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Alyssia Weilacher
Chemistry
Period 6
October 28, 2013
The Molecules Around Me
Category: Food and nutritional supplements
Product Information
Name: Cheez-It
Description: Baked Snack Crackers
Ingredients: Enriched Flour (Wheat Flour, Niacin, Reduced Iron, Thiamin Mononitrate [Vitamin
B1], Riboflavin [Vitamin B2], Folic Acid), Vegetable Oil (Soybean And Palm Oil With TBHQ
For Freshness), Cheese Made With Skim Milk (Skim Milk, Whey Protein, Cheese Cultures, Salt,
Enzymes, Annatto Extract For Color), Contains Two Percent Or Less Of Salt, Paprika, Yeast,
Paprika Oleoresin For Color, Soy Lecithin.
Compound Information
Compound 1- Niacin (Active Ingredient)
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Molecular Formula: C6H5NO2
Inorganic because it doesn’t contain Carbon.
Summary: Niacin, also called nicotinic acid, is a B vitamin (vitamin B3). Its found
naturally in plants and animals, and is also added to many foods as a vitamin supplement.
It is also found in many multiple vitamins and nutritional supplements. Niacin is used to
treat and prevent a lack of natural niacin in the body, and to lower cholesterol and
triglycerides (types of fat) in the blood. It is also used to lower the risk of heart attack in
people with high cholesterol who have already had a heart attack. It is sometimes used to
treat coronary artery disease (also called atherosclerosis).
Compound 2- Thiamin (inactive ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C12H17CIN4OS
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Thiamin, also known as Vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin that is added
to foods to supplement nutrition. Manufacturers usually add B vitamins to food either
under federal mandate, to improve nutrition and make health claims for their foods. Flour
manufacturers, for example, are required to add thiamin to white flour because the
milling process strips the wheat of many essential nutrients.
Compound 3- Reduced Iron (Active Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: Fe2O3
Inorganic because it doesn’t contain Carbon.
Summary: Reduced iron is put in food to give people the iron they need. The most
absorbable form of reduced iron is found in oysters, meats, poultry and fish. However, a
less absorbable form is found in dried fruits, leafy vegetables, wine and molasses. You
can also take Iron tablets if you are lacking Iron.
Reduced iron is used a lot in the steel and iron industry. Reduced iron is richer than pig
iron, which makes it a good fuel for electrical needs.
As mentioned in The New York Times' health section, women who are menstruating are
also lacking iron. Also, runners often lack Iron which can lead to health benefits. The
aforementioned publication mentions that those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders
have a hard time absorbing Iron from food, therefore it is highly suggested they take
reduced iron capsules.
Iron deficiency anemia is a common disease that people with low iron suffer from.
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Reduced iron is a necessity for the body, because it carries oxygen in the bloodstream.
Having Iron in your body helps with breast-feeding and offers HIV support.
There are major health concerns related to iron deficiency in children such as memory
loss and lower childhood intelligence and athletic performance. Other iron deficiency
concerns are depression, iron-deficiency anemia, celiac disease, restless leg syndrome,
Alzheimer’s disease and infertility in females.
Pregnant women should talk to their doctors before taking mineral supplements.
Compound 4- Riboflavin (Active Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C17H20N4O6
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, or additive E101 is an essential nutrient
for human health. Riboflavin can be found in grains, plants and dairy products.
Vitamin B2 is crucial for breaking down food components, absorbing other nutrients, and
maintaining tissue.
Our bodies need vitamin B2 to help break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It plays
a vital role in maintaining the body's energy supply. Riboflavin helps convert
carbohydrates into ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The human body produces ATP from
food, ATP produces energy as the body requires it. Put simply, the compound ATP is
vital for storing energy in muscles.
Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin. This means it dissolves in water. There are two
types of vitamins - water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried
through the bloodstream, whatever is not required is eliminated in urine. Therefore you
need to consume vitamin B2 everyday because supplies go down rapidly.
Compound 5- Folic Acid (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C19H19N7O6
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Folic Acid is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Water soluble means it
dissolves in water. It is carried through the bloodstream and excreted in urine. The human
body does not store folic acid, we have to consume it every day in order to make sure we
have adequate amounts. Folic acid is a key factor in the making (synthesis) of nucleic
acid - nucleic acid is one of a family of large molecules including DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
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Category: Healthcare and medicinal products.
