RSPB-2012-0857 – Reconstructing Past Species Assemblages Reveals the Changing Patterns and Drivers of Extinction Through Time
Lindell Bromham, Robert Lanfear, Phillip Cassey, Gillian Gibb, Marcel Cardillo
Table S4: Correlates of extinction risk for extinct and threatened species.
Total number of species with data available (n total
) and the number that went extinct in each period for which the relevant data was available (n ext
) is given for each historical period (see Figure 1). We did not analyse variables for periods where there were less than 10 species in that period with available data, nor did we analyse diet or habitat data for species from E
1
and E
2
. Each regression model was estimated for phylogenetically independent contrasts on a set of 1000 alternative phylogenies. Here we report the median values of slopes across the 1000 tests (b
50
), and the proportion of trees in which p ≤ 0.05. For E
4
, we present results of tests in which extinction risk is treated as a binary variable (threatened vs nonthreatened) and an ordinal variable (based on IUCN categories: see main text).
Trait
E
1
Pre-human Extinction
(29 species)
E
2
Post-Polynesian Extinction
(34 species)
E
3
Post-European extinction
(23 species)
E
4
Current extinction (binary)
(90 species)
E
4
Current extinction (ordinal)
(90 species) n total
n ext b
50
% p ≤ 0.05
n total
n ext b
50
% p ≤ 0.05 n total
n ext b
50
% p ≤ 0.05 n total
n ext b
50
% p ≤ 0.05 n total n ext b
50
% p ≤ 0.05 mean female mass mean clutch size flighted ground nesting sexual dichromatism sexual dimorphism diet breadth forest & scrub coastal & oceanic lakes, swamps, wetlands grassland riverine subalpine
244 11 0.006
249 17 -0.06
226 2 -0.004 0
2
34
233 32 0.11
232 34 -0.39
224 24 0.03 0
100
100
209 23 0.02
198 13 0.001
206 19 -0.22
197 11 -0.01
197 12 0.16
208 23 0.2
196 10 0.01
191 11 0.07
191 11 0.05
191 11 -0.06
191 11 0.03
191 11 -0.01
191 11 -0.13
88
0
0
11
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
1
35
186 89 0.06
185 89 -0.08
187 90 -0.52
186 89 0.26
185 89 0.07
185 89 -0.62
186 89 -0.24
180 83 0.2
180 83 -0.34
180 83 -0.17
180 83 -0.27
180 83 0.39
180 83 0.43
0
0
100
1
16
90
99
82
96
2
28
99
79
186 89 0.09
185 89 0.17
0
9
187 90 -1.91 100
186 89 0.67 18
185 89 0.47 0
185 89 -1.74 31
186 89 -0.62 100
180 83 0.63 0
180 83 -1.14 98
180 83 -0.5 0
180 83 -1
180 83 1.22
180 83 1.18
56
99
1