K. Yegoryan
SENTENCES
ALL ABOUT SENTENCE: MY BEST WORKSHEET
Sentence is a group of words that form a complete thought (meaning).
The two heroes of the Sentence are: Subject and Verb
Fragment is an incomplete sentence lacking subject, verb, or both.
We start a sentence with Capital Letter and end it with (.) Period
Run-On Sentences are two or more sentences that “run on each other” because of lack of
punctuation and conjunction.
Sentences can be: (TYPES OF SENTENCES)
1. DECLARATIVE (Statements)
EX: The students are going to a field trip.
2. INTERROGATIVE (questions)
EX: Are you coming? What is it?
It’s amazing, isn’t it?
3. IMPERATIVE (orders and requests)
EX: Open the door. Open the door please.
4. EXCLAMATORY (emotions and feelings)
EX: Oh, what a day!
Based on their STRUCTURE Sentences can be:
1. SIMPLE
These sentences have one complete though. Simple sentences can have more than one
subject and verb and are not necessary short.
EX: Tom, Sam, and Anna are dancing and singing during the school performances held once a
month.
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K. Yegoryan
2. COMPLEX
These sentences have two or more thoughts (clauses) where one is a Dependent s
and one is an Independent sentence.
Complex Sentences are formed with Subordinating Conjunctions
EX: When Tome came home, Anna was sleeping.
Some examples of Subordinating Conjunctions (SC) are:
When
After
Before
Although
Since
If
Because
While
Until
As
* Punctuation with SC: Never a , before SC
SC Dependent , Independent but Independent (no comma) SC Dependent
3. COMPOUND
These sentences have two or more thought where ALL are Independent
Sentences and are formed with Coordinating Conjunctions.
EX: Tom was watching TV, and Anna was washing the dishes.
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The Coordinating Conjunctions (CC) are:
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Punctuation with CC Always a , before CC.
Independent + , CC + Independent
4. COMPLEX COMPOUND
These sentences have three and more thoughts at least 1 Dependent and
2 Independent Sentences/ clauses and are formed with Subordinating and coordinating
conjunctions.
EX: When Macy’s bought Robinson’s May, the management cut the workforce by 15% , and
Anna became unemployed
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K. Yegoryan
SENTENCE PATTERNS
The WORD ORDER in the English Sentence is: Subject + Verb + Object
There are 5 main Sentence Patterns
1. SUBJECT + VERB (Intransitive Verb)
EX: The birds fly.
The birds fly high in the sky.
2. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT
EX: I bought a book. The little girl saw a butterfly on the flower.
3.
SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) INDIRRECT OBJECT + DIRRECT
OBJECT
EX: I wrote him a letter.
4. SUBJECT + VERB (Linking Verb) + SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
EX: She is beautiful. He seems smart.
5. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT + OBJECT
COMPLEMENT
EX: The jury found him guilty.
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Glossary of Terms
SUBJECT: the doer of the action, the main hero of the sentence about
whom/what the sentence is about.
Simple subject: The simple subject is the main word or word group that tells whom or what the
sentence is about. EX: The study of small insects is a hobby of mine.
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Complete Subject consists of all the words that tell whom or what a sentence is about.
EX: The study of small insects is a hobby of mine.
PREDICATE (VERB): show action, non-action (feelings, senses,
mental activity) and state of being (verb “be”)
Simple Predicate, or verb, is the main word or word group that tells something about the
subject. EX: Many people will listen with interest to facts about bugs.
Complete predicate, or verb, consists of a verb and all the words that modify the verb
and complete its meaning. EX: Many people will listen with interest to facts about bugs.
VERBS are also:
Transitive Verb: an action verb that needs an object to transit its action. It canNOT be used
without Direct Object. (I opened the door)
Intransitive verb – an action verb that CAN be used with no complement. (The birds fly. The
sun shines).
Linking verb – a verb that requires a subject complement to be complete. Linking verbs are
followed by adjective or a noun. (She is nice. He is a doctor.)
Linking Verbs are: be (am, is, are, was, were), appear, seem, look, feel, become, grow, etc.
OBJECTS: words that take the consequences of the action
Direct Object – a noun/pronoun following a transitive verb; it names the receiver of the verb’s
action. It answers to the question “Whom?” and “What?” (I saw her. She bought a book)
Indirect object – a noun/pronoun always used only when there is a Direct Object and stands
before Direct Object. It names the recipient of the direct object. (I wrote him a letter. She teaches us
English)
COMPLEMENTS: words that describe/complement the subject or the
object of the sentence
Subject complement –the noun or adjective (word or phrase) that follows a linking verb; it
renames or describes the subject. (He seems smart. She is my aunt).
Object complement – an adjective or noun (word or phrase), participial, infinitive, that
completes the idea of the verb and modifies or renames the direct object. It is always used with
Direct Object. (They appointed Tom Chairman. The jury found him guilty. We saw him injured.
The captain’s death made the soldiers to surrender).
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Adjective – a word that modifies a noun, is used before the noun or after a Linking Verb and
forms Subject Complement. (A nice girl, The girl is nice)
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Adverbial word/phrase – functions as an adverb and modifies verb, adjective, or other
adverb. It answers to questions “How?” “When?” and “Where?” (He is smiling happily. She is a
very nice woman. He loves her very much. Yesterday, they went home.)
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