Appendix 1: Characters and character states used in the descriptions, with semantic phenotype
annotation.
Character description
Semantic phenotype
1. Body length
0: 5.5-9.1 mm
has part some (body and (is bearer of some (length
and (has_measurement some ((has_unit value mm)
and (has_magnitude some (float[>= 5.5f] and float[<=
9.1f])))))))
1: 7.0-7.8 mm
has part some (body and (is bearer of some (length
and (has_measurement some ((has_unit value mm)
and (has_magnitude some (float[>= 7.0f] and float[<=
7.8f])))))))
2: 4.6–8.0 mm
has part some (body and (is bearer of some (length
and (has_measurement some ((has_unit value mm)
and (has_magnitude some (float[>= 4.6f] and float[<=
8.0f])))))))
3: 5.3–6.6 mm
has part some (body and (is bearer of some (length
and (has_measurement some ((has_unit value mm)
and (has_magnitude some (float[>= 5.3f] and float[<=
6.6f])))))))
4: 6.5-6.8 mm
has part some (body and (is bearer of some (length
and (has_measurement some ((has_unit value mm)
and (has_magnitude some (float[>= 6.5f] and float[<=
6.8f])))))))
The body length is measured between the
anteriormost point of the head and the
posteriormost point of the metasoma.
2. Median clypeal projection sharpness
0: pointed (Fig. 5E)
has part some (clypeus and (has part some (ventromedial margin and (has part some (projection and (is
bearer of some pointed))))))
1: blunt (Fig. 5D)
has part some (clypeus and (has part some (ventromedial margin and (has part some (projection and (is
bearer of some blunt))))))
The projection that is located medially on
the distal margin of the clypeus is blunt in
Evania whereas pointed in Szepligetella.
3. Lower face texture
0: foveate (Fig. 4A)
has part some (lower face and (is bearer of some
foveate))
1: foveae absent (Fig. 4B, C)
has part some (lower face and (is bearer of some
(texture and (not (foveate)))))
The lower face is irregularly foveolate
with punctures on interstices laterally and
punctate medially for S. deercreeki;
punctures and foveae are absent from
lower face in S. levipetiolata; lower face
evenly foveolate with punctures on fovea
interstices in S. sericea.
4. Median carina of lower face presence
0: absent (Fig. 4A, B)
has part some (lower face and (has part some (medial
region and (not (has part some carina)))))
1: present (Fig. 4C)
has part some (lower face and (has part some (medial
region and (has part some carina))))
The median carina of the lower face arises
from the lower face projection. The
median carina is present in S. sericea and
S. levipetiolata but absent from S.
deercreeki.
5. Malar space length
has part some (malar line and (is bearer of some
(length and (has_measurement some ((has_unit some
0: longer than 0.5 of compound eye (length and (inheres in some compound eye))) and
(has_magnitude some float[>= 0.5f]))))))
height (Fig. 4B)
1: shorter than 0.5 of compound
eye height (Fig. 4A)
The malar space is longer than half of the
eye height in Evania, whereas it is less
than half the eye height in Szepligetella.
has part some (malar line and (is bearer of some
(length and (has_measurement some ((has_unit some
(length and (inheres in some compound eye))) and
(has_magnitude some float[< 0.5f]))))))
6. Carinae laterally on frons presence
0: present (Fig. 4C)
has part some (frons and (has part some (lateral
region and (has part some carina))))
1: absent (Fig. 4A)
has part some (frons and (has part some (lateral
region and (not (has part some carina)))))
Carinae laterally on frons are absent in
Evania and in Szepligetella deercreeki and
S. sericea, whereas the carinae are present
in S. levipetiolata.
7. Antennal rim shape
0: raised laterally (Fig. 4C)
has part some (antennal rim and (has part some
(lateral region and (is bearer of some raised))))
1: not raised laterally (Fig. 4B)
has part some (antennal rim and (has part some
(lateral region and (is bearer of some flat))))
The antennal rim is raised laterally in
Szepligetella, whereas it is not raised in
Evania.
8. Antennal shelf presence
0: present (Fig. 4B)
has part some antennal shelf
1: absent (Fig. 4A)
not (has part some antennal shelf)
The antennal shelf is present in Evania,
whereas it is absent in Szepligetella
species.
9. Eye color
0: blue (Fig. 4B)
has part some (compound eye and (is bearer of some
blue))
1: grey-silver (Fig. 4A)
has part some (compound eye and (is bearer of some
light grey))
The compound eye is metallic blue in E.
appendigaster, whereas it is metallic silver
in Szepligetella. The ability to visualize
this character depends on the preservation
of the specimens; live specimens are
optimal.
