[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
VPSD-04-03
Input from Bill Coleman for discussion in IG WLTP, IG VPSD and IG EVE:
A number of issues have arisen during the discussion of definitions in the above mentioned informal groups.



The definitions in gtr 15, although many have been in the text for a considerable time and should have
been reviewed by individuals, have never been subject to a review by the WLTP informal group.
There has been no formal process to compare the definitions in gtr 15 with others in the ’58 and ’98
agreements and in current legislation of the contracting parties, despite this being highlighted as a
priority by OICA at the beginning of the WLTP development.
As the subject of electrified vehicles is still in an evolutional phase and many definitions are carried
over to incentive systems, there is specific focus on the clarity and robustness of these EV-related
definitions.
The subject of definitions in legislation is of course one of precise and accurate wording, but also one of
concept and the concept of hierarchical definitions has been favoured by the IG VPSD. In terms of EV
definitions this is well illustrated by the definitions in ECE R101:
"Power train" means the system of energy storage device(s), energy converter(s) and transmission(s)
that converts stored energy to mechanical energy delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the
vehicle;
"Electric power train" means a system consisting of one or more electric energy storage devices (e.g.
a battery, electromechanical flywheel or super capacitor), one or more electric power conditioning
devices and one or more electric machines that convert stored electric energy to mechanical energy
delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the vehicle;
"Hybrid power train" means a power train with at least two different energy converters and two
different energy storage systems (on-board the vehicle) for the purpose of vehicle propulsion; .
"Hybrid electric power train" means a power train that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion,
draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy/power:
- a consumable fuel
- an electrical energy/power storage device (e.g.: battery, capacitor, flywheel/generator ...)
"Pure electric vehicle" means vehicle powered by an electric power train only;
"Hybrid vehicle (HV)" means a vehicle powered by a hybrid power train;
"Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)" means a vehicle powered by a hybrid electric power train;
Although this system appears to offer simplicity, it can be seen that it still requires attention to detail to ensure
that repetition is avoided and that all necessary terms are covered:
"Pure electric vehicle" (PEV)
means vehicle powered by an
electric power train only
"Electric power train"
means a system consisting of one
or more electric energy storage
devices (e.g. a battery,
electromechanical flywheel or
super capacitor), one or more
electric power conditioning
devices and one or more electric
machines that convert stored
electric energy to mechanical
energy delivered at the wheels for
propulsion of the vehicle;
"Hybrid vehicle" (HV)
means a vehicle powered by a
hybrid power train
"Hybrid power train"
means a power train with at least
two different energy converters
and two different energy storage
systems (on-board the vehicle) for
the purpose of vehicle propulsion
"Not off-vehicle chargeable
hybrid electric vehicle" (NOVCHEV)
?
"Hybrid electric vehicle" (HEV)
means a vehicle powered by a
hybrid electric power train
"Off-vehicle charging hybrid
electric vehicle" (OVC-HEV)
?
"Hybrid electric power train"
means a power train that, for the
purpose of mechanical
propulsion, draws energy from
both of the following on-vehicle
sources of stored energy/power:
- a consumable fuel
- an electrical energy/power
storage device (e.g.: battery,
capacitor, flywheel/generator ...)
“Powertrain”
means the system of energy
storage device(s), energy
converter(s) and transmission(s)
that converts stored energy to
mechanical energy delivered at
the wheels for propulsion of the
vehicle;
"Energy converter"
?
"Energy storage system"
?
“Drivetrain”
?
"Electric power conditioning
device"
?
"Electric machine" (EM)
?
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
VPSD-04-03
The minor issues of definition of the terms used (e.g. “energy converter”) or consistency of the hierarchial
concept (e.g. reference to “power train” in “electric power train”) are of course easily solved but this discussion
can raise further questions such as:
 What is meant by “for the purpose of vehicle propulsion”?
o e.g. if a combustion engine only drives a generator (electric machine) that charges a battery
(REESS) and this electrical energy from the battery is used via electric motors to propel the
vehicle, is the combustion engine used for the purpose of vehicle propulsion?
 Does the example above lead to the need for the definition of an additional category, what is often but
not consistently referred to as a “range extender”?
 What is an “energy converter”?
o An REESS (rechargeable battery) converts electrical energy to chemical energy when
recharging and then converts chemical energy to electrical energy when supplying energy.
Does this make it an energy converter?
 What is a hybrid?
o This could be seen as a final check of the robustness of the definitions of EVs (electrified
vehicles).
o e.g. should a conventional ICE vehicle with a 12 V battery be classified as a hybrid due to the
battery state of charge being depleted during any specific test?
 Do we need definitions of e.g. “mild hybrid”?
o e.g. should a vehicle with a battery and a fuel cell (which draws energy from a consumable
fuel) be classified as a hybrid?
With all of this in mind, the following table contains the definitions currently included in gtr 15 with comparable
definitions from European (including ECE) legislation where applicable. It also contains some proposals for
amendment of these gtr 15 definitions.
This paper is intended to form the basis of a discussion within IG VPSD as a response from the author to a
request from the Chairman of VPSD. It should not be taken as a formal proposal from OICA into either IG
WLTP or IG EVE rather it is circulated to those groups for information.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.1.1.
