Marine Science Practice Final 1. Which variable is the variable that the scientist controls in an experiment? a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Nothing 2. What is the name of the theory that states that our Solar System was created in an explosion 14 billion years ago? a. The Creation Theory b. The Big Bang Theory c. The Ta-da Theory 3. How much of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans? a. 70% b. 90% c. 10% d. 99% 4. Approximately what percent of our oceans have been explored? a. 97% b. 70% c. Less than 5% d. Less than 1% 5. Which ocean is the largest? a. Atlantic b. Pacific c. Antarctic d. Indian 6. What type of plate boundary is when two tectonic plates come together? a. Reunion boundary b. Convergent boundary c. Divergent boundary d. Transform boundary 7. What type of plate boundary results in a lot of our trenches? a. Divergent boundary b. Convergent boundary c. Transform boundary 8. What source of energy drives the carbon cycle? a. Wind b. Currents c. Sun 9. What element makes up a majority of ocean water? a. Oxygen b. Hydrogen c. Magic d. Carbon 10. Which of the following is not a unique property of water? a. Universal solvent b. Exists in all 3 states of mater c. It is clear d. Polarity 11. The type of sediment that derives from eroded land material is called: a. Volcanogenic b. Hydrogenous c. Terrigenous d. Cosmogenic 12. The type of sediment on the ocean floor that derives from space is called: a. Volcanogenic b. Hydrogenous c. Terrigenous d. Cosmogenic 13. The study of underwater depths of the ocean floor is called: a. Searching b. Bathymetry c. Sonymetry d. Satellite 14. What is considered to be the deepest part of the ocean? a. Mariana Trench b. The abyss c. Where the titanic sank 15. Living factors are also known as: a. Abiotic b. Biotic c. Life-otic 16. What is not considered an abiotic factor? a. Plants b. Sunlight c. Moisture d. Current 17. The zone of the ocean where light does not reach is known as the: a. Photic zone b. Dark black c. Aphotic zone 18. Which description best fits the life found in the photic zone of the ocean? a. Very sparse life, not much color, very large creatures b. Lots of life, clear or transparent bodies, large creatures c. Lots of life, lots of colorful creates varying in size d. Very sparse life, clear or transparent bodies, small creatures 19. Where are the saltiest oceans on the planet located? a. Near the north pole b. Near the equator c. At higher latitudes d. Near the Prime meridian 20. The amount of dissolved solids in water is called the: a. Current b. Salinity c. Solidity 21. Which of the following is not a way to increase salinity: a. Evaporation b. Formation of sea salt c. Precipitation 22. Why are the saltiest oceans found closer to the equator? a. Warmer temperatures lead to increased evaporation which leaves salt in the ocean b. Cooler temperatures lead to increased evaporation which leaves salt in the ocean c. The warmer temperatures create salt in the ocean water by chemical processes d. Warmer waters reduce salinity, so this cannot be a true statement 23. What does density depend on? a. Temperature b. Salinity c. All of the above 24. Choose the mass of water with the highest density. a. Cold and high salinity b. Warm and high salinity c. Cold and low salinity d. Warm and low salinity 25. Which water mass would be found closest to the surface of the ocean? a. Cold and high salinity b. Warm and high salinity c. Cold and low salinity d. Warm and low salinity 26. Waves are the result of energy traveling through the ocean water. Where does that energy come from? a. Hot spots b. Release of latent heat c. Wind d. Volcanic eruptions 27. Which of these characteristics is NOT a factor in wave height? a. Fetch b. Speed c. Length of time d. Temperature 28. Which situation will most likely create the largest waves? a. 30 mph winds for a few days over Falls Lake b. 40 mph winds for a few minutes over a pond by your house c. 50 mph winds that gust for a few seconds over a drainage pond 29. Do waves travel more quickly in deeper water or shallow water? a. Deep b. Shallow 30. A current that makes a complete loop is known as a: a. Circular wind b. Gyre c. Loop currents d. Patch currents 31. What is one unintentional problem with ocean currents? a. Large density currents can move huge amounts of nutrients from the bottom of the ocean floor to the surface b. Surface currents can create gyres, which can trap large amounts of garbage in “dead zones” of no current movement c. They can guide ships across the ocean in faster travel times than normal d. They can create waves that can flood coastal regions 32. What type of currents is driven by differences in salinity and temperatures in the ocean water? a. River currents b. Warm currents c. Coriolis currents d. Density currents 33. Which level of taxonomy is highest? a. Class b. Family c. Species d. Genus 34. Change over time is called: a. Evolution b. Species c. Growing d. Adapting 35. Usually, seas are what size in comparison to oceans? a. Larger b. Smaller c. About the same size 36. Which of the following organisms are hermaphrodites? a. Flatworms b. Mollusks c. Sharks 37. What type of symmetry to Cnidarians have? a. Radial symmetry b. Bilateral symmetry c. Symmetrical symmetry 38. Which of the following is not a cnidarian? a. Hydroids b. Jellyfish c. Sea anemones and corals d. Kelp 39. Which of the following is a characteristic of sponge habitats? a. Need a hard surface b. Changing shape c. Rocky reefs, coral reefs and shipwrecks d. All of the above 40. What is a neural crest? a. A group of sponges b. A vertebrae c. A group of cells that develop from nerve cords d. Sensory organs 41. What is a characteristic of a bony fish that helps fish detect movement and keeps them upright? a. Brain b. Swim bladder c. Lateral line d. Neural crest 42. Which structure helps fish float? a. Brain b. Swim bladder c. Lateral line d. Neural crest 43. Which of the following is not considered a bony fish? a. Rayfins b. Skates c. Sharks d. Flounders 44. Most cartilaginous fishes produce eggs in pouches called a. Egg purses b. Mermaid’s purse c. Lunate d. Egg sack 45. Which of the following is not a cartilaginous fish? a. Shark b. Ray c. Chimera d. Flounder 46. Which of the following is not a type of shape of fish? a. Fusiform b. Lunate c. Compressiform d. Depressiform 47. Which of the following is not a characteristic of dolphins? a. Conical teeth b. Playful c. Eats drill d. High agility 48. What is not true about penguins? a. They live entirely in water b. There are around 17 species c. They lay one egg a year d. Their diet consists of krill, fish and squid 49. What is the largest known animal? a. Killer Whale b. Blue Whale c. Bottlenose dolphin d. Elephant 50. Which of the following are the two major sections of arthropod anatomy? a. Abdomen and chelipeds b. Abdomen and swimmerets c. Cephalothorax and carapace d. Cephalothorax and abdomen