10. Long setae (length >2x ocellus
diameter) presence
0: absent (Fig. 3A)
not (phenotype_8765)
1: present (Fig. 3B)
has part some (seta and (is bearer of some (length and
(has_measurement some ((has_unit some (diameter
and (inheres in some ocellus))) and (has_magnitude
some float[> 2.0f]))))))
Setae covering the body surface can be
divided based on the length for two
groups. One group setae are shorter or
slightly longer than the diameter of the
lateral ocellus, silvery and more adpressed
to the body surface. The other group setae
("long setae") are 2-3 times as long as the
ocellus diameter, brownish and erect. The
second group setae are present in S.
levipetiolata whereas absent from S.
sericea, S. deercreeki, and E.
appendigaster.
11. Mandibular teeth count
0: 3 (Fig. 5A)
has part some (mandible and (has component exactly
3 tooth))
1: 4 (Fig. 5B)
has part some (mandible and (has component exactly
4 tooth))
Evania has 3 mandibular teeth, whereas
Szepligetella has 4 mandibular teeth.
12. Female scape length
0: equal to eye height (Fig. 3A)
has part some (scape and (is bearer of some (length
and (similar_in_magnitude_relative_to some (length
and (inheres in some compound eye))))))
has part some (scape and (is bearer of some (length
and (increased_in_magnitude_relative_to some
1: greater than eye height (Fig. 3B) (length and (inheres in some compound eye))))))
The female scape is elongate in S.
levipetiolata and distinctly longer than the
eye height. In S. deercreeki and S. sericea
the female scape is as long as the eye
height.
13. Female flagellum color pattern
0: mono-colored
has part some (flagellum and (is bearer of some
mono-colored))
1: banded (Fig. 4E, 6F)
has part some (flagellum and (is bearer of some
banded))
The flagellum is black in S. impressa and
S. caledoniensis, whereas F3–F7 are light
brown in S. levipetiolata.
14. Female flagellum ventral sensillar
patch (Fig. 5E) spatial arrangement
0: F4–F11
(has part some (apical flagellomere and eleventh
flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side and (has
part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part some
(tenth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side
and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part
some (fifth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral
side and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has
part some (fourth flagellomere and (has part some
(ventral side and (has part some sensillar patch)))))
and (has part some (sixth flagellomere and (has part
some (ventral side and (has part some sensillar
patch))))) and (has part some (seventh flagellomere
and (has part some (ventral side and (has part some
sensillar patch))))) and (has part some (eighth
flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side and (has
part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part some
(ninth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral
sideand (has part some sensillar patch)))))
1: F6-F11
(has part some (apical flagellomere and eleventh
flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side and (has
part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part some
(tenth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side
and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part
some (fifth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral
side and (not (has part some sensillar patch)))))) and
(has part some (fourth flagellomere and (has part
some (ventral side and (not (has part some sensillar
patch)))))) and (has part some (sixth flagellomere and
(has part some (ventral side and (has part some
sensillar patch))))) and (has part some (seventh
flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side and (has
part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part some
(eighth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side
and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part
some (ninth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral
side and (has part some sensillar patch)))))
2: F5–F11
(has part some (apical flagellomere and eleventh
flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side and (has
part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part some
(tenth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side
and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part
some (fifth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral
side and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has
part some (fourth flagellomere and (has part some
(ventral side and (not (has part some sensillar
patch)))))) and (has part some (sixth flagellomere and
(has part some (ventral side and (has part some
sensillar patch))))) and (has part some (seventh
flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side and (has
part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part some
(eighth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral side
and (has part some sensillar patch))))) and (has part
some (ninth flagellomere and (has part some (ventral
sideand (has part some sensillar patch)))))
In Evaniidae, some flagellomeres are
characterized by possessing a ventral area
without placoid sensilla but rather covered
with a dense patch of seemingly uniporous
sensilla (based on the blunt and deformed
tip). In S. sericea and S. deercreeki
sensillar patches are present on more
apical flagellomeres, starting with F4,
whereas in S. levipetiolata sensillar
patches are present starting from F6. In
Evania ventral sensillar patches are present
from F5-F11.
