Ms. Fisher
Classification
Pg. 46-177 Chapters 3-8 Unit Test
3 DomainsBacteria, Archaea, Eucarya
Kingdom Animal
5 Kingdoms
Animal Plant Fungi Protist Moneran
(Very general) only a few traits in common
Phylum Chordata
(common trait: spine)
Mammal
bird
Reptile
Amphibian
Class Mammals
(Common trait: Hair, Milk)
DomainKingdom Phylum Class OrderFamilyGenus Species
Species If you are in the same species you have MANY traits in common!
Chapter 3-8 Notes on Classification
3 DomainsBacteria, Archaea, & Eucarya

Prokaryotes (cells without true nucleus)
Prokaryotes separate into Eubacteria (now Bacteria) and Archaebacteria

Eukaryotes (cells with a true nucleus)
-Scientist believe this is where our current Kingdoms originated from; Animal, Plant and
Fungi
5 Kingdoms  Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protist, & Moneran
Monera: includes Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Individuals are single-celled, may or may not move, have a cell wall, have no
chloroplasts or other organelles, and have no nucleus. Monera are usually very
tiny, although one type, namely the blue-green bacteria, look like algae. They are
filamentous and quite long, green, but have no visible structure inside the cells. No
visible feeding mechanism. They absorb nutrients through the cell wall or produce
their own by photosynthesis.
Protista
Protists are single-celled and usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid
mechanisms. There is usually no cell wall, although some forms may have a cell
wall. They have organelles including a nucleus and may have chloroplasts, so
some will be green and others won't be. They are small, although many are big
enough to be recognized in a dissecting microscope or even with a magnifying
glass. Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organisms, or
both.
Fungi
Fungi are multicellular, with a cell wall, organelles including a nucleus, but no
chloroplasts. They have no mechanisms for locomotion. Fungi range in size from
microscopic to very large (such as mushrooms). Nutrients are acquired by
absorption. For the most part, fungi acquire nutrients from decaying material.
Plantae
Plants are multicellular and most don't move, although gametes of some plants
move using cilia or flagella. Organelles including nucleus, chloroplasts are present,
and cell walls are present. Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis (they all
require sunlight).
Animalia
Animals are multicellular, and move with the aid of cilia, flagella, or muscular
organs based on contractile proteins. They have organelles including a nucleus, but
no chloroplasts or cell walls. Animals acquire nutrients by ingestion.
You have nine Major Phyla pg.137
---------------------------------------------------invertebrates vertebrate
Porifera-Sponges
Chordata- Reptiles
Cnidaria-Jellyfish
Fish, birds,
Flat/Round Worms
mammals
Annelida-Segmented Worms
Soft body Animals- snails
Mollusca-clams
Arthropoda-insects
Echinodermata- sea stars
You have 5 Major Classes
Mammalia Fish( 2 kinds bony & Cartilaginous) Aves(Birds)
Reptiles
Amphibians
Orders
Each class is divided into small groups, known as orders.
The class Mammalia (Mammals,) splits into different groups including
Carnivora, Primate, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia.
Family
In every order, there are different families of animals which all have very similar
features. The Carnivora order breaks into families that include Felidae (Cats),
Canidae (Dogs), Ursidae (Bears), and Mustelidae (Weasels).
Genus
Every animal family is then divided into small groups known as genus. Each genus
contains animals that have very similar features and are closely related. For
example, the Felidae (Cat) family contains genus including Felis (small Cats and
domestic Cats), Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions) and Puma
(Panthers and Cougars).
Species
Each individual species within the genus is named after it's individual features and
characteristics. The names of animals are in Latin so that they can be understood
worldwide, and consist of two words. The first word in the name of an animal will
be the genus, and the second name indicates the specific species.
Example 1 - Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal)
Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrate)
Class: Mammalia (Mammal)
Order: Carnivora (Carnivore)
Family: Felidae (Cat)
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris (Tiger)
Example 2 - Orang-utan
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal)
Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrate)
Class: Mammalia (Mammal)
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae (Great Apes)
Genus: Pongo
Species: Pongo pygmaeus (Orang-Utan)