Impact of ring and compact spinning systems
on the quality of Egyptian cotton properties
1
El-Banna, M.N., 2M.A.M. El-Sayed, 3M.A.A. Nassar, 4A.A.A. El-Banna
1,3,4
Fac. Agric., Saba Basha, Alex. Univ., Egypt.
2
Cotton Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
The study aims to evaluating the quality of the Egyptian cotton properties
under two systems of ring and compact spinning . Two commercial cotton varieties named
Giza 88 and Giza 92 belong to a category named Extra-long staple cotton, in addition to a
new promising cross G77 x Pima S6 (Giza 93) which also belong to the same category. The
three factors i.e. (spinning system, cotton variety and yarn count) were studied. The three
cotton genotypes were spun into 100'S, 120 , and 140 Ne.
The best yarn quality for yarn strength and yarn evenness (C.V.%) were
recorded by compact spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 93 at yarn count 100'S.
However, yarn imperfections (thick places /1000 m) was gained from the compact
spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 93 , compact spinning system of the yarn count
140'S and cotton variety Giza 88 spun at 140 'S), Thin places /1000 m was recorded from
the ring spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 93, ring spinning system of the yarn
count 100'S and cotton variety Giza 92 spun at 100 'S and neps/1000 m was obtained from
the ring spinning system of yarn count 100'S with cotton variety Giza 92 . These cotton
genotypes showed a wide range of variation in fiber and yarn properties. So, they could
meet the requirement of a quite large section of the cotton textile industry.
The strongest, longest and finest cottons produced the best yarn quality and were
capable of acceptable spinning performance, in addition to the priorities. Yarn
manufacturers are asking for higher fiber strength. The Egyptian extra long and extra fine
cottons enjoyed the merits and attributes of high potential spinning performance because
of their high fiber quality and thus deserve higher prices.
INTRODUCTION
Utilization of Egyptian cotton in producing fine yarns with high quality to be
exported would provide great economical advantages allowing Egypt to dominate world
market since there would be no strong competition in this respect from countries producing
yarns. The improvement of cotton relies mainly upon the Cotton Research Institute, who,
through a long process of breeding, maintenance, evaluation of fiber and yarn quality and
spinning test arrives at new varieties of superior quality to replace the old ageing ones.
Consequently, strenuous efforts have been always directed towards improving its quality to
maintain the worldwide reputation it has gained.
In recent years, it is expected that Egyptian companies that produce yarn
compatible with the worldwide standard price will survive. This means that the race for
1
economical compatibility will continue and perhaps at a more forceful level. The future
impact of this race on yarn quality remains to be seen.
The spinning test carried out in Cotton Research Institute (CRI), lies not only on
the practical opinions expressed as to the quality of the varieties examined, but also on the
fact that it provides a useful link between the breeders and industry; by this means new
varieties can be launched in the market to the notice of spinners much earlier than would
otherwise happen, and the breeders on their side are able to gain some idea of the trade
reaction to the new cotton varieties. Spinning process is one of the most costly processes in
textile industry though, cotton breeders, technologists and spinners are primarily interested
in translating the qualities of raw cotton into the qualities of yarn
• Ring spinning: In Egypt, much breeding effort has been directed towards enhancing
cotton fiber length, strength and fineness to promote ring spinning performance. Ring
spinning is the oldest type of spinning techniques available today. Thus, it has been
continuously perfected since its initial development in the 19th century. Furthermore, the
introduction of other types of spinning in the 20th century has resulted in additional
developments and innovative designs in ring spinning to keep pace with the high
productivity of the new systems.
EI Mogahzy (1998) reported that the true market power of ring spinning lies
in its unsurpassed yarn quality and in its diversity. It is true that new spinning techniques
can produce yarn at more than 6 times the linear production rate of ring spinning.
However, ring spinning is the only system that can produce yarn at virtually any count
from 4's to 240's and of both soft and hard twist. This point may be the primary reason for
the survival of ring spinning particularly in an era in which product-range flexibility has
become a significant economical plus. We must point out, however, that such diversity is
not a result of the spinning design only but also (and often of more importance) a result of
the art of fiber selection.
