Name: _________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
The Darker Side of the 1920s
_________________________
 Blacks rented land & equipment from white farm owners in exchange for
a portion of the crop or a share of the profits
 Farm owners overcharged and cheated the African-Americans so badly …
o They finished the year in __________
o Only method of payment - _____________
_____________________________
 Interested in stripping African-Americans of ____________________
 Example – Carter Glass of Virginia
“The people of the original thirteen southern states curse and spit upon
the 15th Amendment and have no intention of letting the Negro vote.
White supremacy is too precious a thing to surrender for the sake of a
theoretical justice that would let a brutish African deem himself the equal
of white men and women in Dixie.”
“_______________________________”
 One way Southern states prohibited African-Americans from ________
 If a man’s ________________________________________, he was
exempt from harsh voting requirements
 African-American men did not have the right to vote until __________,
so they had to meet these requirements while whites did not
 __________________ overturns these in 1915
Voting Requirements
_________________
 Men had to ____________ and many African-Americans couldn’t
___________
________________________ A man had to prove he could read before he was allowed to vote
 Many African-Americans __________________ and those who could
were given very ______________________________________________
to read (Results scored by white men)
http://kpearson.project.tcnj.edu/interactive/imm_files/test.html
Lynching
 The ______________ of individuals by mob action without
______________
 Means to control African-Americans’ “resistance” to oppression
 ___________ “documented” cases from 1882-1920
 Exposed the ugliest side of human nature
 __________________ announced dates and locations
 “A festive occasion for the entire family”
 Prevailing belief – They’re all ______________
 Most guilty of ________________________________
Reaction to Lynching
“We have crawled and pleaded for justice and we have been cheerfully
spit upon and murdered and burned. If we are to die, in God’s name let
us perish like men and not like bales of hay.”
-Du Bois
_________________ By Lewis Anderson, sung by Billie Holiday
Southern trees bear strange fruit
Blood on the leaves
Blood on the root
Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze
Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees
Pastoral scene of the gallant south
The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth
The scent of magnolia sweet and fresh
Then the sudden smell of burning flesh
Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck
for the rain to gather
for the wind to suck
for the sun to rot
for the tree to drop
Here is a strange and bitter crop
______________________ – 1915
 Showed ______________________
 Showed blacks as violent rapists of white women
 Most ____________________________________
“It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so
true.”
Prohibition
I.
History
 Prohibition has been social issue since _______________
 Goal was to reduce poverty, domestic violence and
unemployment through making consumption of alcohol illegal
 _________ Amendment takes effect January __________
 Prohibition repealed by _________ Amendment in __________
II.
Enforcement of Prohibition
 Volstead Act makes enforcing Prohibition the job of the U.S.
___________________ Department
o ________________________ such as this rare for federal
government
o Treasury department makes more than 540,000 arrests
 Enforcement very difficult as people ______________ the law
III.
Rise of Bootleggers and Speakeasies
 __________________-illegal production or shipping of alcohol
 _________________-secret bars where alcohol was sold
 ______________________ develops into billion dollar industry
 Figures such as Al Capone demonstrate the power of gangsters
and responsible for death of both enemies and over 70 federal
agents
 Prominence of illegal use and organized crime help lead to the
_______________ of the 18th Amendment
Woodrow Wilson
Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal
I. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the First 100 Days
 Roosevelt promised to use increased government power to fight the Depression
 Immediately begins passing ____________ programs in the era known as the
________________________
 FDR chooses wide variety of advisors with three distinct philosophies to
encourage new ideas
 Addressed nation through series of radio broadcasts known as
________________________
 FDR’s programs come to be known as the New Deal
o New Deal did not rely on balanced budget, instead using
________________________
o New Deal programs often referred to by acronyms and nicknamed
________________________
o New Deal was divided into phases due to changes in conditions
II. New Deal Approaches
 _____________: Reform the system in order to ensure that another depression
does not occur
 _____________: Provide relief to people suffering because of the Great
Depression
 _____________: Help the country’s economy recover from the Great
Depression
III. The First New Deal Programs
 Reform programs
o _______________________________________: passed first day
Congress convened to have banks examined and licensed
o ________________________________________: creates independent
agency to regulate stock market and oversee fraud
o _______________________________________: provides government
insurance of deposits to a certain amount
 Relief
o ______________________________________: employed young men
to complete conservation projects while living in camps
o ____________________________________________________:
channeled money to local and state agencies for relief projects
 Recovery
o _______________________________________: provides jobs and
electricity in the south through construction of dams on the Tennessee
River area
o _______________________________________: raised prices for
farmers by paying some farmers not to grow crops to decrease surplus,
but unpopular due to increased prices for consumers
o _______________________________________: gave funds to
contractors for public works construction projects and required hiring of
African-Americans
 Civil Works Administration (CWA) formed as direct government
hiring of workers for projects, but discontinued after one year
o ______________________________________: suspended anti-trust
laws to allow government, business, and labor to set voluntary rules
 set prices, minimum wages, work hours
