Intellectual functioning was assessed using formal instruments. An intelligence test was administered in
order to assess the student’s general range of intellectual functioning and to determine current strengths
and weaknesses across cognitive processing areas.
Several tests were administered to measure various aspects of cognitive processing. The Cross-Battery
approach [Essentials of Cross Battery Assessment, Second Edition (Flanagan, Ortiz, & Alfonso; 2007)] was
used to organize these data. Results are presented below.
OR if only one test, Input heading paragraph for specific test given.
Crystallized Intelligence (Gc) is a measure of vocabulary, language development, and acquired
knowledge.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive Processing Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE (Gc)
WJ III
SB5
WECH
WECH
Bateria III
WJ III
WJ III
KABC-II
KABC-II
KABC-II
WECH
WECH
WECH
DAS-II
DAS-II
SB5
Bateria III
Bateria III DS
DAS-II
NEPSY-II
DAS-II
General Information (KO)
General Information
Nonverbal Knowledge
Information
Comprehension
Informacion General
General Information
Lexical Knowledge (VL)
Verbal Comprehension
Picture Vocabulary
Riddles
Expressive Vocabulary
Verbal Knowledge
Similarities
Vocabulary
Word Reasoning
Naming Vocabulary
Word Definitions
Verbal Knowledge
Comprensión verbal
Verbal Comprehension
Comprensión verbal Bilingue
Listening Ability (LS)
Verbal Comprehension
Comprehension of Instruction
Language Development (LD)
Verbal Similarities
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Gc unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Gc is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she has an adequate vocabulary, can engage in verbal reasoning, and has acquired
knowledge commensurate with his age.
OR
Gc unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Gc represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of lexical knowledge
(extent of vocabulary understood), Xxx had difficulty … (explain and conduct item analysis). In the area
of General Information (range of general knowledge), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item
analysis). In the area of Listening Ability (listen and understand oral communication), Xxx had difficulty
….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Language Development (understanding and
application of words, sentences, and paragraphs in spoken language), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and
conduct item analysis).
OR
Gc not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Gc and scores varied, yielding an asset in the
narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)
Long-Term Retrieval (Glr) is the ability to store information (e.g., concepts, ideas, items, or names) in
long-term memory and to retrieve it later fluently through association.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive Processing Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
LONG-TERM RETRIEVAL (Glr)
WJ III
WJ III DS
KABC-II
KABC-II
Batería III
Batería III DS
Batería III DS
WJ III
Batería III
WJ III
CTOPP
CTOPP
CTOPP
CTOPP
DAS-II
Associative Memory (MA)
Visual-Auditory Learning
Memory for Names
Atlantis
Rebus
Aprendizaje visual-auditivo
Visual-Auditory Learning
Memoria para Nombres
Memory for Names
Memoria Diferida-Memoria para
Nombres
Memory for Names-Delayed
Ideational Fluency (FI)
Retrieval Fluency
Fluidez de recuperación
Retrieval Fluency
Naming Facility (NA)
Rapid Picture Naming
Rapid Color Naming
Rapid Digit Naming
Rapid Letter Naming
Rapid Object Naming
Rapid Naming
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Glr unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Glr is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she has adequate ability to retrieve stored information through association.
OR
Glr unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Glr represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of Associative
Memory (recalling one part of a previously learned but unrelated pair of items when the other part is
presented), Xxx had difficulty … (explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Ideational Fluency
(rapidly producing a series of ideas, words, or phrases related to a specific condition or object), Xxx had
difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Naming Facility (producing names for
concepts rapidly), Xxx had difficulty...(explain and conduct item analysis).