• Compact spinning : Most of the technical advances in ring spinning aimed to
improve the performance of the existing technology. Compact spinning technology has
been gaining much more interest since its first commercial introduction at ITMA-Paris in
1999 and it can best be described as a modification of the basic ring frame and friction
spinning technique. The air current seizes the fiber as they leave the front roller nipping
line, condensing the fiber strand. The result is the dramatic reduction of the spinning
"triangle" and better fiber alignment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Egyptian cotton genotypes named Giza 88, Giza 92 and Giza 93 these three
cottons belong to the category of Extra-long staple varieties, as shown in Table (1).
Cotton samples of approximately 100 Kg of ginned lint, were used in order to
perform both fiber and spinning tests. The spinning tests were done in "The Pilot Spinning
Mill", Cotton Research Institute, while the combing process was done in Almatex Spinning
Co., Al-Sadat city. The tabulated fiber properties showed that the desired characteristics
from each cotton variety and promising cross grown in each region were, in fact, obtained.
The Egyptian commercial cotton varieties Giza 88 and Giza 92 and promising cross Giza
77 x Pima S6 (Giza 93) were spun into the two different spinning systems i.e. (ring and
compact spinning) and the three yarn counts (100, 120 and 140 Ne) .
2
Table (1): The pedigree and origin of cotton the genotypes
Species
Cotton genotypes
Giza 88
G .barbadense
Giza 92
G .barbadense
Giza 93
G .barbadense
Pedigree
Year
Original
Category
color
G77 x G45B
G84(G74 x G68)
G77 x Pima S6
1999
released
2009
-
Egypt
source
Egypt
Egypt
Extra long
Extra long
Extra long
Creamy
White
Creamy
Studied Properties:
All samples were opened and left for 24 hours at least under the standard
conditions of 65% ± 2% relative humidity and 20 ± 2°C temperature before being tested .
Fiber Properties:
The High Volume Instrument (HVI) Spectrum II system was used for
testing the following fiber properties according to the standard method: Fiber upper half
mean length (U.H.M.) (mm.), length uniformity index, fiber bundle strength (g/tex), fiber
elongation (%), micronaire value, maturity index, fiber brightness or reflectance degree (Rd
%), Chroma or degree of yellowness (+b)
.
Production of yarns :
The two Egyptian commercial cotton varieties and a promising cross were
spun into two different spinning systems, yarn counts on the same twist multiplier (4.3).
Studied samples were spun at ring and compact spinning, at the Cotton Technology
Research Laboratories, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza,
Egypt, and yarn properties were determined under standard conditions
Table (2) :Production of yarns:
Cotton genotypes
Ring spinning
Compact spinning
Combed
Giza 88
Giza 92
Giza 93
100'S, 120'S, 140'S
100'S, 120'S, 140'S
100'S, 120'S, 140'S
100'S , 120'S, 140'S
100'S , 120'S, 140'S
100'S , 120'S, 140'S
Yarn Properties:
Single yarn strength and elongation: The breaking load and elongation percentage of the
single yam were measured using Uster Tensorapid Tester according to the ASTM (D-225680)
Yarn English count: The broken skein was weighed and the yarn English count was
calculated according to the standard method
.
Yarn uniformity and imperfections:
Yarn evenness (C.V. %): It is the coefficient of variance of the linear density over which
unevenness is measured expressed as percentage of the linear density for the total length
measured.
Yarn imperfections: The average number of thin places, thick places and neps were
determined in 1000 meter of the yarn as well as the yarn evenness CV% by the Uster
3
Evenness Tester as recommended by Uster standards following the practice of ASTM (D1425-81).The sensitivity settings at the imperfection indicator were according to the
following: For thin places - 50 %, thick places + 50 % and neps + 200 %.
