Psych Formative Assessment (HALF-TERMLY)
Submit your work for formal assessment by inserting the files into a copy
of this Word document. The contents, in order, should be:
1. This Page 1 coversheet, completed.
2. Page 2 of the coversheet, completed.
3. First draft of the work, with peer feedback comments on. (This may
be two copies for two different sets of feedback.)
4. Page 3 of the coversheet, completed.
5. Draft 2 of the work, if relevant.
6. Page 4 of the coversheet, completed.
7. Draft 3 of the work (call it this whether you did draft 2 or not.) This
is the draft your teacher will comment on and return.
8. Final draft (draft 4.)
9. Page 5 of the coversheet, completed with grades.
Candidate name:
Exam level:
A2 / AS / GCSE
Unit and / or topic:
Last term’s graded piece:
Target grade:
Title of piece of work:
Marks and time available:
Marks
Final grade (self / teacher):
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
Minutes
Psych Formative – Page 2
Place this sheet BEFORE the PEER-COMMENTED FIRST DRAFT.
Peer markers should give comment and advice on the work using
the “Review” function in Word. They should not give a grade.
They should give an even balance of praise and criticism.
The two peer markers for my work were: (names + surnames)
Zahra
Obaid
Include BOTH peer markers’ commented essays or the teacher
won’t help.
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
(Marked by Zahra)
Freud’s theory of psychopathology
Freud came up with a number of different psychodynamic approaches; he referred to his approach as psychoanalytic and
forms a basis of all approaches. Freud studied the structure of a human’s personality and decided that it’s made up of
three different aspects: the id, the ego and the superego. If the ego fails to balance out the demands of the id and
superego the person might develop a psychological disorder as a result of this. The id is present from birth and then
the ego and superego are developed shortly after, however during the time the ego is undeveloped there are
conflicts that arise which Freud believes is result of adult disorders and has called this intra-psychic and as a
consequence of these 3 being in conflict, anxiety is developed. In order to battle this there needs to be a balance
between them and to do this there are ego defense mechanisms. One ego defense mechanism is repression, this is
where threatening impulses are repressed into the unconscious and do not disappear but the individual is unaware
of them, however may cause other emotional disorders. Displacement is where there is an emotion of something like
hatred and it gets replaced from the person its aimed towards to someone else. Finally denial occurs when the
individual refuses to accept that an event has happened.
Freud also studied psychosexual development, this is the study of children growing up and experiencing different
changes they have been put into stages. The first stage is the oral stage, this is from when he individual is from birth
to 18 months, the mouth is in focus with activities including sucking and then as teeth begin to develop, which results
to biting. Fixation is where there is a failure to resolve one of the stages. In the oral stage fixation would include adult
activities like smoking, eating or drinking, this stage also involved dependency for the infant which then results in the
adult being over-dependent in relationships. The second stage is the anal stage, this is from 18 months to 3 years and
focus’ on the anus. To see whether the individual has control over its environment and is able to retain and expel
faeces, fixation can include having an obsession with hygiene and cleanliness resulting in OCD possibly. Then comes
the phallic stage, which lasts until age 4 or 5 where the individual knows the difference between the sexes. This
includes the Oedipus complex which is where the boys develop a close and sexual curiosity towards their mothers
that lead to intense affection and desire seeing their father as a rival and then turns into fear of losing their father
and to cope with these mixed emotions the son takes in the fathers moral attitudes which is then the foundation of
the superego. Then later is the latency period comes puberty and sexual feelings become more focused on partners
and not themselves. Freud’s theory is based mainly on males and even then the female version was a sought of
afterthought that lacks detail and states that in the phallic stage the female realizes she has no penis and therefore
shows penis envy, leading her to develop an affection towards her dad. Although the study is based on infants, Freud
didn’t study them directly and based his studies on case studies with adults that came to him with neurotic disorders,
he then linked them to early childhood experiences.
