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1. The grid below shows various carbon compounds
A
B
CH2=CH2
D
C
CH2=CHCl
E
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH3
F
CF2=CF2
CH3CH=CH2
Which box or boxes shows
a) A hydrocarbon which will not form an addition polymer?
b) A compound, which is not hydrocarbon, but will form an addition
polymer?
c) The compound ethene?
d) The compound propene?
e) The compound chloroethene?
f) A compound which would form the following polymer?
CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
g) A compound which would form the following polymer?
CH2CHClCH2CHClCH2CHCl
h) A compound which would form the following polymer?
CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH2
i) A compound which would form the following polymer?
CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2
j)
k)
l)
m)
A compound which
A compound which
A compound which
A compound which
will form
will form
will form
will form
the
the
the
the
polymer
polymer
polymer
polymer
polyethene?
polypropene?
polychloroethene?
polytetrafluoroethene?
2. The grid below shows various compounds used to make condensation
polymers
A
C
HOCH2CH2OH
H2N(CH2)6NH2
B
HOOC(CH2)4COOH
D
HOOC(CH2)5NH2
a) Which two boxes show compounds, which could be used to make
a polyester?
b) Which two boxes show the compounds used to make the
following polymer?
OCH2CH2OOC(CH2)4COOCH2CH2OOC(CH2)4CO
3. Which of the following molecules could be used as a monomer to form an
addition polymer
A. CH2=CH2
B. CH3CH3
C. CH3CH2CH3
D. CH4
4. The monomer used to form the
polymer opposite is
A. methane
B. ethane
C. ethene
D. propene
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
5. The monomer used to form the
polymer opposite is
A. CH2=CHCl
B. CHCl=CHCl
C. CCl2=CHCl
D. CH2=CH2
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
Cl
H
Cl
H
Cl
H
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The name of the addition polymer formed from the monomer propene is
polyethene
polyethane
polypropene
polypropane
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The polymer polystyrene is made from the monomer
styrene
ethene
propene
chloroethene
8. The non-stick coating on frying pans is an addition polymer. It is made from
the monomer tetrafluoroethene. The name of the addition polymer is
A. tetrafluoroethene.
B. tetrafluoroethane
C. polytetrafluoroethane
D. polytetrafluoroethene
For questions 9 and 10 use the following
A
H
C
B
H
C
CN CN
C
D
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
CN H
CN H
9. Which of the above is the
repeat unit for the polymer shown
opposite?
10. Which of the above is the
monomer for the polymer shown
opposite?
CN
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
CN H
CN H
CN H
For questions 11 and 12 use the following
A
B
C
D
CH3 H
CH3 H
H
CH3
H
CH3
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
CH3 H
C
CH3 H
CH3 H
11. Which of the above is the
repeat unit for the polymer shown
opposite?
12. Which of the above is the
monomer for the polymer shown
opposite?
CH3 H
CH3 H
CH3 H
CH3 H
C
C
C
C
CH3 H
C
CH3 H
C
CH3 H
For questions 13 and 14 use the following
A
B
C
D
CH3 H
CH3 H
H
CH3
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
CH3 H
C
CH3 H
13. Which of the above is the
repeat unit for the polymer shown
opposite?
14. Which of the above is the
monomer for the polymer shown
opposite?
CH3 H
CH3
H
CH3 H
C
C
CH3 H
C
CH3 H
CH3
C
C
CH3 H
C
CH3 H
For question 15 refer to the information below
A
HO
C
H2N
B
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
OH
O
O
C
C
OH
HO
D
H
O
NH2
H2N
C
C
OH
H
H
H
15. The two monomers that could be used to make a polyester are
A. A and B
B. A and C
C. A and D
D. B and C
Plastics Homework National 4
1. Using the word bank provided, complete the following sentences.
chemical, thermosetting, synthetic, manufacturing, natural, thermoplastic, polymerisation
a) Chemicals derived from oil are used to make plastics and
___________ fibres.
b) Plastics which soften on heating are _________________ polymers.
c) Simple plastics are made by a process called _______________.
2. Copy and complete the table to give information about monomers and the
polymers they form.
MONOMER
POLYMER FORMED
Ethene
Poly(chloroethene)
Ethenol
Poly(tetrafluorethene)
3. Poly(propene) is a thermoplastic whereas Bakelite is a thermosetting
plastic
Explain the meaning of the following words:
i)
Thermoplastic
ii)
Thermosetting
4. Burning plastics can be dangerous as harmful gases can be released into
the atmosphere.
a) Name the gas released when plastics are burned in a poor oxygen
supply.
b) Name the acidic gas formed when poly(chloroethene) is burned.
c) Name the extremely toxic gas released when polyurethane foam
burns.