OR
Glr not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Glr and scores varied, yielding an asset in the
narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)
Visual Processing (Gv) is the ability to generate, perceive, analyze, synthesize, manipulate, transform,
and think with visual patterns and stimuli.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive
Processing
Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
VISUAL PROCESSING (Gv)
(VISUAL-SPATIAL THINKING)
WJ III
KABC-II
WECH
DAS-II
SB5
Batería III
WJ III
KABC-II
DAS-II
Batería III
KABC-II
KABC-II
KABC-II
KABC-II
DAS-II
SB5
Batería III DS
WJ III
KABC-II
Batería III DS
Spatial Relations (SR)
Spatial Relations
Triangles
Block Design
Pattern Construction
Nonverbal Visual-Spatial
Processing
Relaciones espaciales
Spatial Relations
Visual Memory (MV)
Picture Recognition
Face Recognition
Recall of Designs
Reconocimiento de dibujos
Picture Recognition
Visualization (Vz)
Block Counting
Pattern Reasoning (5-6)
Conceptual Thinking
Story Completion (5-6)
Copying(3-6)
Verbal Visual-Spatial Processing
Rotación de Bloques
Block Rotation
Spatial Scanning (SS)
Planning
Rover
Closure Speed (CS)
Integración Visual
Visual Closure
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Gv unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Gv is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she has the ability to manipulate objects or visual patterns and to “see” how they would
appear under altered conditions.
OR
Gv unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Gv represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of Spatial Relations
(rapidly perceive and manipulate visual patterns), Xxx had difficulty … (explain and conduct item
analysis). In the area of Visual Memory (form and store mental images of a visual shape and recognize it
later), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Visualization (mentally
imagine, manipulate or transform objects or visual patterns and predict how they would appear under
altered conditions), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Spatial
Scanning (quickly explore a wide or complicated spatial field and identify a particular path through the
field), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis).
OR
Gv not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Gv and scores varied, yielding an asset in the
narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)
Auditory Processing (Ga) is the ability to perceive, analyze, and synthesize patterns among auditory
stimuli.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive Processing Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
AUDITORY PROCESSING (Ga)
CTOPP
CTOPP
CTOPP
CTOPP
WJ III
WJ III
WJ III
CTOPP
CTOPP
Batería III
WJ III
Batería III
Batería III
Batería III DS
Phonetic Coding: Analysis (PC:A)
Elision
Segmenting Nonwords
Segmenting Words
Sound Matching
Incomplete Words
Sound Awareness
Phonetic Coding: Synthesis
(PC:S)
Sound Blending
Blending Words
Blending Nonwords
Integración de sonidos
Sound Blending
Speech/General Sound
discrimination (US/U3)
Auditory Attention
Atención auditiva
Auditory Attention
Configuracion de sonidos – Vocal
Sound Patterns-Voice
Configuración de Sonidos –
Musical
Sound Patterns-Music
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Ga unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Ga is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she is able to notice, compare, discriminate, and distinguish distinct and separate
sounds.
OR
Ga unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Ga represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of Phonetic Coding:
Analysis (segment larger units of speech sounds into smaller units of speech sounds), Xxx had difficulty
… (explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Phonetic Coding: Synthesis (blend smaller units of
speech into larger units of speech), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area
of Speech/General Sound Discrimination (detecting differences in speech sounds under conditions of
distraction or distortion), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis).
OR
Ga not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Ga and scores varied, yielding an asset in the
narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)
Fluid Intelligence (Gf) means the ability to use and engage in various mental operations when faced with
a relatively novel task that cannot be performed automatically.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive Processing Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
FLUID INTELLIGENCE (FLUID
REASONING) (Gf)
WJ III
KABC-II
KABC-II
WECH
DAS-II
DAS-II
Batería III
WJ III
SB5
SB5
Batería III
WJ III DS
WJ III DS
WECH
DAS-II
SB5
SB5
Induction (I)
Concept Formation
Pattern Reasoning
Story Completion
Matrix Reasoning
Matrices
Nonverbal Matrices
Formación de conceptos
Concept Formation
General Sequential Reasoning
(RG)
Analysis-Synthesis
Verbal Fluid Reasoning
Nonverbal Fluid Reasoning
Análisis-Sintesis
Analysis-Synthesis
Quantitative Reasoning (RQ)
Number Matrices
Number Series
Arithmetic
Sequential and Quantitative
Reasoning
Nonverbal Quantitative Reasoning
Verbal Quantitative Reasoning
Test Name
Batería III DS
Batería III DS
Cognitive Processing Area
Numeros Matices
Number Matrices
Series Numéricas
Number Series
Standard
Score
Percentile
Rank
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Gf unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Gf is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she is able to reason, form concepts, and solve problems that often contain new
information.