15. Shape of median area of pronotum
0: recurved (Fig. 6A)
has part some (pronotum and (has part some (dorsomedial region and (is bearer of some recurved))))
1: not recurved (Fig. 6C)
has part some (pronotum and (has part some (dorsomedial region and (is bearer of some (curved and (not
(recurved)))))))
The median part of the pronotum is
recurved in Szepligetella, whereas it is not
recurved in Evania in lateral view.
16. Sulcus delimiting pronotal lobe
presence
0: present (Fig. 3C)
has part some (pronotal lobe and (has part some
(anterior margin and (has part some sulcus))))
1: absent (Fig. 3A)
has part some (pronotal lobe and (has part some
(anterior margin and (not (has part some sulcus)))))
The pronotal lobe is set off by a sulcus in
Evania, whereas it is continuous with the
pronotal collar in Szepligetella.
17. Pronotal lobe carina presence
0: absent (Fig. 6C)
has part some (pronotal lobe and (not (has part some
carina)))
1: present (Fig. 6A)
has part some (pronotal lobe and (has part some
carina))
The carina of the pronotal lobe is present
in S. levipetiolata and S. deercreeki,
whereas the carina is absent in S. sericea
and in E. appendigaster.
18. Anteromedian carina of the prosternum
presence
0: present (Fig. 9B)
has part some (prosternum and (has part some
(antero-medial region and (has part some carina))))
1: absent (Fig. 9D)
has part some (prosternum and (has part some
(antero-medial region and (not (has part some
carina)))))
In Szepligetella and Acanthinevania a
carina extends from the anterior process of
the prosternum posteriorly. The carina is
bifurcating in Szepligetella, whereas is not
bifurcating in Acanthinevania.
19. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus continuity
0: discontinuous (Fig. 6C)
has part some (mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus and
(is bearer of some split))
1: continuous (Fig. 6A)
has part some (mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus and
(is bearer of some undivided))
The mesoscutal humeral sulcus is
diminishing anteriorly in Evania whereas
it is complete in Szepligetella species.
20. Notaulus shape
0: sigmoid (Fig. 6A, B)
has part some (notaulus and (is bearer of some
sigmoid))
1: falciform (Fig. 6D)
has part some (notaulus and (is bearer of some
falciform))
The notaulus is sigmoid in all taxa except
S. sericea, where it is falciform. The
notaulus is very weakly developed in
Trissevaniini, and it is marked by a
shallow depression that is obscured by the
general microsculpture of the mesonotum
and is visible only using diffused light.
21. Notaulus lateral margins alignment
0: parallel (Fig. 6B, D)
has part some (notaulus and (is bearer of some
linear))
1: diverging (Fig. 6E)
has part some (notaulus and (is bearer of some
tapered))
The lateral margin of the notaulus are
parallel in all taxa except S. deercreeki,
which has diverging lateral margins.
22. Median mesoscutal area shape
0: Not prominent relative to lateral has part some (median area of the mesoscutum and (is
bearer of some (shape and (not (prominent)))))
mesoscutal area (Fig. 6B, D)
1: Prominent relative to lateral
mesoscutal area (Fig. 6E)
Median mesoscutal area is prominent
relative to the lateral area in S.
caledoniensis whereas it is not prominent
in other species.
has part some (median area of the mesoscutum and (is
bearer of some prominent))
23. Scutoscutellar suture structure
0: foveate (Fig. 6A)
has part some (scutoscutellar suture and (is bearer of
some foveate))
1: not foveate (Fig. 6C)
has part some (scutoscutellar suture and (is bearer of
some (texture and (not (foveate)))))
The scutoscutellar suture is foveate in
Szepligetella whereas it is not foveate in
Evania.
24. Ventro-lateral region of mesosoma
texture
0: foveate (Fig. 6C)
has part some (mesosoma and (has part some (ventrolateral region and (is bearer of some foveate))))
1: areolate (Fig. 6A)
has part some (mesosoma and (has part some (ventrolateral region and (is bearer of some areolate))))
The lateroventral part of the mesopectus
and the metapectus are foveate in Evania,
whereas areolate in Szepligetella.
25. Anterolateral mesopectal projection 2d shape
0: isosceles triangular (Fig. 6A)
has part some (mesopectus and (has part some (corner
and (is bearer of some isosceles triangular))))
1: scalene triangular (Fig. 6C)
has part some (mesopectus and (has part some (corner
and (is bearer of some scalene triangular))))
The anterolateral mesopectal projection
forms an isosceles triangle in Szepligetella,
whereas it is a scalene triangle in Evania.