Term
"Accuracy"
3.1.2.
"Calibration"
3.1.3.
"Calibration gas"
3.1.4.
"Double dilution method"
3.1.5.
"Full-flow exhaust
dilution system"
3.1.6.
"Linearization"
3.1.7.
"Major maintenance"
3.1.8.
"Non-methane
hydrocarbons" (NMHC)
3.1.9.
"Precision"
3.1.10.
"Reference value"
3.1.11.
"Set point"
3.1.12.
"Span"
3.1.13.
"Total hydrocarbons"
(THC)
Definition from gtr 15
means the difference between a
measured value and a reference
value, traceable to a national standard
and describes the correctness of a
result. See Figure 1.
means the process of setting a
measurement system's response so
that its output agrees with a range of
reference signals. Contrast with
"verification".
means a gas mixture used to calibrate
gas analysers.
means the process of separating a
part of the diluted exhaust flow and
mixing it with an appropriate amount
of dilution air prior to the particulate
sampling filter.
means the continuous dilution of the
total vehicle exhaust with ambient air
in a controlled manner using a
constant volume sampler (CVS).
means the application of a range of
concentrations or materials to
establish a mathematical relationship
between concentration and system
response.
means the adjustment, repair or
replacement of a component or
module that could affect the accuracy
of a measurement, after which
calibration/validation should be
performed on the parameters that
could be affected.
are the total hydrocarbons (THC)
minus the methane (CH4)
contribution.
means the degree to which repeated
measurements under unchanged
conditions show the same results
(Figure 1). In this gtr, precision
requirements always refer to one
standard deviation.
means a value traceable to a national
standard. See Figure 1.
means the target value a control
system aims to reach.
means to adjust an instrument so that
it gives a proper response to a
calibration standard that represents
between 75 per cent and 100 per cent
of the maximum value in the
instrument range or expected range of
use.
means all volatile compounds
measurable by a flame ionization
detector (FID).
BC Proposal
VPSD-04-03
Justification
Gtr4:
means the process of
mixing the total exhaust
flow with dilution air prior
to separating a fraction of
the diluted exhaust stream
for analysis.
R49:
means the process of
mixing the total exhaust
flow with diluent prior to
separating a fraction of
the diluted exhaust stream
for analysis.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.1.14.
Term
"Verification"
3.1.15.
"Zero gas"
3.2.1.
"Aerodynamic drag"
3.2.2.
"Aerodynamic stagnation
point"
3.2.3.
"Anemometry blockage"
3.2.4.
"Constrained analysis"
3.2.5.
"Mass in running order"
3.2.6.
"Mass of the driver"
3.2.7.
"Maximum vehicle load"
3.2.8.
"Optional equipment"
Definition from gtr 15
means to evaluate whether or not a
measurement system's outputs agrees
with applied reference signals within
one or more predetermined
thresholds for acceptance.
means a gas containing no analyte,
which is used to set a zero response
on an analyser.
means the force that opposes a
vehicle’s forward motion through air.
means the point on the surface of a
vehicle where wind velocity is equal
to zero.
means the effect on the anemometer
measurement due to the presence of
the vehicle where the apparent air
speed is different than the vehicle
speed combined with wind speed
relative to the ground. By using an
appropriate anemometer calibration
procedure, this effect can be
minimized.
means the vehicle’s frontal area and
aerodynamic drag coefficient have
been independently determined and
those values shall be used in the
equation of motion.
means the mass of the vehicle, with
its fuel tank(s) filled to at least 90 per
cent of its or their capacity/capacities,
including the mass of the driver and
liquids, fitted with the standard
equipment in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specifications and,
when they are fitted, the mass of the
bodywork, the cabin, the coupling
and the spare wheel(s) as well as the
tools when they are fitted.
means a mass rated at 75 kg located
at the driver’s seating reference point.
means in this gtr the difference
between the technically permissible
maximum laden mass and the sum of
the mass in running order, 25 kg and
the mass of the optional equipment of
vehicle H.
means all the features not included in
the standard equipment which are
fitted to a vehicle under the
responsibility of the manufacturer,
and that can be ordered by the
customer.
BC Proposal
Justification
means the mass of the vehicle,
with its fuel tank(s) filled to at
least 90 per cent of its or their
capacity/capacities, including
the mass of the driver, of the
fuel and liquids, fitted with
the standard equipment in
accordance with the
manufacturer’s specifications
and, when they are fitted, the
mass of the bodywork, the
cabin, the coupling and the
spare wheel(s) as well as the
tools when they are fitted.
Alignment with (EC)692/2008
means in this gtr the
difference between the
technically permissible
maximum laden mass and the
sum of the mass in running
order, 25 kg and the mass of
the optional equipment of
vehicle H.
Alignment with (EC)692/2008.
The mass of the optional
equipment is already defined in
692/2008 and applies to the
approved family.
VPSD-04-03
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.2.9.
Term
"Reference atmospheric
conditions (regarding
road load measurements)"
3.2.10.
"Reference speed"
3.2.11.
"Road load"
3.2.12.
