1)
Mughal painting is
a particular style of South Asian painting, generally confined to miniatures either as book
illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums, which emerged from Persian miniature painting, with Indian Hindu, Jain,
and Buddhist influences, and developed largely in the court of the Mughal Empire (16th - 19th centuries), and later spread to
other Indian courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and later Sikh. Mughal painting developed and flourished during the reigns of
Humayun, Akbar, Shah Jahan and Jahangir. Mughal painting flourished during the late 16th and early 17th centuries with
spectacular works of art by master artists such as Basawan, Lal, Miskin, Kesu Das, and Daswanth.Govardhan was a noted
painter during the reigns of Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The sub-imperial school of Mughal painting included artists
such as Mushfiq, Kamal, and Fazl.During the first half of the 18th century, many Mughal-trained artists left the imperial
workshop to work at Rajput courts. These include artists such as Bhawanidas and his son Dalchand. Mughal-style miniature
paintings are still being created today by a small number of artists in Rajasthan concentrated mainly in Jaipur. The modern
artist of this art is Raffi uddin and Saif uddin.
2)
Rajput painting, also known as Rajasthani Painting, is a style of Indian painting, evolved and flourished during the
18th century in the royal courts of Rajputana, India, flowing from the style of Mughal painting, itself derived from the Persian
miniature. Each Rajput kingdom evolved a distinct style, but with certain common features. Rajput paintings depict a number
of themes, events of epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Krishna’s life, beautiful landscapes, and humans. In the
last decades of the 16th Century Rajput art schools began to develop distinctive styles combining indigenous as well as
foreign influences (Persian, Mughal, Chinese, European) into unique styles. Various identifiable styles developed in different
Rajput
art
schools
particularly
at
Amber
(near
presentday Jaipur), Bikaner, Marwar (Jodhpur), Mewar (Udaipur), Kishangarh, Pratapgarh, Kota, Bundi, Nathdwara, Kangra,Kulu,an
d Guler. Jitendra Sahoo is a famous artist of Rajput painting.
3)
Mysore painting is an important form of classical South Indian painting that originated in the town
of Mysore in Karnataka. Painting in Karnataka has a long and illustrious history, tracing its origins back to the Ajanta
times (2nd century B.C. to 7th century A.D.) The distinct school of Mysore painting emerged from this legacy around
the time of the reign of the Vijayanagar Kings. The themes for most of these paintings are Hindu gods and
goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology. In modern times, these paintings have become a much sought after
souvenir during festive occasions in South India.
4)
Tanjore painting
5)
Madhubani painting or Mithila
is an important form of classical South Indian painting native to the town
of Thanjavur (anglicized as Tanjore) in Tamil Nadu, India. Tanjore paintings are known for their surface
richness, vivid colours and compact composition. Essentially serving as devotional icons, the themes of
most of these paintings are Hindu gods and goddesses, as well as saints. Episodes from Hindu tradition
are drawn upon as elaborations of the main figure or figures placed in the central section of the picture.
Tanjore paintings are panel paintings done on solid wood planks, and hence referred to as palagai
padam (palagai = "wooden plank"; padam = "picture") in local parlance. In modern times, these
paintings have become souvenirs of festive occasions in South India, pieces to decorate walls, and
collectors' items for art lovers.
painting is a style of Indian painting, practiced in
the Mithila region of Bihar state, India and the adjoining parts of Terai in Nepal. Painting is done with
fingers, twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks, using natural dyes and pigments, and is
characterized by eye-catching geometrical patterns. There are paintings for each occasion and festival
such as birth, marriage, holi, surya shasti, kali puja, Upanayanam (sacred thread ceremony), and durga
puja. In the present time the main artists include Smt Bharti Dayal 'Ganga devi' Smt Bua Devi, late Smt
Jagdamba Devi, late Smt Sita Devi, Smt Mahasundari Devi and others. Bharti Dayal is also honoured
with The Vishist Bihari Samman amid festivities to commemorate 100 year of Bihar. Smt Mahasundari
Devi was again awarded, this time Padma Shri by the government of India in 2011. Maithili painting,
known for their vibrant lines and striking colours, age “written” by the tribal women of northern Bihar as preparation
for religious ceremonies and important festivities. They are also known as Madhubani paintings. Madhuban, forest of
honey, is Mithila’s largest district and one of the main centres of this art form. Mithila, or Videha in ancient times, lies
in the northern Darbhanga district of Bihar. On the northern front this region is marked off from Nepal by the
Himalayan foothills. In the south the rivers Ganga, Gandaki and Kosi have secured it from the great plains of central
India.
6)
Patachitra
or painting on cloth is among the most distinct forms of traditional painting in Orissa.
The word is derived from the Sanskrit word patta meaning 'canvas' and chitra meaning 'picture'.
Raghurajpur in Puri district has the largest number of chitrakars, painters. The origin of the Patachitra
paintings can be traced back to the 8th century AD and it is considered as one of the earliest forms of
indigenous paintings.