Statistical analysis: The present investigation was carried out in a completely
randomized design with three replications. Data attained were statistically analyzed as a
factorial experiment with three replicates. Single and combined analysis of variance, were
performed according to Snedecor and Cochran (1967). The least significant differences
(L.S.D.) between means were also calculated for the studied characters
.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The attained results of this work will be presented and discussed in four main
parts as follows:
1. HVI fiber properties:
Data tabulated in Table (3) indicated that the cotton genotypes had a highly
significant effect on the fiber length parameters ( Upper half mean length (U.H.M.) and
length uniformity index (U.I.)), fiber mechanical properties (fiber bundle strength and
elongation percentage), micronaire value and color attributes (fiber reflectance degree (Rd
%) and yellowness degree (+b)). On the contrary, maturity index was insignificantly
affected by varietal effects.
The cotton varieties Giza 93 and Giza 88 recorded the highest mean values (36.8
mm and 88.5 %) for upper half mean length (U.H.M.) and length uniformity index (U.I.),
respectively. While, the lowest mean values (34.1 mm and 87.5 %) for the same traits,
respectively, were reached from the cotton varieties Giza 92, as shown in Table (3).
These results are in agreement with those obtained by Nomeir et al. (1990), who
mention that the important physical properties of cotton fiber such as fiber length, fineness,
maturity and strength vary considerably depending on the variety of cotton. Wali (2003)
and Fouda (2004), found that there were highly significant difference in the upper half
mean length and length uniformity index among the studied varieties. Also Etman (2010)
indicated that the physical properties of the cotton fiber significantly differed depend on
the genetic structure of the cultivar.
The mean values of the fiber bundle strength and elongation percentage (47.8
g/tex and 6.9 %) were given by the cotton variety Giza 88, respectively. Meanwhile, the
lowest mean values (46.7 g/tex and 6.1 %) for the same traits were recorded by the cotton
variety Giza 93, respectively.
These results confirmed the findings obtained by Beheary (2001), who denoted
that the fiber maturity and bundle strength are varietal characteristics, basically, affected by
cotton genome, Wali (2003), Yehia (2003), Fouda (2004), Hassan and Sanad (2006),
Osman (2007) and Etman (2010), who mention that there were highly significant
differences among studied cotton varieties in fiber strength and elongation (%).
The cotton variety Giza 92 recorded the highest mean value, indicated for coarse
fibers (3.8 unit) for micronaire value. While, the lowest mean value, indicated for coarse
fibers (3.2 unit)for the same traits was reached from the cotton variety Giza 93, as shown
in Table (3). This character is largely depends on the genetic structure which differs from
variety to another. These results were in harmony with those obtained by Behery (1993)
4
who stated that the fiber perimeter and diameter were significantly affected by the cotton
variety.
Table (3):
Mean values of the studied H.V.I fiber properties as affected by the cotton genotypes.
Characters
Fiber length
Varieties
Giza 88
Giza 92
Giza 93
U.H.M.L
(mm)
Uniformity
index(%)
35.7 b
34.1 c
36.8 a
88.5 a
87.5 b
87.6 b
Strength
(cN/tex)
47.8
47.5
46.7
Elongation
(%)
a
a
b
6.9
6.4
6.1
a
b
b
Micronaire
Value
3.7
3.8
3.2
a
a
b
Maturity
index
0.95
0.96
0.95
a
a
a
Values of color
attributes
Rd%
+b
67.3 b
77.3 a
66.4 c
11.7 a
8.6 b
11.4 a
Mean with the same letter within each column are not significant differences at 0.05 level of probability
Rd % : Reflectance degree.
+b : Yellowness degree.
Also Abd El-Gelil (2001) and Wali (2003) stated that there were significant
differences among the studied varieties for the micronaire value. The mean values of the
maturity index ranged from (0.95 to 0.96) for the studied cotton genotypes showing no
significant difference, regarding this short range .
The mean values of the color brightness or reflectance degree (Rd %) ranged
from (66.4 to 77.3 %) for the studied cotton genotypes. The highest mean value of this trait
(77.3 %) was recorded by the cotton variety Giza 92. Whereas, the lowest mean value
(66.4 %) was gained by the cotton variety Giza 93.