"Rolling resistance"
3.2.13.
"Running resistance"
3.2.14.
"Simulated road load"
3.2.15.
"Speed range"
3.2.16.
"Stationary anemometry"
3.2.17.
"Standard equipment"
3.2.18.
"Target road load"
Definition from gtr 15
means the atmospheric conditions to
which these measurement results are
corrected:
(a) Atmospheric pressure: p0= 100
kPa, unless otherwise specified by
regulations;
(b) Atmospheric temperature: T 0=
293 K, unless otherwise specified by
regulations;
(c) Dry air density: ρ0= 1,189 kg/m3,
unless otherwise specified by
regulations;
(d) Wind speed: 0 m/s.
means the vehicle speed at which
road load is determined or chassis
dynamometer load is verified.
Reference speeds may be continuous
speed points covering the complete
test cycle speed range.
means the opposition to the
movement of a vehicle. It is the total
resistance if using the coastdown
method or the running resistance if
using the torque meter method.
means the forces of the tyres
opposing the motion of a vehicle.
means the torque resisting the
forward motion of a vehicle,
measured by torque meters installed
at the driven wheels of a vehicle.
means the road load calculated from
measured coastdown data.
means the range of speed considered
for road load determination which is
between the maximum speed of the
Worldwide Lightduty Test Cycle
(WLTC) for the class of test vehicle
and minimum speed selected by the
manufacturer which shall not be
greater than 20 km/h.
means measurement of wind speed
and direction with an anemometer at
a location and height above road
level alongside the test road where
the most representative wind
conditions will be experienced.
means the basic configuration of a
vehicle equipped with all the features
required under the regulatory acts of
the Contracting Party including all
features fitted without giving rise to
any further specifications on
configuration or equipment level.
means the road load to be reproduced
on the chassis dynamometer.
BC Proposal
Justification
means the basic configuration
of a vehicle which is equipped
with all the features that are
required under the regulatory
acts of the Contracting Party
including all features that are
fitted without giving rise to
any further specifications on
configuration or equipment
level.
Improvement to the English, not
100% necessary.
VPSD-04-03
R24:
means any equipment
provided by the
manufacturer for a
particular engine
application.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.2.19.
Term
"Total resistance"
Definition from gtr 15
means the total force resisting
movement of a vehicle, including the
frictional forces in the drivetrain.
means a mode of operation enabling
an accurate and repeatable
determination of total resistance and
an accurate dynamometer setting.
means the vehicle within the CO2
vehicle family with the combination
of road load relevant characteristics
(e.g. mass, aerodynamic drag and
tyre rolling resistance) producing the
highest cycle energy demand.
3.2.20.
"Vehicle coastdown
mode"
3.2.21.
"Vehicle H"
3.2.22.
"Vehicle L"
means the vehicle within the CO2
vehicle family with the combination
of road load relevant characteristics
(e.g. mass, aerodynamic drag and
tyre rolling resistance) producing the
lowest cycle energy demand.
3.2.23.
"Wind correction"
3.3.1.
"All-electric range"
(AER)
means correction of the effect of
wind on road load based on input of
the stationary or on-board
anemometry.
in the case of an off-vehicle charging
hybrid electric vehicle (OVC-HEV)
means the total distance travelled
from the beginning of the chargedepleting test over a number of
complete WLTCs to the point in time
during the test when the combustion
engine starts to consume fuel.
3.3.2.
"All-electric range"
(AER)
in the case of a pure electric vehicle
(PEV) means the total distance
travelled from the beginning of the
charge-depleting test over a number
of WLTCs until the break-off criteria
is reached.
3.3.3.
"Charge-depleting actual
range" (RCDA)
means the distance travelled in a
series of WLTCs in charge-depleting
operation condition until the
rechargeable electric energy storage
system (REESS) is depleted.
BC Proposal
Justification
means the vehicle selected for
testing within the CO2 vehicle
family with the combination
of road load relevant
characteristics (e.g. i.e. mass,
aerodynamic drag and tyre
rolling resistance) producing
the highest cycle energy
demand.
means the vehicle selected for
testing within the CO2 vehicle
family with the combination
of road load relevant
characteristics (e.g. i.e. mass,
aerodynamic drag and tyre
rolling resistance) producing
the lowest cycle energy
demand.
To clarify that vehicle H is a
selected vehicle within the bounds
of permitted interpolation and
extrapolation and must not be the
absolute worst case.
means in the case of an offvehicle charging hybrid
electric vehicle (OVC-HEV),
the total distance travelled
from the beginning of the
charge-depleting test over a
number of complete WLTCs
to the point in time during the
test when the combustion
engine starts to consume fuel.
Slight improvement to English.
The text referring to complete
WLTCs is confusing as this range
is not measured in complete
cycles.
means in the case of a pure
electric vehicle (PEV), the
total distance travelled from
the beginning of the chargedepleting test over a number
of WLTCs until the break-off
criteria is reached.
Slight improvement to English.
The text referring to complete
WLTCs is confusing as this range
is not measured in complete
cycles.
VPSD-04-03
To clarify that vehicle L is a
selected vehicle within the bounds
of permitted interpolation and
extrapolation and must not be the
absolute best case.
R101 (electric range):
for vehicles powered by an
electric power train only or
by a hybrid electric power
train with off-vehicle
charging, means distance
that can be driven
electrically on one fully
charged battery (or other
electric energy storage
device) as measured
according to the procedure
described in Annex 9.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.3.4.
Term
"Charge-depleting cycle
range" (RCDC)
3.3.5.
"Charge-depleting
operation condition"
3.3.6.
"Charge-depleting breakoff criteria"
"Charge-sustaining
operation condition"
3.3.7.
Definition from gtr 15
means the distance from the
beginning of the charge-depleting test
to the end of the last cycle prior to the
cycle or cycles satisfying the breakoff criteria, including the transition
cycle where the vehicle may have
operated in both depleting and
sustaining modes.
means an operating condition in
which the energy stored in the
REESS may fluctuate but, on
average, decreases while the vehicle
is driven until transition to chargesustaining operation.
is determined based on absolute net
energy change.
means an operating condition in
which the energy stored in the
REESS may fluctuate but, on
average, is maintained at a neutral
charging balance level while the
vehicle is driven.
means an energy converter
transforming electric energy into
mechanical energy or vice versa.
means a vehicle using at least one
electric machine for the purpose of
vehicle propulsion.
means the part of the powertrain
converting one form of energy into a
different one.
3.3.8.
"Electric machine" (EM)
3.3.9.
"Electrified vehicle" (EV)
3.3.10.
"Energy converter"
3.3.11.
"Energy storage system"
means the part of the powertrain on
board a vehicle that can store
chemical, electrical or mechanical
energy and which can be refilled or
recharged externally and/or
internally.
3.3.12.
"Equivalent all-electric
range" (EAER)
3.3.13.
"Highest fuel consuming
mode"
means that portion of the total
charge-depleting actual range (RCDA)
attributable to the use of electricity
from the REESS over the chargedepleting range test.
means the mode with the highest fuel
consumption of all driver-selectable
modes.
BC Proposal
Justification
means an operating condition
in which the energy stored in
the REESS may fluctuate but,
decreases on average over
each cycle[, while the vehicle
is driven until transition to
charge-sustaining operation.]
is determined based on
absolute net energy change.
Clarity
OPEN QUESTION; does the
transition cycle belong to CD or
CS or are these conditions not
measured in cycles?
means a vehicle using at least
one electric machine for the
purpose of vehicle propulsion.
means the part of the
powertrain where the form of
energy that is output is
different from the form of
energy that is input.
means the part of the
powertrain on board a vehicle
that can store chemical,
electrical or mechanical
energy and release it in the
same form as was input and
which can be refilled or
recharged externally and/or
internally.
Terminology not used in gtr 15
means the mode with the
highest fuel consumption of
all driver-selectable modes.
The only difference between the
term and the definition is “driver
selectable” but this is contained in
the definition of “mode”
This is not a definition, include in
technical annex
OPEN QUESTION; does the
transition cycle belong to CD or
CS or are these conditions not
measured in cycles?
Ensures that a battery is not a
converter, despite it storing energy
in a different form.
Compatible with the proposed
change to “energy converter”
The last part of the sentence
appears redundant.
VPSD-04-03
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.3.14.
Term
"Hybrid electric vehicle"
(HEV)
Definition from gtr 15
means a vehicle using at least one
fuel consuming machine and one
electric machine for the purpose of
vehicle propulsion.
3.3.15.
"Hybrid vehicle" (HV)
means a vehicle with a powertrain
containing at least two different types
of energy converters and two
different types of energy storage
systems.
3.3.16.
"Net energy change"
3.3.17.
"Not off-vehicle charging"
(NOVC)
means the ratio of the REESS energy
change divided by the cycle energy
demand of the test vehicle.
means that the REESS cannot be
charged externally. This is also
known as not externally chargeable.
3.3.18.
"Not off-vehicle
chargeable hybrid electric
vehicle" (NOVC-HEV)
"Off-vehicle charging"
(OVC)"
means a hybrid electric vehicle that
cannot be charged externally.
"Off-vehicle charging
hybrid electric vehicle"
(OVC-HEV)
"Pure electric mode"
3.3.19.
3.3.20.
3.3.21.
BC Proposal
Means a hybrid vehicle where
one of the energy converters
is an electric machine.
Justification
Consistency with other definitions
means that the REESS cannot
be charged externally. This is
also known as not externally
chargeable.
Terminology not used in gtr 15
without -HEV at end.
If it must be used it should either
be clearly HEV specific or
amended to cover all energy
storage systems
means that the REESS can be
charged externally. This REESS is
also known as externally-chargeable.
means that the REESS can be
charged externally. This
REESS is also known as
externally-chargeable.
identifies a hybrid electric vehicle
that can be charged externally.
identifies means a hybrid
electric vehicle that can be
charged externally.
means operation by an electric
machine only using electric
energy from a REESS without
fuel being consumed under
any condition.
Terminology not used in gtr 15
without -HEV at end
If it must be used it should either
be clearly HEV specific or
amended to cover all energy
storage systems
Consistency
means operation by an electric
machine only using electric energy
from a REESS without fuel being
consumed under any condition.
Terminology not used in gtr 15
VPSD-04-03
R83, 24:
means a vehicle that, for
the purpose of mechanical
propulsion, draws energy
from both of the following
on-vehicle sources of
stored energy/power:
a) A consumable fuel;
b) An electrical
energy/power storage
device (e.g.: battery,
capacitor,
flywheel/generator etc.).
R101:
means a vehicle powered
by a hybrid electric power
train;
715/2007 & R83 & R85 &
R24:
means a vehicle with at
least two different energy
converters and two
different energy storage
systems (on vehicle) for the
purpose of vehicle
propulsion;
R101:
means a vehicle powered
by a hybrid power train;
692/2008:
means vehicle powered by
an electric power train
only;
R101:
means vehicle powered by
an electric power train
only;
R85:
means a vehicle that, for
the purpose of
mechanical propulsion,
draws energy from both
of the following onvehicle sources of stored
energy/power:
- a consumable fuel
- an electrical
energy/power storage
device (e.g.: battery,
capacitor,
flywheel/generator ...)
For a hybrid electric
vehicle the "power train"
comprises a combination
of two different drive
train types:
- an internal combustion
engine, and
- one (or several) electric
drive train(s)."
692/2008:
means a vehicle,
including vehicles which
draw energy from a
consumable fuel only for
the purpose of recharging the electrical
energy/power storage
device, that, for the
purpose of mechanical
propulsion, draws energy
from both of the
following on-vehicle
sources of stored energy/
power:
(a) a consumable fuel;
(b) a battery, capacitor,
flywheel/generator or
other electrical
energy/power storage
device;
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.3.22.
Term
"Pure electric vehicle"
(PEV)
Definition from gtr 15
means a vehicle where all energy
converters used for propulsion are
electric machines and no other energy
converter contributes to the
generation of energy to be used for
vehicle propulsion.
means the AC electric energy which
is recharged from the grid at the
mains socket.
means the charge balance of the
REESS measured in Ah.
BC Proposal
Justification
3.3.23.
"Recharged energy"(EAC)
means the AC electric energy
which is recharged from the
grid at the mains socket.
means the charge balance of
the REESS measured in Ah.
The abbreviation is in the
technical annexes
3.3.24.
"REESS charge balance"
(RCB)
3.3.25.
"REESS correction
criteria"
means the RCB value (Ah) which
determines if and when correction of
the CO2 emissions and/or fuel
consumption value in chargesustaining (CS) operation condition is
necessary.
means the RCB value (Ah)
which determines if and when
correction of the CO2
emissions and/or fuel
consumption value in chargesustaining (CS) operation
condition is necessary.
3.4.1.
"Manual transmission"
means a transmission where gears are
shifted by hand in conjunction with a
manual disengagement of a clutch.
“Powertrain”
“Electric power train”
“Hybrid power train”
means the total combination
in a vehicle of energy storage
system(s), energy converter(s)
and drivetrain(s) for the
purpose of vehicle propulsion.
VPSD-04-03
Both the abbreviation and the
units of measure are in the
technical annexes.
Terminology not used in gtr 15
692/2008:
means a system consisting
of one or more electric
energy storage devices, one
or more electric power
conditioning devices and
one or more electric
machines that convert
stored electric energy to
mechanical energy
delivered at the wheels for
propulsion of the vehicle;
R101:
means a system consisting
of one or more electric
energy storage devices (e.g.
a battery,
electromechanical flywheel
or super capacitor), one or
more electric power
conditioning devices and
one or more electric
machines that convert
stored electric energy to
mechanical energy
delivered at the wheels for
propulsion of the vehicle;
R101:
means a power train with at
least two different energy
converters and two
different energy storage
systems (on-board the
vehicle) for
the purpose of vehicle
propulsion;
R101:
means the system of
energy storage device(s),
energy converter(s) and
transmission(s) that
converts stored energy to
mechanical energy
delivered at the wheels for
propulsion of the vehicle;
R100:
means the electrical
circuit which includes the
traction motor(
s), and may include the
REESS, the electric
energy conversion
system, the
electronic converters, the
associated wiring harness
and connectors, and the
coupling
system for charging the
REESS.
[Texte]
Para
VPSD-04-03
Term
“Hybrid electric power
train”
3.4.3.
3.4.4.
3.5.1.
“Ancillary devices”
“Peripheral devices”
"Auxiliaries"
3.5.2.
"Category 1 vehicle"
3.5.3.
"Category 1-1 vehicle"
3.5.4.
"Category 1-2 vehicle"
3.5.5.
"Category 2 vehicle"
3.5.6.
"Cycle energy demand"
Definition from gtr 15
BC Proposal
VPSD-04-03
Justification
R101:
means a power train that,
for the purpose of
mechanical
propulsion, draws energy
from both of the following
on-vehicle
sources of stored
energy/power:
- a consumable fuel
- an electrical energy/power
storage device (e.g.:
battery, capacitor,
flywheel/
generator ...)
means additional equipment and/or
devices not required for vehicle
operation.
means a power driven vehicle with
four or more wheels designed and
constructed primarily for the carriage
of one or more persons.
means a category 1 vehicle
comprising not more than eight
seating positions in addition to the
driver’s seating position. A category
1-1 vehicle may have standing
passengers.
means a category 1 vehicle designed
for the carriage of more than eight
passengers, whether seated or
standing, in addition to the driver.
means a power driven vehicle with
four or more wheels designed and
constructed primarily for the carriage
of goods. This category shall also
include:
(a) Tractive units;
(b) Chassis designed specifically to
be equipped with special equipment.
means the calculated positive energy
required by the vehicle to drive the
prescribed cycle.
Proposals removed, to be discussed in VPSD 4 on basis of input
from members
R100 (auxillary battery):
means the battery unit
whose reserve of energy is
used only for the auxiliary
network supply.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.5.7.
Term
"Defeat device"
Definition from gtr 15
means any element of design which
senses temperature, vehicle speed,
engine rotational speed, drive gear,
manifold vacuum or any other
parameter for the purpose of
activating, modulating, delaying or
deactivating the operation of any part
of the emission control system that
reduces the effectiveness of the
emission control system under
conditions which may reasonably be
expected to be encountered in normal
vehicle operation and use. Such an
element of design may not be
considered a defeat device if:
(a) The need for the device is
justified in terms of protecting the
engine against damage or accident
and for safe operation of the vehicle;
or
(b) The device does not function
beyond the requirements of engine
starting; or
(c) Conditions are substantially
included in the Type 1 test
procedures.
3.5.8.
"Mode"
3.5.9.
"Multi-mode"
means a distinct driver-selectable
condition which could affect
emissions, and fuel and energy
consumption.
means that more than one operating
mode can be selected by the driver or
automatically set.
BC Proposal
VPSD-04-03
Justification
715/2007:
means any element of
design which senses
temperature, vehicle speed,
engine speed (RPM),
transmission gear, manifold
vacuum or any other
parameter for the purpose
of activating, modulating,
delaying or deactivating the
operation of any part of the
emission control system,
that reduces the
effectiveness of the
emission control system
under conditions which
may reasonably be
expected to be encountered
in normal vehicle operation
and use;
[in articles:
The use of defeat devices
that reduce the effectiveness
of emission control systems
shall be prohibited. The
prohibition shall not apply
where:
(a) the need for the device is
justified in terms of
protecting the engine against
damage or accident and for
safe operation of the vehicle;
(b) the device does not
function beyond the
requirements of engine
starting;
or
(c) the conditions are
substantially included in
the test procedures for
verifying evaporative
emissions and average
tailpipe emissions.]
R83:
means any element of
design which senses
temperature, vehicle
speed, engine rotational
speed, transmission gear,
manifold vacuum or any
other parameter for the
purpose of activating,
modulating, delaying or
deactivating the operation
of any part of the
emission control system,
that reduces the
effectiveness of the
emission control system
under conditions which
may reasonably be
expected to be
encountered in normal
vehicle operation and use.
Such an element of design
may not be considered a
defeat device if:
2.16.1. The need for the
device is justified in terms
of protecting the engine
against damage or
accident and for safe
operation of the vehicle;
or
2.16.2. The device does
not function beyond the
requirements of engine
starting; or
2.16.3. Conditions are
substantially included in
the Type I or Type VI test
procedures.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.5.10.
Term
"Predominant mode"
Definition from gtr 15
for the purposes of this gtr means a
single mode that is always selected
when the vehicle is switched on
regardless of the operating mode
selected when the vehicle was
previously shut down. The
predominant mode must not be able
to be redefined. The switch of the
predominant mode to another
available mode after the vehicle
being switched on shall only be
possible by an intentional action of
the driver.
means the conditions upon which gas
densities are based, namely 101.325
kPa and 273.15 K.
3.5.11.
3.5.12.
"Reference conditions
(with regards to
calculating mass
emissions)"
"Exhaust emissions"
3.5.13.
"Type 1 test"
means a test used to measure a
vehicle's cold start gaseous,
particulate matter, particle number,
CO2 emissions, fuel consumption,
electric energy consumption and
electric range at ambient conditions.
3.6.1.
"Particle number" (PN)
means the total number of solid
particles emitted from the vehicle
exhaust and as specified in this gtr.
3.6.2.
"Particulate matter" (PM)
means any material collected on the
filter media from diluted vehicle
exhaust as specified in this gtr.
BC Proposal
Justification
means the emission of gaseous
compounds, particulate matter and
particle number at the tailpipe of a
vehicle.
means a test used to measure a
vehicle's cold start gaseous,
particulate matter, particle
number, CO2 emissions, fuel
consumption, electric energy
consumption and electric
range at ambient conditions.
VPSD-04-03
Covered in 1. of Annex 6
R83:
means
• For positive-ignition (P.I.)
engines, emissions of
gaseous and particulate
pollutants;
• For compression-ignition
(C.I.) engines, emissions of
gaseous pollutants,
particulate pollutants and
particle numbers;
R83 (OBD):
means the driving cycle
(Parts One and Two) used
for emission approvals, as
detailed in Tables 1 and 2
of Annex 4a.
R83:
means the total number of
particles of a diameter
greater than 23 mm
diameter present in the
diluted exhaust gas after it
has been
conditioned to remove
volatile material, as
described in Annex 4a,
Appendix 5.
Gtr4:
means any material
collected on a specified
filter medium after diluting
exhaust with clean filtered
air to a temperature
between 315 K (42 °C) and
325 K (52 °C), as measured
at a point immediately
upstream of the filter; this
is primarily carbon,
condensed hydrocarbons,
and sulphates with
associated water.
R49:
means any material
collected on a specified
filter medium after
diluting exhaust with a
clean filtered diluent to a
temperature between 315
K (42 °C) and 325 K (52
°C); this is primarily
carbon, condensed
hydrocarbons, and
sulphates with associated
water.
Gtr4:
means any material
collected on a specified
filter medium after
diluting exhaust with a
clean filtered diluent to a
temperature between 315
K (42 °C) and 325 K (52
°C); this is primarily
carbon, condensed
hydrocarbons, and
sulphates with associated
water.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.7.1.
Term
"Rated engine power"
(Prated)
3.7.2.
"Maximum speed" (vmax)
3.7.3.
"Rated engine speed"
3.7.4.
"WLTC city cycle"
Definition from gtr 15
means maximum engine power in
kW as per the certification procedure
based on current regional regulation.
In the absence of a definition, the
rated engine power shall be declared
by the manufacturer according to
Regulation No. 85.
means the maximum speed of a
vehicle as defined by the Contracting
Party. In the absence of a definition,
the maximum speed shall be declared
by the manufacturer according to
Regulation No. 68.
means the range of rotational speed at
which an engine develops maximum
power.
BC Proposal
means the range of rotational
speed at which an engine
develops maximum power.
Covered in 2. of Annex 2
means a low phase followed by a
medium phase.
means a low phase followed
by a medium phase.
Covered in 3.5. of Annex 1
VPSD-04-03
Justification
R51:
means the engine power
expressed in kW (ECE) and
measured by the ECE
method pursuant to
Regulation No. 85.
Gtr10 & 4 & R49:
means the maximum full
load speed allowed by the
governor as specified
by the manufacturer in his
sales and service literature,
or, if such a governor is not
present, the speed at which
the maximum power is
obtained from the engine,
as specified by the
manufacturer in his sales
and service literature
R49:
means the maximum full
load engine speed allowed
by the governor, or, if
such a governor is not
present, the speed at
which the maximum
power is obtained from
the engine, as specified by
the manufacturer in
paragraph 2. of Appendix
2 to Annex 1.
R24:
means maximum speed
permitted by the
governor at full load;
[Texte]
Para
3.8.1.
3.2.a.
VPSD-04-03
Term
"Periodically
regenerating system"
‘mass of the optional
equipment’
Definition from gtr 15
means an exhaust emissions control
device (e.g. catalytic converter,
particulate trap) that requires a
periodical regeneration process in
less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle
operation. During cycles where
regeneration occurs, emission
standards can be exceeded. If a
regeneration of an anti-pollution
device occurs at least once during
vehicle preparation cycle, it will be
considered as a continuously
regenerating system which does not
require a special test procedure.
BC Proposal
means an exhaust emissions
control device (e.g. catalytic
converter, particulate trap)
that requires a periodical
regeneration process in less
than 4,000 km of normal
vehicle operation. During
cycles where regeneration
occurs, emission standards
can be exceeded. If a
regeneration of an antipollution device occurs at
least once during vehicle
preparation cycle, it will be
considered as a continuously
regenerating system which
does not require a special test
procedure.
Justification
Remove the second and third
sentences and insert in the
relevant technical annex as done
in 692/2008. Also remove
reference to “continuously
regenerating system” as this is not
defined and is unnecessary for
light duty vehicles.
means the mass of the
equipment which may be
fitted to the vehicle in
addition to the standard
equipment, in accordance with
the manufacturer’s
specifications;
Alignment with (EC)692/2008
VPSD-04-03
692/2008 & R103:
means catalytic converters,
particulate filters or other
pollution control devices
that require a periodical
regeneration process in less
than 4 000 km of normal
vehicle operation
R101:
means an anti-pollution
device (e.g. catalytic
converter, particulate trap)
that requires a periodical
regeneration process in
less than 4,000 km of
normal vehicle operation.
If a regeneration of an
anti-pollution device
occurs at least once per
Type I test and that has
already regenerated at
least once during the
vehicle preparation cycle,
it will be considered as a
continuously regenerating
system, which does not
require a special test
procedure. Annex 10 does
not apply to continuously
regenerating systems.
At the request of the
manufacturer, the test
procedure specific to
periodically regenerating
systems will not apply to
a regenerative device if
the manufacturer provides
data to the type approval
authority that, during
cycles where regeneration
occurs, emission of CO2
does not exceed the
declared value by more
than 4 per cent after
agreement of the technical
service.
R83:
means an anti-pollution
device (e.g. catalytic
converter, particulate
trap) that requires a
periodical regeneration
process in less than 4,000
km of normal vehicle
operation. During cycles
where regeneration
occurs, emission
standards can be
exceeded.
If a regeneration of an
anti-pollution device
occurs at least once per
Type I test and that has
already regenerated at
least once during vehicle
preparation cycle, it will
be considered as a
continuously
regenerating system
which does not require a
special test procedure.
Annex 13 does not apply
to continuously
regenerating systems.
At the request of the
manufacturer, the test
procedure specific to
periodically regenerating
systems will not apply to
a regenerative device if
the manufacturer
provides data to the type
Approval Authority that,
during cycles where
regeneration occurs,
emissions remain below
the standards given in
paragraph 5.3.1.4.
applied for the concerned
vehicle category after
agreement of the
Technical Service.
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Para
3.2.b.
Term
‘technically permissible
maximum laden mass’
(M)
3.2.c.
‘actual mass of the
vehicle’
3.2.d.
‘test mass of the vehicle’
3.2.e.
‘mass representative of
the vehicle load’
“Drivetrain”
Definition from gtr 15
BC Proposal
means the maximum mass
allocated to a vehicle on the
basis of its construction
features and its design
performances;
Justification
Alignment with (EC)692/2008.
This may provide the basis for
harmonisation across regions
means the mass in running
order plus the mass of the
optional equipment fitted to
an individual vehicle;
means the sum of the actual
mass of the vehicle, 25 kg and
mass representative of the
vehicle load;
means 15 per cent for
category 1 vehicles or 28 per
cent for category 2 vehicles
from the maximum vehicle
load.
Alignment with (EC)692/2008
VPSD-04-03
R101, 83, 51, 84:
means the technically
permissible maximum mass
declared by the
manufacturer (this mass
may be greater than the
maximum mass authorized
by the national
administration);
Addition in order to be able to
define the mass of an individual
vehicle
Addition in order to be able to
define the mass of an individual
vehicle
R85:
means a category of an
internal combustion engine
or an electric drive train for
installation in a motor
vehicle which does not
differ in such essential
characteristics as those
defined in annexes 1 or 2 to
this Regulation;
[Texte]
VPSD-04-03
Current definitions in gtr 15
Used extensively in
gtr 15
"Electrified vehicle" (EV)
means a vehicle using at least one
electric machine for the purpose
of vehicle propulsion.
Not used in gtr 15
VPSD-04-03
Proposal
"Pure electric vehicle" (PEV)
means a vehicle where all energy
converters used for propulsion are
electric machines and no other
energy converter contributes to
the generation of energy to be
used for vehicle propulsion.
"Electric machine" (EM)
means an energy converter
transforming electric energy into
mechanical energy or vice versa.
"Hybrid electric vehicle" (HEV)
means a vehicle using at least one
fuel consuming machine and one
electric machine for the purpose
of vehicle propulsion.
"Not off-vehicle chargeable
hybrid electric vehicle" (NOVCHEV)
means a hybrid electric vehicle
that cannot be charged externally.
"Off-vehicle charging hybrid
electric vehicle" (OVC-HEV)
identifies a hybrid electric vehicle
that can be charged externally.
Used extensively in
gtr 15
Used extensively in gtr
15
"Energy converter"
means the part of the powertrain
converting one form of energy
into a different one.
"Hybrid vehicle" (HV)
means a vehicle with a powertrain
containing at least two different
types of energy converters and
two different types of energy
storage systems.
"Energy storage system"
means the part of the powertrain
on board a vehicle that can store
chemical, electrical or mechanical
energy and which can be refilled
or recharged externally and/or
internally.
"Pure electric mode"
means operation by an electric
machine only using electric
energy from a REESS without
fuel being consumed under any
condition.
"Electrified vehicle" (EV)
means a vehicle using at least one
electric machine for the purpose
of vehicle propulsion.
"Pure electric vehicle" (PEV)
means a vehicle where all energy
converters used for propulsion are
electric machines and no other
energy converter contributes to
the generation of energy to be
used for vehicle propulsion.
"Electric machine" (EM)
means an energy converter
transforming electric energy into
mechanical energy or vice versa.
"Energy converter"
means the part of the powertrain
where the form of energy that is
output is different from the form
of energy that is input.
"Hybrid electric vehicle" (HEV)
means a hybrid vehicle where one
of the energy converters in an
electric machine.
"Hybrid vehicle" (HV)
means a vehicle with a powertrain
containing at least two different
types of energy converters and
two different types of energy
storage systems.
"Off-vehicle charging hybrid
electric vehicle" (OVC-HEV)
means a hybrid electric vehicle
that can be charged externally.
"Energy storage system"
means the part of the powertrain
that can store energy and release
it in the same form as was input.
"Not off-vehicle chargeable
hybrid electric vehicle" (NOVCHEV)
means a hybrid electric vehicle
that cannot be charged externally.
“Powertrain”
means the total combination in a
vehicle of energy storage
system(s), energy converter(s)
and drivetrain(s) for the purpose
of vehicle propulsion.
“Drivetrain”
means the components of the
powertrain that transmit energy
between energy converters or
from the last energy converter to
the road wheels without storing or
converting that energy.