5. Many plastics have been developed with interesting and useful properties.
Poly(ethenol) is a plastic which is soluble in water. It has a variety of uses
such as surgical stitches or laundry bags for use in hospitals. Polymers
which are biodegradable such as Biopol have been developed for use as
shopping bags. Kevlar is a very interesting polymer. It is used in bulletproof vests and motorcycle suits as it is very strong and resistant to wear.
Present this information in a table with suitable headings.
Chemistry in Society
National 5
Plastics Homework
1. Using the word bank provided, complete the following sentences.
double, addition, single,
polymerisation, saturated
condensation,
unsaturated,
a) Addition polymerisation occurs when small _____________
momomers join together.
b) During addition polymerisation the ___________ bond in each
monomer breaks.
c) Polyamides are examples of _______________ polymers.
2. Plastics and fibres can be natural or synthetic.
a) What is meant by the term synthetic?
b) State one advantage of synthetic fibres over natural fibres.
3. The structure below represents part of a polymer molecule:
a) Draw the repeating unit and the monomer for this polymer chain.
b) Is this an addition or condensation polymer?
4. Kevlar is a condensation polymer which is used because of its strength
and durability. The repeating unit of Kevlar is shown below.
a) Draw the structural formula of the polymer when this unit is repeated
3 times.
b) Draw the 2 monomers used to produce Kevlar.
c) Is this an addition or condensation polymer?
5. Polymers can be made by addition or condensation depending on the
structure of the monomer(s).
A
B
CH3CHCH2
D
C
NH2(CH2)6NH2
E
HOOC(CH2)COOH
C2H4
F
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
Identify the monomer(s) which would
a) Take part in an addition reaction
b) Undergo a condensation reaction
6. A pupil had been absent when polymerisation nhad been taught. He asked
you to explain it to him.
Using the words; very large molecules, small molecules, monomers and
polymers,
write down breifly what you would tell him.
7. Copy and complete the following table giving information about a variety
of polymers.
Polymer
Polystyrene
Nylon
Poly(ethene)
Use
Addition or
Condensation
polymer
Polyester
Polyamide
1. Poly(ethenyl ethanoate) is an addition polymer. Part of its structure is
shown below.
(a)
Draw the structural formula for the monomer used to make this
polymer.
1
(b)
poly(ethenyl
Poly(ethenyl
ethanoate)
ethanoate)
+ methanol
is used →
to poly(ethanol)
make the polymer
+ methyl
poly(ethanol).
ethanoate
Methyl ethanoate is also formed in the reaction.
(i)
What property of poly(ethanol) makes it useful for laundry
bags?
1
1
(3)
2.
Polystyrene is made from the monomer styrene. The systematic name for
stryrene is phenylethene.
(a)
The monomer used to form polystyrene is shown.
Which part of the structure of styrene allows the polymer to form ?
1
(b)
Complete the digram to show how three styrene molecules join to form
part of the polymer chain.
1
(c)
Give another name for polystyrene.
______________________________________________________
____________
3. Poly(ethenol) is one of the substances used to cover dishwater tablets.
A section of the poly(ethanol) polymer is shown.
1
(3)
(a)
Name the functional group present in this polymer.
1
(b)
Draw the structure of the repeating unit for this polymer.
1
(c)
A dishwasher tablet, complete with its poly(ethanol) cover, can be added
to a dishwasher.
What property of the poly(ethenol) makes it suitable as a cover for a
dishwasher tablet?
1
(3)
4.
The diagram shows how an ester with a “pear drops” smell can be
made.
(a)
(i)
Name the ester formed.
1
(ii) Why can this reaction be described as a condensation
reaction?
1
(b)
Polyesters are synthetic fibres.
Part of the structure of a polyester fibre is shown below.
(i)
Why are polyester fibres described as synthetic?
1
(ii) Circle an ester link in the polyester structure.
1
(4)
Agrochemicals
1.
A
B
C
D
What are the essential nutrients for healthy plant growth?
Iron, copper & nitrogen
Potassium, nitrogen & phosphorus
Potassium, nitrogen & copper
Nitrogen, copper & phosphorus
2.
A
B
C
D
Fertilisers help plants to grow by providing them with
Water
Oxygen
Nutrients
Carbon dioxide
3.
A
B
C
D
Name the element which is the catalyst in the Haber Process.
Copper
Iron
Silver
Platinum
4.
What is the correct equation for the Haber Process?
A
Nitrogen + oxygen  nitrogen dioxide
B
Ammonium chloride + sodium hydroxide  ammonia + water + sodium
chloride
C
Nitrogen + hydrogen  ammonia
D
Nitrogen + iodine  nitrogen triiodide
5.
A
B
C
D
What acid and alkali could be used to make a fertiliser?