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
Freud’s theory of psychopathology
Freud came up with a number of different psychodynamic approaches; he referred to his approach as psychoanalytic and
forms a basis of all approaches. Freud studied the structure of a human’s personality and decided that it’s made up of
three different aspects: the id, the ego and the superego. If the ego fails to balance out the demands of the id and
superego the person might develop a psychological disorder as a result of this. The id is present from birth and then
the ego and superego are developed shortly after, however during the time the ego is undeveloped there are
conflicts that arise which Freud believes is result of adult disorders and has called this intra-psychic and as a
consequence of these 3 being in conflict, anxiety is developed. In order to battle this there needs to be a balance
between them and to do this there are ego defense mechanisms. One ego defense mechanism is repression, this is
where threatening impulses are repressed into the unconscious and do not disappear but the individual is unaware
of them, however may cause other emotional disorders. Displacement is where there is an emotion of something like
hatred and it gets replaced from the person it’s aimed towards to someone else. Finally denial occurs when the
individual refuses to accept that an event has happened.
Freud also studied psychosexual development, this is the study of children growing up and experiencing different
changes they have been put into stages. The first stage is the oral stage, this is from when he individual is from birth
to 18 months, the mouth is in focus with activities including sucking and then as teeth begin to develop, which results
to biting. Fixation is where there is a failure to resolve one of the stages. In the oral stage fixation would include adult
activities like smoking, eating or drinking, this stage also involved dependency for the infant which then results in the
adult being over-dependent in relationships. The second stage is the anal stage, this is from 18 months to 3 years and
focus’ on the anus. To see whether the individual has control over its environment and is able to retain and expel
faeces, fixation can include having an obsession with hygiene and cleanliness resulting in OCD possibly. Then comes
the phallic stage, which lasts until age 4 or 5 where the individual knows the difference between the sexes. This
includes the Oedipus complex which is where the boys develop a close and sexual curiosity towards their mothers
that lead to intense affection and desire seeing their father as a rival and then turns into fear of losing their father
and to cope with these mixed emotions the son takes in the fathers moral attitudes which is then the foundation of
the superego. Then later is the latency period comes puberty and sexual feelings become more focused on partners
and not themselves. Freud’s theory is based mainly on males and even then the female version was a sought of
afterthought that lacks detail and states that in the phallic stage the female realizes she has no penis and therefore
shows penis envy, leading her to develop an affection towards her dad. Although the study is based on infants, Freud
didn’t study them directly and based his studies on case studies with adults that came to him with neurotic disorders,
he then linked them to early childhood experiences.
Psych Formative – Page 3
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
From the advice of your peer markers, write 5-10 lines
summarizing what you think you most need to work on and
change (this box expands as you write):
I think the advice is very useful, I will take onboard all of the information given to me,
however the feedback from Zahra that says the order of Freud’s structure of personality
should be the other way around, I don’t understand where she’s coming from. However I
will change the necessary corrections.
If peer feedback revealed major issues you need to fix BEFORE
asking for the teacher’s help, then redraft (draft 2).
Otherwise, you can now pass this on to the teacher.
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
Freud’s theory of psychopathology
Freud studied two theories, one for the structure of human personality and the other for psychosexuality, he came up
with a number of different psychodynamic approaches; he referred to his approach as psychoanalytic and forms a
basis of all approaches. Freud decided that the human personality is made up of three different aspects: the id (the
instinctual psychic energy that we’re born with), the ego (represents our conscious and operates on the reality
principle) and the superego (our personal moral authority). If the ego fails to balance out the demands of the id and
superego the person might develop a psychological disorder as a result of this. The id is present from birth and then
the ego and superego are developed shortly after, however during the time the ego is undeveloped there are
conflicts that arise which Freud believes is result of adult disorders and as a consequence of these 3 being in conflict,
anxiety is developed. In order to battle this there needs to be a balance between them and to do this there are ego
defense mechanisms, these are repression, displacement and denial. However this theory is coming from neurotic
adults and their experiences as a child and not directly studied from the children, which could cause inaccurate
results and the reactions to the stimuli might be different if it was studied straight from a child, the memory from the
neurotic adult might be distant or deformed from the influences of the environment. In addition the repressed
conflicts could eventually come up as symptoms of anxiety or other emotional disorders such as depression.