Concerning the yellowness degree (+b), the highest mean value (11.7) was given
by the cotton variety Giza 88. On the other side, the lowest mean value (8.6) was possessed
by the cotton variety Giza 92, as shown in Table (3).
The difference in the reflectance degree (+b) may be attributed to the genetic
characteristics of the cultivar, as some of the Egyptian cultivars are naturally white while
the others are naturally creamy in color in different degrees.
In this connection, similar results were attained by Fouda (2004) and Etman
(2010) who stated that there were highly significant differences among the studied cotton
varieties in the fiber reflectance degree (Rd%) and yellowness degree (+b).
2. Yarn properties:
Data presented in Table (4) showed the mean values of the yarn properties
, i.e. single yarn strength, yarn elongation (%),yarn evenness (C.V. %), yarn imperfections
(thin places, thick places and neps / 1000 m) for extra long staple varieties (Giza 88, Giza
92 and Giza 93) under the three yarn counts of 100'S, 120'S and 140'S combed yarns.
The attained results of the yarn properties for the three cotton varieties used in this
investigation will be presented and discussed herein during four sub-categories as follows:
2.1. Effect of spinning systems on yarn properties:
Results attained indicated that the effect of the spinning systems treatments
had a highly significant on yarn strength , yarn evenness (C.V. %) and the differences in
5
the number of thick places /1000 m. Whereas, the differences in yarn elongation (%), thin
places and neps / 1000 m were insignificant due to the spinning system effect , as given in
Table (4)
The highest mean value (24.308 cN/ tex ) for single yarn strength was
possessed by the compact spinning. Meanwhile, the lowest one (23.419 cN/ tex) was
recorded from the ring spinning. This could be attributed to the difference in the yarn
structure.
Generally, it could be concluded that the single yarn strength correspondingly
increased by increasing number of fibers in yarn cross-section for the two studied spinning
systems.
Table (4): Mean values of the yarn properties as affected by the spinning systems , cotton
varieties, yarn counts and their interaction during the treatments of 100'S, 120'S and
140'S combed yarns.
Properties
Single Yarn
Strength
(cN/tex)
Treatments
Elongation
(%)
Evenness
(C.V%)
Thin Places
/1000m
Thick Places
/1000m
Neps
/1000m
Spinning systems (S)
Ring
spinning
23.419 b
4.372
a
12.230 a
63.370 a
138.370 a
97.444 a
Compact
spinning
24.308 a
4.340
a
11.856 b
59.777 a
92.851 b
91.185 a
71.556 a
59.000 b
54.167 b
140.889 a
99.111 b
106.833 b
92.389 b
84.500 b
106.056 a
52.056 b
67.000 a
65.667 a
128.000 b
142.778 a
76.055 c
78.444 b
86.278 b
118.222 a
*
**
**
N.S.
*
**
**
N.S.
N.S.
**
**
N.S.
Cotton varieties (V)
Cotton
varieties
Giza 88
Giza 92
Giza 93
23.479 b
23.517 b
24.597 a
Yarn
counts
100'S
120'S
140'S
25.115 a
23.858 b
22.620 c
(S * V)
(S * C)
(V * C)
(S * V *C)
*
*
**
*
4.272 a 12.017 b
4.281 a 12.606 a
4.516 a 11.507 c
Yarn counts (C)
4.338 a 11.570 c
4.322 a 12.453 a
4.409 a 12.107 b
Interaction
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
**
**
**
N.S.
**
Means designated by the same letter within each column are not significantly different
* : Significant at 0.05 level of probability.
**: Significant at 0.01 level of probability.
N.S.: Not significant.
These results are in agreement with those of Merati and Okamuia (2000),
who concluded that the superior strength of yarn made by the convergent channel is due to
differences in its structure
6
The highest mean value (12.230 % and 138.370 / 1000 m ) for yarn
evenness(C.V. %) and thick places /1000 m were possessed by the ring spinning,
respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest mean value of the same traits (11.856 % and 92.851 /
1000 m ) were recorded from the compact spinning, respectively. This could be attributed
to the difference in the yarn structure.