26. Speculum presence
0: absent (Fig. 6C)
not (has part some speculum)
1: present (Fig. 6A)
has part some speculum
The speculum is present in Szepligetella
species, whereas it is absent in Evania.
27. Epicnemium sculpture
0: smooth (Fig. 9C)
has part some (epicnemium and (is bearer of some
smooth))
1: wrinkled (Fig. 9A)
has part some (epicnemium and (is bearer of some
wrinkled))
The epicnemium is smooth in Evania
appendigaster whereas it is wrinkled in
Szepligetella species.
28. Epicnemial carina shape
0: convex medially (Fig. 9C)
has part some (epicnemial carina and (has part some
(medial region and (is bearer of some convex))))
1: concave medially (Fig. 9A)
has part some (epicnemial carina and (has part some
(medial region and (is bearer of some concave))))
The epicnemial carina is concave medially
in Szepligetella whereas it is convex in
Evania appendigaster.
29. Ventral margin of mesopectus length
0: longer than ventral margin of
metapectus length (Fig. 6A)
has part some (mesopectus and (has part some
(ventral margin and (is bearer of some (length and
(increased_in_magnitude_relative_to some (length
and (inheres in some (ventral margin and (part of
some metapectus))))))))))
1: shorter than ventral margin of
metapectus length (Fig. 6C)
has part some (mesopectus and (has part some
(ventral margin and (is bearer of some (length and
(decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some (length
and (inheres in some (ventral margin and (part of
some metapectus))))))))))
The distance between the epomial carina
and the anterior margin of the mesocoxal
foramen is longer than the distance
between the posterior margin of the
mesocoxal foramen and the anterior
margin of the metacoxal foramen in
Evania, whereas the latter is shorter in
Szepligetella species.
30. Metapleural sulcus position
0: vertical (Fig. 6A)
has part some (metapleural sulcus and (is bearer of
some vertical))
1: horizontal (Fig. 6C)
has part some (metapleural sulcus and (is bearer of
some horizontal))
The metapleural sulcus is vertical (parallel
with the pronoto-mesopleural suture) in
Szepligetella whereas it is horizontal
(perpendicular to the pronoto-mesopleural
suture) in Evania.
31. Posterior margin of the propodeum
ventrally of the propodeal foramen lateral
view shape
0: convex (Fig. 6C)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some
(posterior surface and (is bearer of some convex))))
1: straight (Fig. 6A)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some
(posterior surface and (is bearer of some flat))))
The posterior margin is convex in Evania
whereas straight in Szepligetella.
32. Gastral scrobe conspicuousness
0: inconspicuous (Fig. 7C)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some
(ventro-medial region and (has part some (scrobe and
(is bearer of some inconspicuous))))))
1: conspicuous (Fig. 7D, E)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some
(ventro-medial region and (has part some (scrobe and
(is bearer of some conspicuous))))))
The gastral scrobe (the scrobe
accommodating the gaster) is conspicuous
in S. caledoniensis and S. impressa,
whereas it is inconspicuous (especially in
brightfield microscopy) in E.
appendigaster, and S. levipetiolata.
33. Lateral carina of gastral scrobe
presence
0: present (Fig. 8D)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some (scrobe
and (has part some (lateral margin and (has part some
carina))))))
1: absent (Fig. 8C, E)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some (scrobe
and (has part some (lateral margin and (not (has part
some carina)))))))
The lateral carina of the gastral scrobe is
present in S. sericea whereas it is absent
from other taxa.
34. Submedian propodeal projection
presence
0: absent (Fig. 6C, E)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some (dorsolateral region and (not (has part some projection)))))
1: present (Fig. 6A, B)
has part some (propodeum and (has part some (dorsolateral region and (has part some projection))))
The projections are present in S.
levipetiolata, whereas they are absent in
other taxa.
35. Nucha presence
0: absent (Fig. 6C, 7C)
not (has part some nucha)
1: present (Fig. 6A, 7D, E)
has part some nucha
The nucha is present in Szepligetella,
whereas it is absent in Evania.
36. Female metatibial spines presence
0: present (Fig. 7A)
has part some (metatibia and (has part some spine))
1: absent (Fig. 7B)
has part some (metatibia and (not (has part some
spine)))
The presence of metatibial spines is one of
the proposed synapomorphies for
Szepligetella + Acanthinevania. The spines
(which are spurs) are absent in female
specimens of S. levipetiolata (NCSU
44113).
