Ophthalmic Instruments: - used for procedures involving the eye
1. Iris scissors – small, delicate scissors
2. Ophthalmic needle holders
TYPES:
A. Castroviejo needle holders – delicate needle holders
o Long handles, spring action, delicate jaws
o Catch and release in the middle
USE: corneal surgeries
B. Derf needle holders – smaller version of Mayo-hegar needle holders
USE: suturing eyelid lacerations, tarsorrhaphy, entropion, extropion,
enucleations, etc
3. Ophthalmic retractors – retracting the eye lid open
TYPES:
A. Cook eye speculum – two curved, outward facing blades attached to
a bar
o Screw for adjusting the size 
B. Barraquer speculum (eye lid speculum) –
Orthopedic Instruments: used for procedures involving bones
1. Periosteal elevators – has a blade like structure at one or both ends
USES: to pry off periosteum or muscle from bone surface
TYPE:
A. Freer elevator
2. Bone holding forceps
USES: to hold bone fragments in line while positioning orthopedic
implants are applied
TYPES:
A. Kern bone holding forceps
B. Clam shell bone holding forceps
3. Ruskin Rongeurs – hand held; sharp, heavy, cupped jaws with rounded
tips
USES: to cut/remove small pieces of dense tissue (bone, cartilage, or
fibrous tissue
4. Currettes – look like an ice cream scoop; but with a
 Available in many sizes
USES: to scrape hard tissue (bone, cartilage, or fibrous tissue)
5. Liston bone cutting forceps- used to cut bone
 Heavy duty, sturdy box lock
6. Osteotome/Chisel – difference is osteotome has a double beveled sharp
edge; chisel has a single beveled edge
USES: to cut through or shape bone; must be used in conjunction with a
mallet (drives cutting tip of instrument into the bone)
7. Bone rasps – used to cut/file bone 
8. Gigli wire – comes in various gauges
USES: to cut bone; must be used in conjunction with
 Wraps around bone and used in a saw-like fashion
9. Hohmann retractor – single blade and handle; holes on bottom of
handle
USE: exclusively joint surgeries
Orthopedic Implants:
1. Steinmann pins – also called intramedullary pins (IM pins)
 Vary in length, diameter, type of point
 Stainless steel pin inserted into IM cavity
 Can be smooth or
USES:
2. Jacob’s Hand Chuck – required to insert IM pin into bone
 Tightens down around the IM pin with the
3. Pin cutter – necessary to cut pins to the proper length
4. Orthopedic wire – stainless steel wire on a spool
 Comes in many gauges (18-22 most common)
 Applied with a wire twister
5. Wire twister – has two hole in which wire is inserted
 Once wire is circling the bone, it is twisted like a twist tie
USES: bone stabilization in conjunction with plates and pins
6. Bone screws – come in many lengths and diameters
 Required to be
7. Bone plates- named by the number of screw holes and the screw diameter
size
 Example= 4 hole 3.0 mm plate
 Requires- drill, bits, guides, depth gauges, screws, plate benders
8. Plate benders – bend bone plates to fit patient’s anatomy