Variation in spinning performance between different cotton could be
attributed to the effects of fiber fineness, maturity, and mean length.
Generally, it could be concluded that the number of yarn imperfections of
the ring spinning system were positively associated with the studied yarn count.
2.2. Effect of varietal differences on yarn properties:
Considering data in Table (4), it is obvious that the studied cotton varieties
had significant effects on the yarn strength, yarn evenness (C.V. %) and yarn imperfections
(thin places, thick places and neps/ 1000 m). Meanwhile, no significant effect was
observed for yarn elongation due to varietal causes, as presented in Table (4).
The highest values (24.597 cN/ tex and 12.606 % ) of yarn strength and
yarn evenness were recorded for cotton varieties Giza 93 and Giza 92, respectively .
whereas the lowest mean value s of the same traits (23.479 cN/ tex and 11.507 % ) were
attained by cotton varieties Giza 88 and Giza 93, respectively.
It could be concluded that the single yarn strength (cN/ tex) of cotton
variety followed the same trend and gradually decreased by the fiber length (mm). Yarn
evenness (C.V.%) was gradually increased with increasing fiber length , fiber strength and
decreased short fiber content.
These results could be attributed to increasing number of the fibers in the yarn
cross-section with the cottons of lower micronaire reading and longest fiber length.
Generally, fiber length, fineness and strength are the most important factors in
determining the spinning limit, and as the cotton variety Giza 93 was higher in fiber length
(36.8 mm) than (34.1 mm) for Giza 92. (Table 3).
These results are in agreement with those of Abd El -Salam (1999), who
stated that the spinning limit or the fineness count depends on fiber properties (such as
length, fineness and maturity) It could be concluded that higher fiber strength and higher
elongation lead to a higher spinning limit. He also added that, fiber fineness determines
the number of fiber in yarn cross - section, while fiber length determines the number of turns
per unit length that a fiber makes along length.
Concerning number of thin places and thick places the highest mean values
were recorded by the cotton variety Giza 88 (71.556 and 140.889 / 1000 m), respectively,
while, the lowest ones were gained by the cotton varieties Giza 93 and Giza 92 (54.167 and
99.111 / 1000 m), respectively.
As for number of neps /1000 m, the highest mean values were possessed by the
cotton variety Giza 93 (106.056 /1000 m). Meanwhile, the lowest one was gained by Giza
92 (84.500 / 1000 m), as illustrated in the Table (4).
These results are in line with those obtained by Tantawy (1977) who stated that
the ability to form neps varied from one variety to another. It could be said that the extra
long staple cultivars usually have stronger fibers and the ability to from neps varied from
one variety to another. Also, it could be noticed that the differences in yarn imperfections
(thin places and thick places / 1000 m.) were increased as the fiber length was decreased. It
is well known that the number of neps is negatively associated with the micronaire reading.
7
2.3. Effect of yarn counts on yarn properties:
With regard to Table (4), it is obvious that the yarn count had significant
effects on the yarn strength, yarn evenness (C.V. %) and yarn imperfections (thin places,
thick places and neps /1000 m) . Meanwhile no significant effect was noticed for yarn
elongation, as presented in Table (4).
The highest mean values of yarn strength and yarn evenness (C.V. %)
(25.115 cN/ tex and 12.453 %) were attained by the yarn spun at 100'S and 120'S (English
count), respectively . On the contrary, the lowest value of the same traits (22.620 cN/ tex
and 11.570 % ) were recorded from the yarn spun at 140'S and 100'S (English count).
It could be summarized that yarn strength (g / tex ) and yarn evenness (C.V.
%) were gradually decreased as yarn count increased among all studied cotton varieties.