37. 1M length vs. 1CUb length
0: equal (Fig. 8C)
has part some (fore wing and (has part some (wing
vein and (is bearer of some (length and
(similar_in_magnitude_relative_to some (length and
(inheres in some (wing vein and (part of some fore
wing))))))))))
1: 1M is distinctly longer than
1CUb (Fig. 8A)
has part some (fore wing and (has part some (wing
vein and (is bearer of some (length and
(increased_in_magnitude_relative_to some (length
and (inheres in some (wing vein and (part of some
fore wing))))))))))
Vein 1M is as long as vein 1CUb in
Szepligetella sericea (8:8), whereas vein
1M is distinctly longer than vein 1CUb
other taxa examined.
38. Distal part of 4RS shape
0: arched distally (Fig. 8C)
has part some (fore wing and (has part some (wing
vein and (has part some (distal region and (is bearer
of some arched))))))
1: straight or arched proximally
(Fig. 8A)
has part some (fore wing and (has part some (wing
vein and ((has part some (proximal region and (is
bearer of some arched))) or (is bearer of some
straight)))))
The wing vein is distinctly arched distally
in S. sericea specimens, whereas it is
straight or slightly arched proximally (it is
very difficult to separate the two latter
states) in other specimens examined.
39. Costal cell coloration
0: brown in the distal 1/10th (Fig.
8C)
has part some (costal cell and (has part some (distal
region and (is bearer of some brown) and (is bearer of
some (length and (has_measurement some ((has_unit
some (length and (inheres in some costal cell))) and
(has_magnitude value 0.1f))))))))
1: brown in the distal 1/2nd-2/3rd
(Fig. 8A)
has part some (costal cell and (has part some (distal
region and (is bearer of some brown) and (is bearer of
some (length and (has_measurement some ((has_unit
some (length and (inheres in some costal cell))) and
(has_magnitude some float[>= 0.5f , <= 0.666f]))))))))
The costal cell is brown only at the distal
1/10th in Evania appendigaster,
Szepligetella sericea and in one S.
deercreeki female specimen whereas the
costal cell is brown at the distal 2/3rd in S.
levipetiolata, S. irwini, S. deercreeki males
and in one S. deercreeki female specimen.
40. Petiole texture
0: smooth (Fig. 7C, E)
has part some (abdominal segment 2 and (is bearer of
some smooth))
1: furrowed (Fig. 7D)
has part some (abdominal segment 2 and (is bearer of
some furrowed))
The dorsal surface of the petiole is smooth
in S. levipetiolata, S. caledoniensis and E.
appendigaster, whereas it is longitudinally
furrowed in S. impressa.
41. Petiole pilosity
0: dense (Fig. 7C)
has part some (abdominal segment 2 and (is bearer of
some setose))
1: sparse (Fig. 7D, E)
has part some (abdominal segment 2 and (is bearer of
some (pilosity and (not (hairy)))))
The dorsal surface of the petiole is covered
with dense, silvery setae in Evania,
whereas the dorsal surface is with just a
few erect, brownish setae in Szepligetella.
42. Lateroventral carina of the petiole
presence
0: present (Fig. 7C)
has part some (abdominal segment 2 and (has part
some (ventro-lateral region and (has part some
carina))))
1: absent (Fig. 7E)
has part some (abdominal segment 2 and (has part
some (ventro-lateral region and (not (has part some
carina)))))
The lateroventral carina of the petiole is
present in Evania and absent from other
taxa.
43. Setiferous patch on dorsal region of
abdominal terga 4-7 in female presence
0: present (Fig. 7C)
(has part some (abdominal tergum 4 and (has part
some (dorsal region and (has part some setiferous
patch))))) and (has part some (abdominal tergum 5
and (has part some (dorsal region and (has part some
setiferous patch))))) and (has part some (abdominal
tergum 6 and (has part some (dorsal region and (has
part some setiferous patch))))) and (has part some
(abdominal tergum 7 and (has part some (dorsal
region and (has part some setiferous patch)))))
1: absent (Fig. 7E)
(has part some (abdominal tergum 4 and (has part
some (dorsal region and (not (has part some setiferous
patch)))))) and (has part some (abdominal tergum 5
and (has partsome (dorsal region and (not (has part
some setiferous patch)))))) and (has part some
(abdominal tergum 6 and (has part some (dorsal
region and (not (has part some setiferous patch))))))
and (has part some (abdominal tergum 7 and (has part
some (dorsal region and (not (has part some setiferous
patch))))))
The patches are present in all taxa except
S. deercreeki.