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1.15 Using Solubility Rules to Predict Precipitate Formation
(pp. 54 – 60)
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A ____________________ is a homogeneous mixture in which a _______________ – substance in lesser
quantity – is dissolved in a ____________________ – substance in greater quantity.
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An ______________________________ is a solution in which water is the solvent.
The subscript _____ denotes an aqueous solution
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A solid that is formed as a result of the chemical reaction of two aqueous solutions is called a
____________________.
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____________________ is a measure of the amount of a substance that dissolves in water at a given
temperature and pressure.
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A substance with ______________________________ will remain solid when mixed with water or
precipitate out of the solution.
This is denoted with a subscript _____ for solid.
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Table 1 on p. 54 tells us which ionic compounds are soluble and which has low solubility.
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Practice:
___ AgNO3(aq) + ___ CaCl2(aq) 
___ NaOH(aq) + ___ Ca(NO3)2(aq) 
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If both products are soluble, there is no reaction – write NR after the arrow
NaNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) 
Writing Net Ionic Equations
In many ionic reactions not all the chemical species undergo a change. Those that do not change are
called spectator ions. When chemists remove the spectator ions from a chemical reaction they produce what
is termed a net ionic reaction. Net ionic equations indicate only the substance that undergo a change and are
very important in our study of chemistry. A total ionic equation is an equation that illustrates all the soluble
ionic compounds in their ionic form
In order to write net ionic reactions we need to do the following steps:
1. Identify the reaction type and possible products formed.
2. Look up the solubility of both products, and indicate their states.
3. Write out and balance the equation.
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4. Write out the ions that exist in the solution. Remember that solids and gases are not written as ions.
This is called a total ionic equation.
5. Remove common aqueous ions, (ions that are in both the reactant and product). The resulting
equation is called the net ionic equation.
Example 1: Write the total ionic equation and the net ionic equation for the reaction between sodium sulfate,
Na2SO4, and calcium chloride, CaCl2.
Example 2: Write the total ionic equation and the net ionic equation for the reaction between ammonium
hydroxide, NH4OH, and sodium nitrate, NaNO3.