Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего
профессионального образования «Ставропольский государственный медицинский
университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации
ГБОУ ВПО СтГМУ Минздрава России
Кафедра биологии
Утверждаю
И.О.проректора по учебной
деятельности, профессор
____________/А.Ходжаян/
«__»______________ 2015года
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS on BIOLOGY
for the medical students of the English-speaking Medium
1. The forms of life. Concept of eucaryotes, procaryotes, viruses.
2. Structural features of a procaryotic cell.
3. Structural features of the eucaryotic plant cells and eucaryotic animal cells.
4. Structure and functions of the cell surface apparatus.
5. Structure and functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
6. Structure and functions of ribosomes.
7. Structure and functions of lysosomes.
8. Structure and functions of mitochondria. Genetical role of mitochondria.
9. Structural organization and functions of the cell centre.
10. Structural organization and functions of the Golgi apparatus.
11. Organelles of plant cell, their structure arid functions.
12. Structure and functions of the nuclear envelope.
13. Structure and functions of an interphase nucleus.
14. Structure, chemical composition and functions of the nucleolus.
15. Inclusions, their classification and significance.
16. Organization of interphase chromatin, interrelation between its structure and
functional activity.
17. DNA replication and its significance.
18. Modes of cell division, their nature and significance.
19. Life cycle of a cell and its peculiarities in the different cell populations.
20. The characteristics of phases of mitosis and its biological importance.
21. Structural organization of the metaphase chromosomes. Notion of karyotype.
Specificity of karyotype in a species.
22. Spermatogenesis. The basic differences from oogenesis.
23. Oogenesis. Its basic differences from spermatogenesis.
24. Maturation period. Meiosis, its genetic and biological importance.
25. Recombination of genetic material during meiosis. Its significance in ontogenesis.
26. Characteristics of prophase I in meiosis.
27. Amitosis. Kinds of amitosis.
28. Main concepts of genetics (dominant, recessive, homo- and heterozygous
organisms, genotype and phenotype etc.). To give examples.
29. Mendel's Laws and their cytological fundamentals.
30. Allelic genes. Interaction of allelic genes.
31. Concept about interaction of non-allelic genes.
32. Variability and its kinds. Significance in ontogenesis and evolution.
33. Modificative variability. The normal response of genetically determinated signs.
Characteristics of modification.
34. Mutation variability. A classification of mutations.
35. Gene mutations, mechanisms of origin.
36. Methods of human heredity study.
37. Mendelated signs of humans. (Examples of inheritance of normal and pathological
signs). Concept about mono- and polygenic type of inheritance.
38. Essence and significance of genealogic method.
39. Peculiarities of autosome - dominant and autosome - recessive types of inheritance.
(Examples).
40. Peculiarities of X- linked inheritance (dominant and recessive). Regularities of
inheritance of X-linked signs.
41. Holandric genes. Y-chromosome genes determinated signs.
42. Twins method in human heredity study and its importance.
43. Cytogenetic methods in human heredity study.
44. Obtaining a human karyotype and its study. Classification of chromosomes.
45. The sex genetics. Mechanism of its genetic determination and developmental
differentiation.
46. Concept about hereditary illnesses, classification, mechanism of origin.
47. Multiple allelism and its regularities.
48. Genetics of blood groups of ABO system as an example for multiple allelism.
49. The nature of parasitism. Classification of parasites.
50. Classification and description of the type Protozoa.
51. Description of the class Sarcodina. Obligatory and facultative parasites.
52. Entamoeba histolytica.
53. Description of the class Flagellata. Flagellates as parasites of man.
54. Giardia lamblia (Lamblia intestinalis).
55. Trichomonas vaginalis.
56. Leishmanias. Species of leishmanias and forms of leishmaniasis.
57. Trypanosomes. Species of trypanosomes. African and American
trypanosomiasis.
58. Description of the class Sporozoa. Peculiarities of the morphology of Sporozoa.
Sporozoa as parasites of man.
59. Structure and life cycle of malarial Plasmodium. Species of malarial plasmodia
and forms of the disease.
60. Toxoplasma gondii. Peculiarities of life cycle and ways of transmission.
61. Description of the class Infusoria (Ciliata). Peculiarities of morphology and
reproduction.
62. Balantidium coli.
63. Notion of helminths: geohelminthes, biohelminthes, contact-transmitted
helminthes. Examples.
64. Description and classification of the type Plathelminthes.
65. Description of the class Trematoda. Trematodes as parasites of man.
66. Peculiarities and biological significance of the development of trematodes in
snails.
67. Fasciola hepatica.
68. Paragonimus westermani.
69. Opisthorchis felineus.
70. Schistosomes: variety of species, structural features.
71. Description of the class Cestoidea. Cestodes as parasites of man.
72. Structure of larval stages of Cestoidea: oncosphere, larva II (finn). Kinds of
larvae II (finns).
73. Taeniarhynchus saginatu.
74. Taenia solium. Taeniasis. Cysticercosis.
75. Hymenolepis nana. Peculiarities of life cycle and ways of transmission.
76. Echinococcus granulosus. Peculiarities of larval form (hydatid cyst)
development. Geographic distribution and foci of echinococcosis.
77. Alveococcus multilocularis. Peculiarities of larval form (hydatid cyst)
development. Geographic distribution and foci of alveococcosis.
78. Diphyllobothrium latum. Peculiarities of morphology and life cycle.
79. Description of the type Nemathelminthes. Nemathelminthes as parasites of man.
80. Ascaris lumbricoides. Lite cycle, peculiarities of larval stage of development.
81. Trichocephalus trichiurus. Peculiarities of nutrition and distribution.
82. Trichinella spiralis. Peculiarities of life cycle. Ways of the spread of
trichinellosis in synanthropic and natural foci.
83. Enterobius vermicularis. Peculiarities of invasion.
84. Ancylostoma duodenale. Peculiarities of larval stages of development.
85. Dracunculus medinensis: peculiarities of life cycle and localization in the human
organism.
86. Structure of helminthic eggs; diagnostic significance of eggs.
87. Description and classification of the type Arthropoda.
88. Description and classification of Chelicerata, Poisonous Chelicerata.
89. Description and classification of the order Acarina. Acarina as vectors and
agents of human diseases.
90. Ixodidae. Significance of Ixodidae as vectors of human infections.
91. Argasidae. Significance of Argasidae as vectors of human infectious agents.
92. Family Acariformes. Acarussiro.
93. Description and classification of the class Insecta, their ecological and medical
importance.
94. Anoplura (Lice). Species of Anoplura. Peculiarities of life cycle. Lice as vectors
of human infectious agents.
95. Aphaniptera (Fleas), peculiarities of life cycle. Fleas as vectors of human
infectious agents.
96. Description and classification of the order Diptera. Main families, their
ecological and medical importance.
97. Family Culicidae, peculiarities of structure and development of mosquitoes
belonging to different genera. Gonotrophic cycle.
98. Mosquitoes as vectors of human infectious agents.
99. Family Muscidae (flies). Bloodsucking and non-bloodsucking flies. Medical
importance of flies. Myiasis.
100. Basic mode of transmission of human infections and invasions by Arthropods.
Examples.
Note. For the description of separate representatives it is necessary: -to give their
systematic position and name in English and Latin, -to describe morphology, -to
describe life cycle, -to describe laboratory diagnostics of diseases, -to describe
personal and community control and preventive measures.
Утверждены на заседании кафедрального совещания.
Протокол № 15 от 05.05.2015г.
Зав.каф.проф.
Ходжаян А.Б.
Декан факультета
иностранных студентов
Знаменская С.В.
Председатель ЦМК
Знаменская С.В.