Product Information:
Name: Sinus Relief PE
Description: Sinus pressure and congestion relief, chest congestion relief.
Ingredients: Active- Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine HCL. Inactive-Corn Starch, D&C Yellow #10
Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake, Magnesium
Stearate, Maltodextrin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinyl Alchahol,
Povidone, Silica Gel, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Stearic Acid, Talc, Titanium Dioxide.
Compound Information:
Compound 1- Guaifenesin (Active Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C10H14O4
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It helps loosen congestion in your chest and throat,
making it easier to cough out through your mouth.
Guaifenesin is used to reduce chest congestion caused by the common cold, infections, or
allergies.
Do not give guaifenesin to children younger than 4. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough
or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur In children if cough or cold medicine is misused.
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Drink extra fluids helps to loosen congestion and lubricate your throat while you take this
medication. This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do
anything that requires you to be alert.
Compound 2- Phenylephrine HCL (Active Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C9H13NO2
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as
a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil, and to increase blood pressure.
Phenylephrine is marketed as a substitute for the decongestant pseudoephedrine, though
clinical studies differ regarding phenylephrine's effectiveness in this role.
Compound 3-Maltodextrin (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C6nH(10n+2)O(5n+1)
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Maltodextrin is an oligosaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is
produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a white hygroscopic
spray powder. Maltodextrin is easy to digest, easily absorbed like glucose, and might a
little sweet or flavorless. It is usually used in sodas and candies. It can also be found as an
additive in a variety of many other foods.
Compound 4- Povidone (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a stable
chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elementaliodine. It
contains from 9.0% to 12.0% available iodine, calculated on a dry basis.
This compound was discovered at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia
by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski. They carried out tests in vitro to demonstrate
anti-bacterial activity, and found that the compound was less toxic in mice than tincture
of iodine. Human clinical trials showed the product to be superior to other iodine
formulations
It was first sold in 1955, and has since become the universally preferred iodine antiseptic.
Compound 5- Titanium Dioxide (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: TiO2
Inorganic because it does not contain Carbon.
Summary: Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally
occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891.
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Generally it is sourced from ilemite,rutile and anatase. It is used in many things, from paint
to sunscreen to food colouring. When used as a food colouring, it has E number E171.
Category: Personal hygiene and cleaning products.
Product Information:
Name: Secret Deoderant
Description: 48 hour odor protection to outlast your day.
Ingredients: Active-Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex. Inactive- Cyclopentasiloxane,
stearyl alchahol, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, PPG-14 Butyl Ether, Cyclodextrin, Pentrolatum,
Phenyltrimethicone, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Talc, Fragrance, Ozokerite, Behenyl Alchahol,
Panthenyl Triacetate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Acetyl Glucosamine.
Compound Information:
Compound 1- Cyclopentasiloxane (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5.
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a silicone fluid commonly used in
cosmetics such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products. It is
becoming more common in hair conditioners, because makes hair easier to brush without
breaking it down. It can also be found in other cosmetics like sunless tanning lotion and
underarm deodorants.
Compound 2- PPG-14 Butyl Ether (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: (CH3)3COCH3
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Methyl tert-butyl ether, also known as methyl tertiary butyl ether and MTBE,
is an organic compound with molecular formula (CH3)3COCH3. MTBE is a volatile,
flammable, and colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water.
Compound 3- Stearyl Alchahol (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C18H38O
Organic because it contains Carbon.
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Summary: Stearyl alcohol (also known as octadecyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol) is
an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH. It is a fatty alcohol. It takes
the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water. It has a variety of uses
as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes and cosmetics. It is used as
an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments of many sorts, and is commonly used
as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Compound 4- Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C3H5 (C18H35O3 )3.
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: Castor wax, also called hydrogenated castor oil, is a hard, brittle,
vegetable wax. It is odorless and insoluble in water. Castor wax is used in
polishes, cosmetics, electrical capacitors, carbon paper, lubrication, and coatings and
greases.
Compound 5- Acetyl Glucosamine (Inactive Ingredient)
Molecular Formula: C8H15NO6
Organic because it contains Carbon.
Summary: N-Acetylglucosamine (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, or GlcNAc, or NAG) is
a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is an amide between glucosamine and acetic
acid. It has a molecular formula of C8H15NO6, and a molar mass of 221.21 g/mol.