fungi
Protist
Plants
Animals
Hetero-, autotroph, or both
Have cell walls?
Yes or No
Uni- Multicellular or Both
Q49 List the FOUR of the six phyla that use chloroplasts to make their own food using the sunlight as
energy? (hint: are they autotrophic or heterotrophic)
Cladogram
Q50 In cladograms, are derived characters shown in the
MORE RECENT organisms or the OLDER organisms?
Q51 Which 2 organisms do not have lungs?
Q52 Which organism is most closely related to the
chimp?
Dichotomous key
Q53Which organisms have feathers?
Q54 Which organism swims?
Q54 Which organism has no feathers, nor legs?
11B Investigate and analyze how organisms, populations, and communities respond to external
factors.
11C Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of
organisms and ecosystems.
Q55 Order the following from exclusive to inclusive (smallest to largest):
Population
Organism
Ecosystem
Community
Biosphere
Q56 Label as either an biotic or Abiotic factor.
a. Soil
____________ e. Lions ________________
b. Light _____________ f. decomposers __________________
c. Rocks _____________ g. bacteria ___________________
Q56: What distinguishes a community from an ecosystem?
Microorganisms – very-tiny microscopic organism in an ecosystem; can be bacteria, viruses, or in rare
cases small disease-causing protists
Q57. Label the microorganism as GOOD or BAD.
-
Bacteria that live in intestines that help break down food.
Gonnorhea
Bacteria in root nodules of plants that convert nitrogen into usable ammonia so plants can use it.
Bacteria that help make foods like yogurt and sausages
Flu virus
Bacteria that cause infections in plant’s leaves
Q58. A Pathogen is a microorganism that CAUSES DISEASE. Label the above as pathogen or nonpathogen.
Q59. Is AIDS a pathogen?
12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic level using various models including
food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids.
Q60: Label each side of the image as either a food chain
OR a food web.
Q61. Circle the # of paths a food chain has.
ONE or MANY
Q62. Circle the # of paths a food web has.
ONE or MANY
Q63 What are the producers in both pictures?
Ten-Percent Rule
Q64. How much energy is at the producer trophic level?
Q65. How much energy is at the secondary consumer
trophic level?
Q66 How much energy do the owls have?
12F Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability.
Q67 Which is a more healthy ecosystem?
Less diversity OR More diversity
Q67 Determine if the following situations would be GOOD or BAD for the ecosystem stability.
-
Acid rain
Volcanoes erupting
Toxins from run off (i.e. DDT)
- fertilizing the grass
- equilibrium of predators and prey
Biomagnification – when toxins enter the ecosystem that have a magnifying detrimental affect on the
food chain
Q68 Which organism has the highest concentration of DDT toxin?
Phytoplankton, small fish, large fish, or hawk
Q69 Which organism has the least concentration of DDT toxin?
Phytoplankton, small fish, large fish, or hawk
12D Recognize that long-term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are
limited.
Key vocab: Resources (i.e. food, water, shelter), extinct (die out), mass extinction (large # of species die
off in a short period of time, endangered (about to be extinct)
12A Interpret relationships including predation, parasitism(+/-), commensalism(+/o),
mutualism(+/+), and competition among organisms.
Q70 Identify the symbiotic relationships as parasitism, commensalism, or mutualism.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Leeches sucking the blood out of organism
Leeches sucking the blood for medicinal purposes
Birds living in a tree
Orchids growing on a tree
Cleaning bird on a rhinoceros
Q71 Write an example of predation (predator-prey relationship).
Q72 Write an example of competition (i.e. competing for food, resources, shelter).
12B Compare variations and adaptation of organisms in different ecosystems.
Q73 COMPARE/CONTRAST the adaptations/variation of plants in the desert with plants in the
rainforest.
11D Describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change
populations and species diversity.
Q74 What is an example of a pioneer species?
Q75 What happens to the diversity of organisms as time
elapses during ecological succession?
INCREASES
or DECREASES
Q76 Which succession is where pioneer species grow on bare rock?
Primary or Secondary
Q77 Which succession is where pioneer species grow on soil after a fire or flood?
Primary or Secondary
12E Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the
consequences of disrupting these cycles.
Q78 Label the above
cycles as either
Carbon cycle or
nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen Cycle
Q79 Nitrogen fixation converts ____ to _____
Q80 What organisms do nitrogen fixation?
Q81 What do denitrifying bacteria convert?
Carbon cycle
Q82 What would happen to atmospheric carbon if …
a. More producers were added _____________________
b. Less factories ______________________
c. More animals _______________________
9C Identify and investigate the role of enzymes
Enzymes are catalysts (protein molecules that) speed up the
rate of chemical reactions
Enzymes are SPECIFIC to the reactions they catalyze
Enzymes are proteins, therefore they are 3D in shape and can be affected by different factors.
Q84 What will happen to pepsin if it moves out of the stomach and into the less acidic small intestine?
Q85 What will happen to the molecular structure of lipase if it is heated to very hot temperatures?
10C Analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each other and
to the whole systems
Q86 Fill in the blanks with the
appropriate level of organization
using
Tissue, cells, organ systems,
organism, organs
Q87 A tissue is a group of _________ together.
Q88 The liver is an organ; therefore it has different ________________ working together to filter out
toxins from the bloodstream.
9B Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respirations in terms of
energy and matter.
Organelle (circle one)
Plants, Animals, or Both
Ultimate Goal?
Q89 Complete the table above.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Mitochondria OR Chloroplast
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Mitochondria OR Chloroplast
To create _______________.
To convert sugar into _______
Q90 What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Q91 What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Q92 How do the products and reactants of these two processes compare/relate?
10A Describe the interaction that occurs among ystem that perform the functions of transport,
reproduction, and response in plants.
Q93 What structure of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
Q94 What is the main responsibility of the flower?
Q94 Sugar flows from the leaf/roots in the xylem / phloem (circle the correct answers)
Q95 Water flows from the leaf/roots in the xylem / phloem (circle the correct answers)
Response – tropisms
Q96 Identify and explain the following images as GRAVITROPISM, PHOTOTROPISM, or
THIGMOTROPISM.
1. ________________
2.
_________________
3. ______________________
10A Describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform function of regulation,
nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness
System
Digestive
Circulatory
Respiratory
Major Functions
Major Parts
Break down _____.
Absorb _______.
Expel ______.
Mouth  ______  Stomach
small intestine  __________
rectum  _______; pancreas,
gallbladder, liver
Transport oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and nutrients through
the body
Inhale _______,
Exhale _______.
Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm
Integumentary
Protection/barrier, temperature
regulation,
Skin, blood vessels, sebaceous
glands, sweat glands, nerves
Skeletal
Support, protection of internal
organs, formation of blood
cells
Voluntary and Involuntary
Movement.
Skeletal, smooth, and ________
muscle.
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Sends electric ______
throughout the body.
Releases ___________.
Involved in ______,
metabolism, _______ sugar
regulation.
Excretory
__________, thyroid, pancreas,
________, and testis
Filter ______ to get rid of
_________, ureter, _______,
________.
urethra
Produce ______
COMPLETE THE TABLE ABOVE BY FILLING IN THE BLANKS!
Q93 Write the interaction of TWO systems in the following scenarios:
(EXAMPLE: Running on the track: Nervous system causes muscle to contract.)
a. Breathing while asleep:
b. Digestion of sugar:
c. Warming your body when you’re cold: