Supplemental Digital Content 1: Methodology for Preoperative Assessment
Preoperative Pain Phenotyping
In order to assess for potential confounders of postoperative pain and analgesic
consumption, patients completed a brief battery of self-report measures (preoperative
chronic pain [yes/no], German version of the Brief Pain Inventory,1 German version of
the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,2 the Michigan Body Map to assess for
widespread body pain.3 In addition, patients were asked by the investigator as to whether
they had any of the following pain or affective conditions: anxiety, depression,
fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine headaches, osteoarthritis, and
rheumatoid arthritis.
Assessments of Physical Function and Side Effects
Three self-report measures used for secondary postoperative outcomes were also
assessed preoperatively to determine baseline symptoms and function. A side effect
screen asked patients to rate on a 0-10 scale (0 = not a problem, 10 = as bad as you can
imagine) for nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, constipation, difficulty passing urine,
difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, confusion, fatigue, dizziness, itchiness, dry mouth,
and headache. Patients were also asked the number of times that they had been nauseated
and/or vomited over the previous 24 hours. A brief functional assessment asked patients
to score on a 0-10 scale (0 = none of the time, 10 = all of the time) how well they have
been able to do the following activities over the last 24 hours: groom yourself, feed
yourself, dress yourself, use the restroom/toilet, walk without feeling shaky or groggy,
walk up a flight of stairs, felt self-sufficient, and have good social interaction.
Reference List
1.
2.
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Radbruch L, Loick G, Kiencke P, et al. Validation of the German version of
the Brief Pain Inventory. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999;18(3):180-187.
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta
Psychiatr Scand 1983;67(6):361-370.
Brummett CM, Hassett AL, Brummett KA, Clauw DJ, Williams DA. The
Michigan Body Map and Its Use in Assessing the American College of
Rheumatology Survey Criteria for Fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatism
2011;63 (10 supplement)(S368.