Freud also studied psychosexual development, this is the study of children growing up and experiencing different
changes they have been put into stages. The first stage is the oral stage, this is from when he individual is from birth
to 18 months, the mouth is in focus with activities including sucking and then as teeth begin to develop, which results
to biting. Fixation is where there is a failure to resolve one of the stages. In the oral stage fixation would include adult
activities like smoking, eating or drinking, this stage also involved dependency for the infant, which then results in the
adult being over-dependent in relationships. The second stage is the anal stage, this is from 18 months to 3 years and
focuses on the anus. To see whether the individual has control over its environment and is able to retain and expel
faeces, fixation can include having an obsession with hygiene and cleanliness resulting in OCD possibly. Then comes
the phallic stage, which lasts until age 4 or 5 where the individual knows the difference between the sexes. This
includes the Oedipus complex, which is where the boys develop a close and sexual curiosity towards their mothers.
Which then lead to intense affection and desire seeing their father as a rival, in relation to this the emotions then
turn into fear of losing their father and to cope with these mixed emotions the son takes in the fathers moral
attitudes which is then the foundation of the superego. Then later is the latency period comes puberty and sexual
feelings become more focused on partners and not themselves. Freud’s theory is based mainly on males and even
then the female version was a sought of afterthought that lacks detail and states that in the phallic stage the female
realizes she has no penis and therefore shows penis envy towards males, and then leading her to develop an
affection towards her dad. Although the study is based on infants, Freud didn’t study them directly and based his
studies on case studies with adults that came to him with neurotic disorders; he then linked them to early childhood
experiences. On the other hand he was the first psychologist to suggest how adult behavior could be influenced by
early childhood experiences and Ainsworth who conducted an experiment on attachment styles and later adult
relationships who supports Freud’s approach. This study was also brought up in the late nineteenth century in Vienna
which has an impact on the stages and normal and abnormal behavior might be slightly different then because of the
cultural period.
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
Psych Formative – Page 4
Place this sheet AFTER the new draft you did following peer
feedback. (If no redraft, this is straight after the Stage 2 sheet.)
Remember that the amount of teacher feedback you can get is
very limited and you should use it carefully and sparingly.
Place a cross (“X”) in ONE box:
“I HAVE redrafted after peer feedback”
“I HAVE NOT redrafted after peer feedback”
X
Now send all of the above on to your teacher. Make sure
EVERYTHING is included IN ORDER before you send it. Your
teacher will add their comments.
After it’s returned you will need to do a FINAL DRAFT bearing the
teacher’s advice in mind.
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
Psych Formative – Page 5
Draft 3, with guidance comments from the teacher, should be
BEFORE this sheet. Now rewrite it. You may want to use this box
to plan the changes you need to make (about 2-3 lines will do):
AFTER this sheet, place that Final Draft with improvements made
following the teacher’s advice.
When you have done that, return to the front sheet:
 use the mark scheme to give yourself a final grade
 your teacher will add their view
 if these are different, find some lesson time to ask about it
FINALLY – print it, staple it, and keep it in the folder in the
classroom (this will enable you to refer back to it with your
teacher in order to keep track of your progress.)
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
From plan to feedback to grade (appendix)
Planning might require just a
half-page, or a list of key
terms that must be used.
Summative marking
Formative feedback
Planning / drafting
START HERE
Key terms list
Plan it
First draft
Peer
feedback
Depending on your
confidence level, you might
do the essay under timed
conditions (or not), open
book or closed, with plan and
key terms list visible (or not.)
Try to move up these
confidence levels – but not
too fast.
Rewrite
Teacher
feedback
Final
rewrite
Self- or
peer-grade
Teacher
confirms
© 2011 V Pedersen. No unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution without a valid license.
Peer feedback must come
first and is more
important than teacher
feedback. In the short
route, this is followed by
teacher feedback; or you
can redraft from peer
feedback before getting
teacher help. You won’t
get teacher help without
evidence of meaningful
peer feedback first.
Don’t hand the work to
the teacher to mark
summatively. You must be
able to use the mark
scheme to grade it yourself
– or you don’t understand
what the examiner wants.
The teacher can help you
“home in” on marking
accuracy but the onus is
on you to learn this skill.