7)
The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School [1], was an influential art
movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal, primarily Kolkata and Shantiniketan,
and flourished throughout India during the British Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian
style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism (swadeshi) and led
by Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by British arts
administrators like E. B. Havell, the principal of the Government College of Art, Kolkata from 1896;
eventually it led to the development of the modern Indian painting.
8)
Manjushas are temple-shaped boxes, Containg 8 -Pillars.They are made of bamboo,jute and paper.They also
contains Painting of Gods and Goddesses and Other Characters. These boxes are used in Bishahari puja -A festival
Dedicated to Snake God, Celebrated in Bhagalpur,India. Manjusha Art is one of the very old and historically very
important Art which is expression wise not less than Madhubani Art or any art of India. Manjusha Art or Manjusha
Kala is often referred to as Snake Paintings by foreigners as swirling snakes in the art depict the central character
Bihula’s tale of love and sacrifice.
9)
Pahari painting:The Pahari school developed and flourished during 17th-19th centuries stretching
from Jammu to Almora and Garhwal, in the sub-Himalayan India, through Himachal Pradesh, and each creating stark
variations within the genre, ranging from bold intense Basohli Painting, originating from Basohli in Jammu and
Kashmir, to the delicate and lyrical Kangra paintings, which became synonymous to the style before other schools of
paintings developed, which reached its pinnacle with paintings of Radha and Krishna, inspired by Jayadev's Gita
Govinda. It gave birth to a new idiom in Indian painting, and grew out of the Mughal painting, though this was
patronized mostly by the Rajput kings who ruled many parts of the region.
10)
Miniatures paintings are beautiful handmade paintings, which are quite colourful but small in size. The
highlight of these paintings is the intricate and delicate brushwork, which lends them a unique identity. The colours
are handmade, from minerals, vegetables, precious stones, indigo, conch shells, pure gold and silver. The most
common theme of the Miniature painting of India comprises of the Ragas i.e., the musical codes of Indian classical
music. There were a number of miniature schools in the country, including those of Mughals, Rajputs and the
Deccan.
11)
Phad painting is a popular style of folk painting, practiced in Rajasthan state of India. This style of painting is
traditionally done on a long piece of cloth, known as phad. The narratives of the folk deities of Rajasthan, mostly
of Pabuji and Devnarayan are depicted on the phads. The Bhopas, the priest-singers traditionally carry the
painted phads along with them and use these as the mobile temples of the folk deities. The phads of Pabuji are
normally about 15 feet in length, while the phads of Devnarayan are normally about 30 feet long. Traditionally
the phads are painted with vegetable colors. The Joshi families of Bhilwara, Shahpura in Bhilwara
district of Rajasthan are widely known as the traditional artists of this folk art-form for the last two centuries.
Presently, Shree Lal Joshi, Nand Kishor Joshi , Prakash Joshi and Shanti Lal Joshi are the most noted artists of
the phad painting, who are known for their innovations and creativity.
12)
The Jadupatua paintings are vertical scroll paintings were performed on cloth in erlier days but later these
paintings were done on papers. These paintings were popular in Murshidabad, Birbhum, Bankura,
Hoogly,Burdwan,and Midnapore districts of West Bengal and Santal paraganas of Bihar. The scroll paintings were
prepared mainly for Santal audience by a special Hindu painter caste known as jadupatuas and were collected in the
santal paraganas.
13)
Kalighat painting originated in the 19th century Bengal, in the vicinity of Kalighat Kali Temple, Kalighat, Kolkata, India, and
from being items of souvenir taken by the visitors to the Kali temple, the paintings over a period of time developed as a distinct school
of Indian painting. From the depiction of Hindu gods,goddesses, and other mythological characters, the Kalighat paintings developed
to reflect a variety of themes.
14)
Mali paintings are those paintings done on caskets by the Hindu caste of Bihar whose chief occupation was
making of garlands for worship. The paintings on the caskets were exemplified by brilliant and dazzling colors that
are the attractive and elegant. The subjects in the paintings were not portrayed in a literal or naturalistic manner and
the wildest distortions were used by the painters to express their idea.
15)
Puri paintings are paintings done on cloth to which a plaster of cow-dung is first applied to impart stiffness to the
cloth so that the paintings would appear attractive. The puri paintings are described as ‘very rude oil paintings’. The
paintings are done by the hereditary sub caste of chitrakars or professional artists of orissa.
16)
Batik painting: This art of painting the cloth in batik is being poplar over years. Its history can be traced back to
as many as 2100 years today. Done usually on a cotton or a silk fabric, this form of painting, uses dyes that make the
cloth much appealing. Dyers use single, double and multi colored vegetable dyes to make the exclusive batik painted
fabric.
17) The indian artists adopted indian oil painting as aunique technique of art and Raja Ravi
Verma was considered to be poineer to be the poineer who made this new medium popular
in india.
18)
The Warlis or Varlis are an indigenous tribe or Adivasis, living in Mountainous as well as coastal areas
of Maharashtra-Gujarat border and surrounding areas. They have their own
animistic beliefs, life, customs and
traditions; as a result of acculturation they have adopted many Hindu beliefs. The Warlis speak an unwritten Varli
language which belong to the southern zone of the Indo-Aryan languages