 allowed workers to form _____________
 ran by National Recovery Adminstration (NRA) that displayed
blue eagle logo in participating companies
 _______________________________________
IV. Challenges to the First New Deal
 __________________ angry over deficit spending and increased powers of the
_____________ government
 _____________ criticized the New Deal as not going far enough to shift
incomes to help the poor
o ____________________: former governor and Senator of Louisiana
with “Share Our Wealth” clubs
o __________________________: reorganization of banks and heavy
taxes on the wealthy
o __________________________: proposed giving seniors $200 check
each month that must be spent
o Roosevelt feared these combined could remove enough support from
Democrats in next election
 ____________________ struck down National Industrial Recovery Act in
Schechter Poultry v. US
o Stated that Constitution did not give Congress ability to _____________
to executive branch
o Other programs struck down and FDR fearful of court destroying the
New Deal
V. Second New Deal
 FDR still popular with general population but under pressure from all sides
 First New Deal had not generated as rapid of recovery as desired
 Creates new set of programs to increase recovery
o _______________________________________: spent $11 billion and
employed 8.5 million people
 Construction of highways, bridges, parks
 __________________________: provided jobs for artists and
musicians to create public murals or sculptures, public
symphonies, and record stories of former slaves
o __________________: payments to elderly (also disabled) that were
collected through payroll taxes paid by workers and employers
o _______________________________________ or “Wagner Act”:
allowed workers the right to form unions without interference and use
binding arbitration to solve disputes
 Labor union process contentious, with “sit-down strikes”, but
unions __________________________
VI. Election of 1936 and Court-Packing Plan
 Roosevelt easily wins reelection against Republican nominee Alfred Landon
(Gov. of Kansas)
 FDR views popular opinion behind the New Deal, but ________________
strikes down NIRA and AAA
o Roosevelt angry that “__________________________” can block the
will of the people
 Supreme Court preparing to hear cases on Social Security and Wagner Act
 Roosevelt wants to change the makeup of the court
o Roosevelt claims Supreme Court is overburdened
o Proposes a bill to increase number of justices
 _________________ for any judge that has served 10 years and
did not retire after ______________
 FDR would likely be able to appoint ______________ justices in
next few years that would support the New Deal
o Criticism of plan
 Southern Democrats fearful it will be used to
__________________
 African Americans fear it will be used by future presidents to
____________________________
 Most Americans see as granting ________________ to the
President
o Ending of the “Court Packing Plan”
 Supreme Court ______________ Social Security and Wagner Act
 ____________________ retires, FDR appoints supporter
 Senate fails to bring up FDR proposal
VII. Roosevelt Recession
 _________________ surges in late 1937, even though economy seemed almost
recovered
 FDR ____________________________ for work programs due to worries
about large debt and public dependency on government programs
 Economy drops and 2 million lose jobs
 FDR’s administration debates a solution
o Some favor ____________________________ to reassure businesses
that they can invest in the economy
o Some favor increasing ________________________
 ____________________________: policy of government
spending, even running a deficit, to jump start the economy
o FDR eventually decides to increase government spending in 1938
VIII. Later New Deal Programs
 Programs
o ____________________________: creates US Housing Authority to
help builders receive loans to build low-cost housing for the poor
o ____________________________: provided loans to tenant farmers to
buy own farms, but led to increases in production and pricing problems
o ________________________________________: reinstated some parts
of NIRA, including 40 hour work-week, and abolishing child labor
 FDR’s successes were smaller after some loss of public support
 Conservative ____________________________ began working with
Republicans to block many New Deal proposals
 FDR must focus most of attention on problems with
____________________________ by 1939
 New Deal era comes to an end and economic recovery not complete until
______________
IX. Shifting Political Institutions
 Increased the power of the ______________
 Increased the power of the ____________________________
 Decreased the independence of business
 African Americans shifting their support
________________________________, this is still the voting pattern today
 ____________________________ become increasing conservative and
resistant to presidential legislation and policies, especially when dealing with
civil rights
X. Significance of the New Deal
 ____________________________
o Provided protections for those facing economic disasters or crises
o People generally felt the government had the duty to maintain the safety
net
o Great expansion to the size of __________________________________
and its budget
 Large bureaucracy with many ______________ programs
remaining part of the government
 Broker state and regulation of the economy
o Government is now expected by many to take a more proactive role in
the economy
o Through Supreme Court decisions, the power of the federal government
to regulate production and consumption within a state was upheld
through the ____________________________
o New Deal attempted to
_________________________________________, so business leaders,
workers, farmers, consumers all looked to government to protect their
interests in the economy
 ___________________: mediating role to work out conflicts
between competing interests
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New Deal Work Programs
Civilian Conservation Corps.
o Jobs for __________________ men 18-25
o Work to generally improve nature in US
Public Works Administration/Civil Works Administration
o Large scale and expensive infrastructure ie ______________________
o Provided work to a more ________________ group that CCC
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
o Provide direct help in forms of ____________________.
Works Progress Administration
o __________________ works program
o Included construction of roads/buildings as well as a revival of the ____.
o Employed ______ Million Americans-______ of the total unemployed.