These results are in agreement with those of Ashour et al. (1991), Ismail and
Abd El-Mohsen (1991), Sawires et al. (1993), Ali (1994), El-Sayed (2000) and Sanad
and EL-Sayed (2006). Who stated that single yarn strength (cN/ tex ) decreased
significantly with increasing yarn count.
The highest mean values of yarn imperfections (thin places, thick places and
neps /1000 m) (67,000 , 142.778 and 118.222 /1000 m) were attained by the yarn spun at
120'S yarn count for thin places, thick places /1000 m and yarn spun at 140'S yarn count
for neps, respectively. On the contrary, the lowest values of the same trait (52.056, 76.055
and 78.444 /1000 m) were recorded from the yarn spun at 100'S yarn count for thin places
and neps /1000 m and yarn spun at 140'S yarn count for thick places, respectively.
Generally, the yarn imperfections (thin places and neps /1000 m) were increased
with increasing yarn count from 100'S to 140'S.
These results are in similar with those obtained by El-Sayed (2000) and Wali (2003).
2.4.Effect of interactions on yarn properties:
From Table (4), it could noticed that the first order interactions (S * V), (S
* C) and (V * C) and the second order interactions (S * V * C) of the three studied factors,
spinning system (S), variety (V) and yarn count (C) for were significant most cases of 16
out of 24 cases, it means that each factor behaved in different way by changing the other
factors. Meanwhile, the remain interactions (8 cases) were not significant, especially for
yarn elongation, indicating that each factor may be acted as an independent factor.
The highest mean values of the single yarn strength (24.96, 25.64, 25.59 and
25.86 cN/ tex ) were reached by the compact spinning system of the cotton variety Giza
93, compact spinning system of the 100'S yarn count, cotton variety Giza 93 spun at 100'S
and compact spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 93 for the 100'S. However, the
lowest ones (22.93, 22.33, 21.66 and 21.39 cN/ tex ) were attained by ring spinning system
of the cotton variety Giza 92, ring spinning system of the 140'S yarn count, cotton variety
Giza 88 spun at 140'S and ring spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 88 for the 140'S,
as shown in Tables (5, 6, 7 and 8) .
Generally, the single yarn strength was gradually decreased as the yarn count
increased among all studied cotton varieties.
The highest mean value of the yarn elongation (%) (4.64) was reached by the
cotton variety Giza 93 spun at 100 'S. On the other hand, the lowest one (3.94 %) was
given from cotton variety Giza 88 spun at 120'S, as shown in Table (7) .
As for yarn evenness (C.V.%), the highest mean values (12.49, 12.69 and
13.02 ) were reached by the ring spinning system of the 120'S yarn count, cotton variety
8
Giza 92 spun at 100'S and ring spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 92 for the 100'S,
respectively, as shown in Tables 6, 7 and 8 . On the other hand, the lowest mean values of
the same trait (11.15, 10.79 and 10.54) were recorded from the compact spinning system
of the 100'S, cotton variety Giza 93 spun at 100'S and compact spinning system of the
cotton variety Giza 93 for the 100'S, respectively.
As for yarn imperfections (thin places /1000 m), the highest mean values
(82.00, 85.89 and 92.33) were reached by the ring spinning system of the cotton variety
Giza 88, ring spinning system of the 120'S yarn count and cotton variety Giza 88 spun at
Table (5): The interaction between spinning systems (S) and cotton varieties (V) for
strength, thin and thick places / 1000m .
Parameters
Strength
(cN/tex)
Thin Places
/1000m
Thick Places
/1000m
Spinning systems (S)
Cotton varieties (V)
Ring
Compact
Ring
Compact
Ring
Compact
Giza 88
23.09
23.86
82.00
61.11
171.00
110.78
Giza 92
22.93
24.10
61.67
56.33
111.67
86.56
Giza 93
24.23
24.96
46.44
61.89
132.44
81.22
L.S.D
0.254
16.300
19.379
120'S, respectively . On the other hand, the lowest mean values of the same trait (46.44,
35.78 and 46.34) were gained from the ring spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 93,
ring spinning system of the 100'S yarn count and cotton variety Giza 92 spun at 100'S,
respectively, as shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7.
As for yarn imperfections (thick places /1000 m), the highest mean values (
171.00, 193.00 and 188.33) were recorded by the ring spinning system of the cotton
variety Giza 88, ring spinning system of the 120'S yarn count and cotton variety Giza 88
spun at 120'S, respectively. While, the lowest mean values of the same trait (81.22 , 73.33
and 69.00) were gained by the compact spinning system of the cotton variety Giza 93,
compact spinning system of the 140'S yarn count and cotton variety Giza 88 spun at 140 'S,
respectively, as shown in Tables (5, 6 and 7)
The ring spinning system of the 140'S yarn count and cotton variety Giza 92
spun at 140'S recorded the highest mean values of neps/ 1000 m (133.33 and 130.66 /1000
m), respectively, while the lowest mean values of the same trait (71.89 and 59.84 /1000 m)
were obtained by the ring spinning system of the 100'S yarn count and cotton variety Giza
92 spun at 100'S, respectively.
9
Table (6):The interaction between spinning systems (S) and yarn counts (C) for strength, evenness, thin and thick places /1000m and neps /
1000m .
Parameters
Strength (cN/tex)
Evenness (C.V%)
Thin Places1000/m
Thick Places 1000/m
Neps 1000/m
Spinning systems (S) 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S
24.59 23.34 22.33 11.99 12.49 12.21 35.78 85.89 68.44 143.33 193.02 78.78 71.89 87.11 133.33
Ring spinning
Compact spinning
L.S.D
25.64
24.38
0.254
22.91
11.15
12.41
0.228
12.01
68.34
48.11 62.89 112.67 92.56
16.300
19.379
73.33
85.00
85.44 103.11
12.976
Table (7): The interaction between cotton varieties (V) and yarn counts (C) for single yarn properties during the treatments of 100'S, 120'S
and 140'S combed yarns.
Parameters
Strength (cN/tex)
Elongation (%)
Evenness (C.V%)
Thin Places1000/m
Cotton varieties (V) 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S 100'S 120'S 140'S
Thick Places 1000/m
100'S
Neps 1000/m
120'S
140'S
100'S
120'S
140'S
Giza 88
24.99
23.80
21.66
4.33
3.94
4.55
11.23
12.37
12.45
62.50
92.33
59.84
165.34 188.33
69.00
70.33
81.33
125.50
Giza 92
24.78
23.05
22.73
4.05
4.41
4.39
12.69
12.57
12.57
46.34
59.50
71.17
103.34 110.17
83.84
59.84
63.00
130.66
Giza 93
L.S.D
25.59
24.74
23.48
4.64
4.63
4.29
10.79
12.44
11.30
47.34
49.17
66.00
115.33 129.84
75.33
105.17 114.50
98.50
0.311
0.409
0.279
10
19.964
23.734
15.892
Table (15): The interaction between spinning systems (S), cotton varieties (V) and
yarn counts (C) for strength and evenness during the treatments of 100'S,
120'S and 140'S combed yarns.
Strength (cN/tex)
Ring
Cotton
varieties
Com
100'S
Ring
Com
120'S
Evenness (C.V%)
Ring
Com
Ring
140'S
Com
100'S
Ring
Com
120'S
Ring
Com
140'S
Giza 88
24.56 25.41 23.33 24.27 21.39 21.92 11.90 10.56 12.49 12.24 12.46 12.44
Giza 92
23.90 25.65 22.57 23.52 22.33 23.13 13.02 12.35 12.46 12.67 12.86 12.28
Giza 93
25.31 25.86 24.11 25.36 23.28 23.67 11.04 10.54 12.54 12.33 11.30 11.30
L.S.D
0.439
0.394
Conclusion:
Generally, it could be concluded that the yarn quality of the three studied
yarn counts i.e. 100'S, 120'S and 140'S, were found to be more affected with spinning
system as well as the cotton variety during the treatments. Fiber strength, length, fineness
(micronaire) and uniformity index were the most contributors to yarn strength. Fiber
elongation, length, fineness and uniformity index were the most contributors to yarn
elongation, Micronaire value, length, uniformity index were the most contributors to
yarn evenness. However, the relative importance and contribution of fiber properties to
yarn quality differed between cotton categories, differed from yarn count to another, as
well as differed between the two spinning systems.
