Quiz
4. A frequency distribution of the number of defendants sentenced to death in each of the 30
states during the year 2001 would be depicted best in the form of a…frequency polygon.
Number of Executions per State, 2001
8
7
# of Executions
6
5
4
States
3
2
1
0
0
5
10
15
20
# of States
5. To show changes in violent crime rate from 1980 to the present, by year, a researcher would
use a…line chart.
Violent Crime Rate in the United States, 19802010
800
600
500
400
300
Violent Crime Rate
200
100
Year
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
0
1980
Violent Crime Rate
700
6. The local police department distributes a survey. In one part, it asks about citizens' fear of
crime measured as afraid/not afraid when in their street, neighborhood, park, and downtown
would use a…bar chart.
100%
Fear of Crime by Location
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
Afraid
40%
Not Afraid
30%
20%
10%
0%
Street
Neighborhood
Park
Downtown
Location
7. The police department wants to depict the percentage of crime occurring from 11 pm to 7 am,
7 am to 3 pm, and 3 pm to 11 pm would use a…piechart.
Crime Occurence by Time of Day
30%
11pm-7am
7am-3pm
56%
3pm-11pm
14%
8. An example of a histogram: Police exam scores
A researcher is interested in examining the impact of preschool education over the course of an
individual’s adolescence, particularly for crime. She found the following data:
# of Crimes Committed
Preschool No Crime No Crime %
1-2 Crimes
1-2 %
3+
3+ %
Total
Total %
Attended
435
79% 100
18% 15
3% 550
100%
Did not
attend
245
54% 185
41% 20
4% 450
100%
4% 1000
100%
Total
680
68% 285
28% 35
a. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
b. What percentage of adolescents committed 1-2 crimes?
c. Which group is more likely to have 3 or more crimes?
d. What percentage of those that attended preschool did not commit any crimes?
A researcher hypothesizes that sex offenders who complete voluntary cognitive behavior therapy while
incarcerated are less likely to recidivate within three years than those who do not.
Therapy Status
Recidivate
Completed
Completed %
Failed
Failed %
Total
Yes
25
20% 20
27% 45
23%
No
100
80% 55
73% 155
77%
Other
125
100% 75
100% 200
a. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
100%
b. What percentage of individuals who failed to complete treatment did not recidivate?
c. Which group is more likely to recidivate?
d. What percentage of individuals recidivated?
Total %
A researcher is interested in examining the impact of preschool education over the course of an
individual’s adolescence, particularly for crime. She found the following data:
# of Crimes Committed
Preschool No Crime No Crime %
1-2 Crimes
1-2 %
3+
3+ %
Total
Total %
Attended
435
79% 100
18% 15
3% 550
100%
Did not
attend
245
54% 185
41% 20
4% 450
100%
4% 1000
100%
Total
680
68% 285
28% 35
a. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
IV: Preschool attendance
DV: Crimes committed
b. What percentage of adolescents committed 1-2 crimes?
28%
c. Which group is more likely to have 3 or more crimes?
Those that did not attend
d. What percentage of those that attended preschool did not commit any crimes?
79%
A researcher hypothesizes that sex offenders who complete voluntary cognitive behavior therapy while
incarcerated are less likely to recidivate within three years than those who do not.
Therapy Status
Recidivate
Completed
Completed %
Failed
Failed %
Total
Yes
25
20% 20
27% 45
23%
No
100
80% 55
73% 155
77%
Other
125
100% 75
100% 200
a. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
IV: Therapy status
DV: Recidivate
b. What percentage of individuals who failed to complete treatment did not recidivate?
73%
c. Which group is more likely to recidivate?
Those who failed
d. What percentage of individuals recidivated?
23%
Total %
100%