OR
Gf unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Gf represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of Induction
(discovering the underlying characteristics that govern a problem), Xxx had difficulty … (explain and
conduct item analysis). In the area of General Sequential Reasoning (drawing conclusions from general
conditions to the specific), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of
Quantitative Reasoning (using inductive and deductive reasoning with concepts involving math), Xxx had
difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis).
OR
Gf not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Gf and scores varied, yielding an asset in the
narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)
Processing Speed (Gs) is the ability to perform cognitive tasks fluently and automatically, especially
when under pressure to maintain focused attention and concentration.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive Processing Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
PROCESSING SPEED (Gs)
WJ III
WJ III DS
WJ III
WECH
WISC-IV
Batería III DS
Batería III
WJ III
Batería III
WECH
Perceptual Speed (P)
Pair Cancellation
Cross Out
Visual Matching
Symbol Search
Cancellation
Tachar
Cross Out
Pareo visual
Visual Matching
Speed of Reasoning (RE)
Decision Speed
Rapidez en la decisión
Decision Speed
Rate-of-Test-Taking (R9)
Coding
Number Facility (N)
Test Name
DAS II
Cognitive Processing Area
Standard
Score
Percentile
Rank
Speed of Information Processing
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Gs unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Gs is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she is able to fluently and automatically perform mental tasks, especially when under
pressure to maintain focused attention and concentration.
OR
Gs unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Gs represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of Perceptual Speed
(rapidly and accurately searching, comparing, and identifying visual elements), Xxx had difficulty …
(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Speed of Reasoning (speed or fluency in performing
tasks), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Rate-of-Test Taking
(rapidly performing tests which are relatively easy or over learned), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and
conduct item analysis). In the area of Number Facility (rapidly and accurately performing basic
arithmetic), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item analysis).
OR
Gs not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Gs and scores varied, yielding an asset in the
narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)
Short-Term Memory (Gsm) means the ability to apprehend and hold information in immediate
awareness and then use it within a few seconds.
Standard Percentile
Cognitive Processing Area
Test Name
Score
Rank
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
WJ III
WJ III
WECH
WISC-IV
DAS-II
DAS-II
Batería III
WJ III
CTOPP
WECH
DAS-II
KABC-II
KABC-II
KABC-II
SB5
SB5
Batería III
Working Memory (WM)
Numbers Reversed
Auditory Working Memory
Letter-Number Sequencing
Arithmetic
Recall of Digits Backwards
Recall of Sequential Order
Inversión de números
Numbers Reversed
Memory Span (MS)
Memory for Words
Nonword Repetition
Digit Span (MS, MW)
Recall of Digits Forward
Hand Movements
Number Recall
Word Order
Nonverbal Working Memory
Verbal Working Memory
Memoria para palabras
Test Name
Batería III DS
Cognitive Processing Area
Standard
Score
Percentile
Rank
Memory for Words
Memoria para Frases
Memory for Sentences
Interpret and explain data based on one of these conditions:
Gsm unitary and average or above
Based on the data presented, Gsm is within the average/above average range and represents a cognitive
asset for Xxx. He/she is able to process information heard, manipulate the information and use it within a
few seconds.
OR
Gsm unitary and below average/weakness
Based on the data presented, Gsm represents a cognitive weakness for Xxx. In the area of Working
Memory (temporarily storing and performing a set of cognitive operations on information that requires
divided attention), Xxx had difficulty … (explain and conduct item analysis). In the area of Memory Span
(immediately recalling elements in the correct order), Xxx had difficulty ….(explain and conduct item
analysis).
OR
Gsm not unitary and there is narrow ability weakness
Several tests were used to assess the narrow abilities within Gsm and scores varied, yielding an asset in
the narrow ability of … (explain) and a normative weakness in the area of … (explain and conduct item
analysis)