Marcellin Biology Midterm Study Guide
Mr. Vickers
What are the goals of science? (Circle all that apply)
A. To investigate and understand the natural world
B. To explain events in the natural world
C. To prove your classmates wrong in class
D. To use derived explanations to make useful predictions
When does scientists’ work start?
A. testing a hypothesis
B. careful observations
C. creating experiments
D. drawing conclusions
What is a conclusion?
A. an experiment
B. what you do before you experiment
C. your final summary of your experiment and answer to your hypothesis
During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
A. a conclusion
B. a mass of information
C. a control group
D. a single variable
Cells are
A. the smallest object a biologist studies
B. a type of molecule
C. what a chemist studies
What is an example of homeostasis?
A. When a person overheats
B. When someone has a fever when they are sick
C. When a person sweats on a hot day or after working out
D. Wanting to sit in air conditioning during the summer
What is found in a typical reaction for photosynthesis?
A. Water
B. Light
C. Carbon Dioxide
D. All of the above
What are the Principles of the Cell Theory? (Circle all that apply)
A. Cells are the basic units of life
B. Cells are found in rocks
C. All living things are made of cells
D. All cells are produced from existing cells
What does the work of scientists usually begin with?
A. data
B. conclusion
C. hypothesis
D. create an experiment
What is a hypothesis?
A. proven fact
B. educated guess
C. experiment
D. conclusion
Write Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic next to each statement for which kind of cell the
statement refers to:
1. No nucleus
2. Have specialized organelles
3. Has a nucleus
4. Found in single cell organisms (Ex: bacteria)
5. Were the first organisms to evolve
6. Found in multicellular organisms
7. Has other organelles besides a nucleus
True or False (Correct the statement if it is false)
1. The endoplasmic reticulum stores DNA.
2. In diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both side of the membrane are
equal, the molecules will stop moving across the membrane.
3. Diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane is called pinocytosis.
4. Mitochondria convert chemical energy into useful compounds in an animal cell.
5. Chloroplasts convert chemical energy into useful compounds in a plant cell.
6. Ribosomes are an example of an organelle that you would expect to find in a plant cell
but not an animal cell.
7. The main function of the cell wall is to support and protect the cell.
8. The nucleus stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
9. Mitosis begins in the M phase.
10. In the cell cycle, DNA is replicated in the S phase.
11. The first phase of mitosis is interphase.
Circle the correct one:
A (Heterozygous/homozygous) organism has two different alleles for a particular trait.
A (Heterozygous/homozygous) organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
If a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant, the probability that an F1 plant will be
tall is (25%/50%/75%/100%).
A (Mushroom, oak, amoeba, tiger) can make its own food using light energy from the sun.
Plants appear green because the chlorophyll (does/does not) absorb (green/violet) light.
If a tall plant was crossed with a short plant in the P generation, why did short plants reappeared
in the F2 generation?
a. the allele for shortness becomes more common in the F2 generation
b. the allele for shortness becomes dominant in the F2 generation
c. the alleles for both heights segregate when the F1 plants made gametes
d. the alleles for tallness begin to disappear in the F2 generation
How many alleles would the F1 generation inherit from each parent’s genotype?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 1
d. 4
If someone’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of their parents?
a. Both parents were tall
b. Both parents were short
c. A recessive allele was contributed from both parents
d. A dominant allele was contributed from both parents
What is the probability of getting heads when you flip a coin?
a. 25%
b. 60%
c. 75%
d. 50%
What is the probability of getting heads when you flip a coin 4 times?
a. 25%
b. 60%
c. 75%
d. 50%
What is a hypothesis?
a. a random question
b. an definite answer to a question
c. an educated guess
What is a theory?
a. formulated from many tests to answer questions on natural world
b. something a person believes in but is not necessarily true
What is cell division?
A. Parents cells divides into two daughter cells
B. When a cell grows
C. When a cell dies
The cell’s outer boundary, ________________________, separates it from the outside
environment.
Plants use ________________________ to absorb ______________________ to get the
energy they need for photosynthesis.
Plants give off __________________________ gas.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Will an animal cell surrounded by fresh water burst? Why?
What does a plant need to produce oxygen?
How do scientists react to new discoveries?
Would a candle inside a glass container burn longer with or without a plant also inside the
container? Explain.
Would a plant produce more or less high-energy sugars if carbon dioxide was removed from its
environment? Explain.
Order the stages of mitosis: prophase, interphase, telophase, anaphase, and metaphase
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
What is the difference between a living and nonliving thing? (Circle all the correct answers)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Living things can move, but non-living things cannot
Energy is required by living things, while non-livings do not require energy.
Living things live in a house, nonliving things do not
Living things are capable of growth, reproduction and death.
Non-living things are non-motile, but living things can move around.
Nonliving things are dead
Living things respire; non-living things do not respire.
Living things adapt to the surroundings and respond to stimulus.
What would happen to a cell if the cell membrane suddenly became impermeable?
Explain the process of osmosis. What happens? Why does it happen?
What characteristics are key for the survival of a group of animals rather than an individual
animal?