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide
Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide
Nitric acid + potassium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid + lithium hydroxide
6.
A
B
C
D
Explain why the ammonia that sprays into this
flask changes the indicator from green to
blue.
Ammonia is insoluble
Ammonia is an alkaline gas
Sodium hydroxide is formed
Ammonia is a reducing agent
7.
Which of these methods would result in ammonia being made in the
laboratory?
A
Heating nitrogen with hydrogen
B
Heating nitrogen dioxide with sodium hydroxide
C
Heating ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide
D
Dissolving ammonium chloride in water
8
A
B
C
D
The best way to make ammonium nitrate is to.
React nitric acid with sodium hydroxide solution
React sulphuric acid with ammonia solution
Dissolve ammonium chloride in water
React nitric acid with ammonium hydroxide solution
9.
A
B
C
D
The salts formed by nitric acid are called
Chlorides
Ethanoates
Nitrates
Sulfates
10.
Which of the following statements is not true for the salts: ammonium
nitrate, ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate.
They are all soluble in water
They all contain nitrogen
They are all used as fertilisers
They are all insoluble in water
A
B
C
D
Chemistry in Society
National 4
Agrochemicals Homework
8. Using the word bank provided, complete the following sentences.
essential, natural, decreasing, synthetic,
fertilisers,
important,
compost, increasing
d) Plants require nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for growth; these
are known as the ______________ elements.
e) Chemists produce substances called _______________ to provide
plants with nutrients.
f) Efficient food production is vital due the _____________ population
of the planet.
9. Using your data book, copy and complete the table below:
a)
Compounds
Solubility
Ammonium Nitrate
Potassium Sulphate
Silver Phosphate
Sodium Phosphate
b) Which of these compounds would not make a suitable synthetic
fertiliser? Explain your answer.
10. Ammonium Nitrate, NH4NO3, is a fertiliser commonly used in the farming
industry.
a) Calculate the mass of 1 mole of the fertiliser.
b) Calculate the percentage of the essential element present in the
fertiliser.
11. Different plants need the essential elements in different proportions.
Synthetic fertilisers contain mixtures of different compounds providing
these essential elements. Natural fertilisers such as manure and compost
also provide nutrients for plants. In areas of high rainfall, some synthetic
fertilisers can be washed away, ending up in river systems or lochs. In
situations such as these, nitrates encourage bacteria to grow and this
uses up the dissolved oxygen in the water. Fish and other marine animals
cannot get the oxygen they need to survive. Urea is a synthetic fertiliser
with only slight solubility and is an excellent alternative in wet areas.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
d)
e)
f)
g)
Do all plants require the same amount of nutrients?
Name 2 natural fertilisers.
Describe the effects fertilisers can have on rivers.
What property of fertilisers can cause environmental problems?
Chemistry in Society
National 5
Agrochemicals Homework
1. Using the word bank provided, complete the following sentences.
ammonia,
pleasant,
acidic,
nitric acid,
alkaline,
pungent
g) The Haber process is used to produce ______________ industrially.
h) This gas gives off an odour which can be described as
_______________.
i) pH paper turns blue in the presence of this gas, showing that it is
_____________.
2. Ammonia manufacture is a very important part of the agrochemical
industry.
a) Write the word equation for the formation of ammonia by the Haber
process.
b) What are the reaction conditions required to produce a high yield of
ammonia?
c) What is the major use of the ammonia produced this way?
3. The flow chart shows some processes which take place in an industrial
chemical complex.
.
a) Air and water are used as raw materials because they contain the
elements needed to make ammonia.
Suggest one other reason why they are used as raw materials.
b) Which reactant for the ammonia plant must be produced in the
reaction between North Sea gas and water?
c) Name the salt formed in the fertiliser plant.
d) The graph shows the different percentage yields of ammonia which
can be obtained under different conditions in the ammonia plant.
i)
ii)
What is the relationship between the percentage yield of ammonia
and the temperature at constant pressure?
Explain why all of the nitrogen and hydrogen are not converted to
ammonia.
4. The nitrogen compound produced in the Haber process dissolves in water.
The graph shows the solubility of the nitrogen compound at different
temperatures.
Write a general statement describing the effect of the temperature on
the solubility of the nitrogen compound.
5. Ammonium compounds can be identified by heating them with soda lime.
Ammonia gas will be released.
a) Describe a test that could be carried out to detect and identify the
ammonia gas produced.
b) An ammonium compound was dissolved in water.
A precipitate was produced when this solution was added to a solution
of barium chloride.
Suggest a name for this compound.
(You may wish to use your data book to help you.)
6. Catalysts can be used in different processes.
Copy the flow diagram and add an arrow to show how the process could be
made more economical.