Tennessee Valley Authority
o Skilled and ________________ workers building dams, libraries, and bring
_____________ to the south.
FERA
Photograph from The Emergency Work Relief Program of the F.E.R.A. (Federal
Emergency Relief Administration, 1935)
Subsistence Garden in Meade County, Kansas
FERA MUSIC
FERA Orchestral and Choral Groups, Bates Hall, Boston Public Library
Line Outside CCC Office Philadelphia PA
The CCC Camp at Staatsburg, NY; four barracks
Workers lived in military style _______ and had to send most of their ________ to their
__________.
The CCC Camp at Staatsburg, NY; building a bridge.
Housing Old V New
PWA Tenement House Brooklyn NY
Provided ________ housing as well as jobs
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PWA
San Francisco Mint completed in May 1937 at a cost of $1,072,254
Construction of Teaneck High School NJ
1,714,797,910 man hours created by the _________.-The equivalent of 10,000 men working
24 hour shifts for 19.5 years.
Social Security
Provided citizens ______ years and older a government _______________program.
Also provided unemployment ___________-payments while you look for a job.
Also provided benefits for the ____________.
Some large groups of workers were left out, _______________ workers, __________ and
house workers.
Still around today, though only as a __________ program.
o Longer life and baby boom presents _____________.
 Life expectancy 59.7 in 1930 78.8 in 2008
 Fist step towards a ______________ state?
TVA
TVA Project: Norris Dam, Norris TN
Oct. 1 1933-March 4 1936
TVA Worker Home
Home of a TVA Workman at Hiawasee Dam. An exterior view of one of the houses which
the Tennessee Valley Authority built to house workmen and their families at Hiawasee Dam
in southwestern North Carolina. Net cost of labor and materials was less than $1,000 per
house for structures of this type, complete with plumbing, lighting and flues for stoves.
Architects avoided a monotonous arrangement by careful placing of the houses and by
changing the location of doors, windows and porches in various buildings of the same type.
Alabama League of Municipalities
Sponsor of "City of Progress Contest"
City Commission of the City of Carbon Hill, Alabama
Example of New Deal Spending
o 2000 population 2,071
Federal Sponsor
P.W.A. Sewer Project Federal $22,219.29 Sponsor $58,500.00
W.P.A. Streets Projects Federal 61,855.29 Sponsor 9,658.08
P.W.A. High School Federal 22,500.00 Sponsor 28,697.00
A.R.A. Projects Federal 24,343.88 Sponsor 1,760.00C.
W.A. Projects Federal 17,788.78 Sponsor 2,584.25
W.P.A. Recreational Project Federal 14,629.02 Sponsor 3,209.42
W.P.A. Vocational Project Federal 9,958.95 Sponsor113.05
W.P.A. Home Economics Project5,301.85
W.P.A. Jail Project Federal 3,552.75 Sponsor 1,080.55
Total Federal $182,149.81 Sponsor$105,602.35
FDR During the New Deal
Appoints _______________ to high level Government jobs.
o ________________ becomes the 1st female cabinet member.
o William Hastie became 1st black ________________.
Took advice from a group of government officials known as the _____________________.
Faces some adversity, and criticism.
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o Fr. Coughlin, Senator Huey Long, and Dr. Townsend all openly criticized the New
Deal.
o ______________ Spending
o Over-stepping presidential _________
o Court Packing
Entertainment
While times were hard, Americans still found time and money to enjoy themselves.
o 80 out 127 Million Americans saw a ________ once a week.
 Some focused on the Depression, but most did not and offered a sense of
___________.
 Tickets cost about 25 cents when a gallon of gas cost 10 cents.
o Most families owned ____________, and families would listen to live weekly radio
shows and music
o Jazz, big band, and swing music were popular for concerts and dance halls.
o Sports, especially ________________________ were still popular.
 Could attend live or listen to on the radio
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjGTCchapOk 1933
Ids- Fireside Chats, Social Security, Lynching, Voting Restrictions, CCC, FDIC, Relief
Recovery Reform (all three are one choice)
Short answer- Please answer three of the following questions. A good answer addresses all
components of the question, uses examples and evidence to back up claims, and consists of
at least 7 sentences.
1 Write a story. Your character should be a member of a family suffering during the
depression. Be sure to included as many details about the depression as possible. Consider
using the Budget Activity, Cinderella Man, and other class materials for inspiration.
2 Briefly describe the racial tension that existed in the US during the 20s. Be sure to explain
the causes of this tension. Next please compare and contrast how WEB Du Bois and Booker
T Washington differed in there views on how Black Americans should respond to the racial
tension.
3 Please explain why some people were not happy with the New Deal. Be sure to give
examples of groups of people/specific individuals who did not support the new deal, and
explain why they were against the New Deal.
4 First explain what Court Packing is. Then explain why Roosevelt wanted to pack the court.
Lastly explain why most Americans did not like the idea of Court Packing.
5 First explain what Prohibition was. Then explain with examples (at least 2) why people
thought Prohibition was needed in the US. Lastly, please explain with example (at least two)
some of the problems caused in the US by Prohibition.
6 Make an argument. Overall, do you think the New Deal was successful at ending the
depression? Be sure you back your thesis up with at least three reasons why you feel the way
you do. Make sure to back these reasons up with evidence/examples.