Table A2. Studies on the association between cannabis use and anxiety disorders
assessed in full-length and reasons for exclusion from the current meta-analysis (N=49
including N=38 from the electronic searches and N=11 from the hand search)
Citation
Search type +
Reason for exclusion
–
or inclusion comments
[1] (Agosti, Nunes, 2002)
Hand search +
[2] (Beard, Dietrich, 2006)
Hand search + in Moore et al. 2007
[3] (Bonn-Miller, Zvolensky, 2010) Search 1-2
– Inadequate data (SDs missing)
[4] (Bonn-Miller, Zvolensky, 2005) Search 1-2
– No anxiety diagnosis (anxiety
sensitivity, anxious arousal)
[5] (Brook, Cohen, 1998)
Hand search +
[6] (Brook, Rosen, 2001)
Search 1-2
+ in Moore et al. 2007
[7] (Buckner, Bonn-Miller, 2007)
Search 1-2
– Non-users missing
[8] (Buckner, Heimberg, 2012)
Search 1-2
– Healthy non-users missing
[9] (Buckner, Joiner, 2012)
Search 1-2
+
[10] (Buckner and Schmidt, 2008)
Search 1-2
+
[11] (Buckner, Schmidt, 2006)
Search 1-2
– Cannabis vs. anxiety comparison
not shown
[12] (Buckner, Schmidt, 2008)
Search 1-2
+
[13] (Cascone, Zimmermann, 2011) Search 1-2
+
[14] (Chabrol, Chauchard, 2008)
Search 1-2
+
[15] (Chabrol, Ducongé, 2005)
Search 1-2
+
[16] (Chabrol, Duconge, 2004)
Search 1-2
– Same cases as in [15] (Chabrol,
Ducongé, 2005)
[17] (Cheung, Mann, 2010)
Search 1-2
+ Anxiety and depression
[18] (Cohen, Cohen, 1993)
Search 1-2
– Cannabis vs. anxiety comparison
not shown
[19] (Cougle, Bonn-Miller, 2011)
Search 1-2
+
[20] (Crum and Anthony, 1993)
Hand search + in Moore et al. 2007
[21] (de Dios, Hagerty, 2010)
Search 1-2
– Cannabis vs. anxiety comparison
not shown
[22] (Degenhardt, Coffey, 2013)
Search 1-2
+
[23] (Degenhardt, Hall, 2001)
Search 1-2
– Same cases as in [24]
(Degenhardt, Hall, 2001)
[24] (Degenhardt, Hall, 2001)
Search 1-2
+
[25] (Degenhardt, Coffey, 2010)
Hand search + Anxiety and depression
[26] (Dorard, Berthoz, 2008)
Search 1-2
– High comorbidity with other
substances (seekers of treatment
for cannabis withdrawal)
[27] (Fergusson, Lynskey, 1996)
Hand search + in Moore et al. 2007
[28] (Gilder, Lau, 2006)
Search 1-2
– Cannabis vs. anxiety comparison
not shown
[29] (Hayatbakhsh, Najman, 2007) Search 1-2
+ Anxiety and depression
[30] (Lamers, Bechara, 2006)
Search 1-2
+
[31] (Low, Lee, 2008)
Search 1-2
+
[32] (Malmberg, Overbeek, 2010)
Search 1-2
– No anxiety diagnosis (anxiety
sensitivity)
[33] (Martins and Gorelick, 2011)
Hand search +
[34] (McGee, Williams, 2000)
Hand search + Anxiety and depression
1
–
[35] (Monshouwer, Van Dorsselaer, Search 1-2
2006)
[36] (Newbury-Birch, Lowry,
Search 1-2
2002)
[37] (Patton, Coffey, 2002)
Search 1-2
+
[38] (Pavarin, 2006)
Search 1-2
–
[39] (Roberts, Roberts, 2007)
[40] (Swift, Coffey, 2008)
[41] (van der Pol, Liebregts, 2013)
[42] (van Laar, van Dorsselaer,
2007)
[43] (Wagner and da Silva Oliveira,
2009)
[44] (Weller and Halikas, 1985)
Search 1-2
Hand search
Hand search
Search 1-2
+
+
+
+
Search 1-2
–
Search 1-2
–
[45] (Wells and Stacey, 1976)
[46] (Wiles, Zammit, 2006)
Search 1-2
Hand search
–
+
–
Cannabis vs. anxiety comparison
not shown
Cannabis vs. anxiety comparison
not shown
Anxiety and depression (in Moore
et al. 2007)
High comorbidity with other
substances (music festivals
attendees)
Anxiety and depression
Cases in treatment for cannabis
dependence
Inadequate data (too few anxiety
cases to compute OR)
Inadequate data (SDs missing)
NPMS study methods;
unpublished results in Moore et al.
2007
[47] (Wittchen, Fröhlich, 2007)
Search 1-2
+
[48] (Zvolensky, Bernstein, 2006)
Search 1-2
+
[49] (Zvolensky, Cougle, 2010)
Search 1-2
+
Note: A total of N=31 studies were selected for the current meta-analysis. All studies in
the table above were inspected in full-length and assessed by both authors. A full list of
all N=267 sources and the reasons for exclusion of each source are listed in the online
Table A1.
Abbreviations: +/–: included/excluded from the current analysis; NPMS: the British
National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, UK; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation
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5