Name: ____________________________________________ Period: __________ Date: __________________
Learning Target:
I can define pH and use the hydrogen or hydroxide ion concentrations to calculate the pH of a solution.
Criteria for Success:
I can define pH.
I can explain and use the pH scale.
I can calculate pH given [H1+] or [OH1-]
The pH Scale
A. Expressing acidity or basicity in terms of ____________ or ____________ can be cumbersome because the values
tend to be very ______________.
1. The letters pH stand for the French words pouvoir hydrogène, meaning __________________ ____________.
2. The __________ of a solution is defined as the __________________ of the common ____________________
of the ____________________ ion concentration, [H1+].
-log[H1+] = pH
3. Remember that the values of [H1+]and [OH1-] are related by ____________.
Solution
General Condition
At 25°C
Neutral
[H1+] = [OH1-]
[H1+] = 1x10-7M
pH = 7.0
[OH1-]= 1x10-7M
[H1+] > 1x10-7M
[OH1-] < 1x10-7M
[H1+] < 1x10-7M
[OH1-] > 1x10-7M
1+
1-
[H ] > [OH ]
pH < 7.0
[H1+] < [OH1-]
pH > 7.0
Acidic
Basic
Modeling pH and Concentration
pH
[H1+]
pOH
[OH1-]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
14
13
12
11
10
9
10-14
10-13
10-12
10-11 10-10
10-9
9
10
11
12
13
14
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-14
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
Guided/Independent Practice
1-9 Directions: Determine each of the following as being true of acidic(A), basic(B), or neutral (N)
) solutions at 25°C.
1. [H1+]=1.00x10-4M
4. [OH1-]=1.00x10-11M
7. pH=13.0
2. [H1+]=1.00x10-10M
5. [H1+]=[OH1-]
8. pH=9.00
3. [OH1-]=1.00x10-7M
6. pH=3.00
9. pH=5.00
10-13. Determine the pH of the following solutions.
10. 1.00x10-2M HCl
12. 1.00x10-5M HI
11. 1.00x10-3M HNO3
13. 1.00x10-4M HBr
14-16. Determine the pH of each solution.
14. 1.00x10-2M NaOH
15. 1.00x10-3M KOH
16. 1.00x10-4M LiOH
17-19. Determine the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations in a solution that is 1.00x10-4M HCl.
17. Calculate the [H1+] concentration.
18. Calculate the [OH1-] concentration.
19. Is the solution acidic(A)or basic(B)?
20-22. Determine the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations in a solution that is 1.00x10-4M Ca(OH)2.
20. Calculate the [H1+] concentration.
21. Calculate the [OH1-] concentration.
22. Is the solution acidic(A)or basic(B)?
23-25. Determine the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentration in a solution that is 5x10-3M H2SO4.
23. Calculate the [H1+] concentration.
24. Calculate the [OH1-] concentration.
25. Is the solution acidic(A)or basic(B)?
CHALLENGE! 26-30. A nitric acid solution is found to have a pH of 2.70. Determine each of the following:
26. Calculate the [H1+] concentration.
27. Calculate the [OH1-] concentration.
28. Is the solution acidic(A)or basic(B)?
29. Calculate then number of moles of HNO3 required to prepare 5.50L of this solution.
30. The mass of the moles of HNO3 in the solution from question #29.