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12
‫تأثير نظامى الغزل الحلقى والمدمج على خواص الجودة فى القطن المصرى‬
‫محمد نجيب البنا ‪ 1‬محمد عبدالرحمن السيد ‪ 2‬محمد عبدالجواد نصار ‪ 3‬على احمد البنا‬
‫‪ 1,3,4‬كلية زراعة ساباباشا ‪ -‬جامعة االسكندرية ‪ -‬مصر‬
‫‪ 2‬معهد بحوث القطن ‪ -‬مركز البحوث الزراعية ‪ -‬الجيزة ‪ -‬مصر‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫هذه الدراسة للخواص األلياف والغزل من األصناف التجارية المصرية المنزرعة وتظهر هذه األصناف‬
‫مجموعة واسعة من التباين في خصائص األلياف والغزل لذلك يمكن أن تلبي متطلبات شريحة واسعة من صناعة‬
‫المنسوجات القطنية‪.‬‬
‫بالتالي يمكن أن ينظر إلى أصناف القطن المصرى التجارية مثل األصناف القياسية واألصناف الجديدة و‬
‫مقارنة الساللة الجديدة معهم للعثور على مدى التقدم الذى تحقق في تحسين نوعية القطن المصري‪.‬‬
‫واستخدم فى هذه الدراسة أصناف القطن المصرى التجارية من مجموعة االقطان فائقة الطول‪ :‬هذه األصناف‬
‫التجارية هي جيزة ‪ ،88‬الجيزة ‪.22‬‬
‫والصنف المبشر الجديد جيزة ‪( 23‬هجين جيزة ‪ X 77‬بيما س‪ )6‬و تم غزل هذه األصناف على نمر غزل‬
‫تدريجية ‪( 1411 , 121 , 111‬النظام االنجليزى ) على نظامى الغزل الحلقى والمدمج‪.‬‬
‫وتشير أهم النتائج الى أن تأثير صنف القطن معنويا ً على جميع صفات االلياف التى تم دراستها فيماعدا صفة‬
‫معامل النضج أما بالنسبة صفات خيط الغزل كان تأثيره معنويا على جميع الصفات التى تم دراستها ( متانة الخيط ‪ -‬انتظامية‬
‫الخيط ‪ -‬عدد المناطق السميكة والرفيعة وعدد العقد ‪ 1111 /‬متر) فيماعدا صفة استطالة الخيط‪ .‬أما بالنسبة لنظام الغزل كان‬
‫تأثيره معنويا على كالً من متانة الخيط ‪ -‬انتظامية الخيط ‪ -‬عدد المناطق السميكة ‪1111 /‬متر وغير معنويا على كال من‬
‫استطالة الخيط ‪ -‬عدد المناطق الرفيعة وعدد العقد ‪ 1111 /‬متر‪ .‬أما بالنسبة لنمرة الخيط كان تأثيرها معنويا على جميع‬
‫الصفات التى تم دراستها فيماعدا صفة استطالة الخيط‪.‬‬
‫أعطت االقطان االمتن واالطول واالنعم أفضل نوعية غزل وكانت قادرة على أداء الغزول المطلوبة حيث يتم تقييم‬
‫أداء الغزل في االساس عن طريق معدل القطوع لكل الف ساعة غزل لذلك الشركات المصنعة للغزل يطلبون األلياف عالية‬
‫المتانة‪ .‬تتمتع االقطان المصرية فائقة الطول فائقة النعومة بمزايا وسمات األداء الغزل العالية بسبب جودة أليافها العالية و‬
‫تستحق بالتالي ارتفاع أسعارها‪.‬‬
‫‪13‬‬