Presentation on Social Mapping by Elton Kaitokai
Department of Environment and Conservation
Terrestrial Ecosystems Management Branch
Papua New Guinea Government
KOKODA INITIATIVE:
Social Mapping in Mountain Koiari
27th March 2012
SM program
• Proposed in 2008 by DEC and DEWHA now DSEWPaC.
• 2008 A scoping studying was done by the Australian National University.
• May 2009, preliminary study was carried out. Report was submitted.
• September then November of 2010, two field trips-Mountain Koiari LLG as the study area.
• April 2011-Ward 19-Edevu
• To date-data processing
Social Mapping?
a] The systematic collection of information on customary social groups and the tracts of land
which they are associated with
b] How diff. people connect to the places and spaces they occupy
c] Looks at the social landscape but may involve the cadastral landscape as well BUT should
not confer any legal implications
d] Synonymous in the extractive industry in PNG
Study of Human Societies
Joint Understanding II Goals
Organized into groups: (kinship, wards,
religion, occupation, age, gender, etc.)
1.Safe/well managed track
Interact: relate to each other on daily basis
Persist: continuity across generations
Change: change through internal & external
2. Enhance quality of life for locals
3. Wise use & conservation
4. Building national/ international tourism
potential
force
5. Working with communities
(JU Goals & KI activities)
Social Mapping Program
Objectives
Obtain information on;
• Identity of Landowners
• Land tenure (systems)
• Customary and political organization
• Formal organization
• Oral history
Purpose of collecting such information is to;
• Understand the nature of customary rights/interest in project area
• Provide a resource for com’ty planning and the appropriate targeting of social development
programs
• Assist with the management of biodiversity conservation
• Assist with cultural heritage management
• Assist with the implementation of REDD
• Document the com’ty groups/legal entities which exist within the Study area and where
possible the entire Initiative Area
2010-2011-Study Area
Image: Detailed map overlaid with other maps and text boxes as follow
Ward 17 Efogi -Efogi 1 &2, Enivilogo, Haelogo
Ward 18 Manari-Manari, Loni, Naoro 1 & 2, Ebologo Madilogo,
Ward 16 Boridi –Maraba, Daoi, Boridi, Milei, Manumu
Ward 15 Kagi Kagi & Naduri
SM & Mt Koiari
•SM field work has covered a total of 5 wards (Koiari Rural), i.e:18 villages with 1 villages left
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• Mt Koiari-rugged terrains, villages ~2 to 6km apart
• Predominantly SDAs
• Speak Koiari
• Socially isolated till 1950s
Social Mapping Approach
• 3 fieldworks spanning 1-2 weeks each resulting in an overwhelming amount of data
– Community Entry-via advance information sheet/track radio announcement & follow up on
arrival @ village with a community forum
Purpose: apart from com’ty entry becomes a means of obtaining CONSENT to conduct SM
basically FPIC
Informal Means/gestures of Consent; welcome songs, welcome notices, trad dancing, com’ty
welcome parade, gift/lace presenting
Formal consent seek through forum
• Intensive structured/non structured interview
Genealogies, history, myths, trad tributaries, local Mt names etc
• General observations and photography
• Cultural sites,
• artefacts etc
Data collection: Illustration Data collection: Illustration
Data collection and type
Images: maps, images of local areas, sites and people
Images: Social mapping form and person
Haelogo Population since1949
Year
Tot.pop
1949
92
1953
84
Pop Diff
-8
3
1955
91
+7
1956
100
+9
1958
102
+2
1959
102
00
1960
92
-10
1963
96
+4
1968
109
+13
1969
105
-4
2000
54
-51
2010
56
+2
Image: James Fewtrell with 103year-old Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel, Ovuru Ndiki’
Image: Tax- Census Sheet
Genealogical Data analysis
Images:
Using SM software Commty Express
Analysis by location and sex
Mapping the descendents 1958 Tax census
Findings: An Insight
•Proportion people from Koiari who are non residents/absentees from each village covered is
as high as 75 %
• The principal factors driving emigration include weak income generating prospects, lack of
health services, poor access to primary schooling, and lack of access to a high school.
• Service access gets weaker as you move a way from the Kokoda Track corridor
LOCAL ORGANISATION
• Local-level governments
• Ward make up-homogeneous vs. heterogeneous (isolated)
• Special Purposes Authorities wards-4 plus 1non SPA ward
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• Landowner companies & business groups (Ongoing Search)
• Incorporated associations (ongoing)
• Incorporated Land Groups (ongoing)
• Trekking Industry for the track villages
Other projects & IPZ
Image: Map pointing out the following features:
IPZ; Vabari proposed Agro Forestry; Binige Agro Forestry
Program status
Current study
•Genealogy data-data entry 80% complete
• Oral history-80%
• Archival search-continuous
• Final report-draft
To be done
• Madilogo
• Follow up field work-Port Moresby Koiari
• Kokoda SM-planning
The Experience
• While there are studies that look at the importance of the track from an Australian and
Japanese point of view, the significance of the Kokoda Track to the people of Papua New
Guinea also needs to assessed.
• One challenge is to record the oral histories of the remaining few carriers who are still alive in
PNG and to record the shared experiences of the villages at war.
THANK YOU
Elton KAITOKAI
Program Officer
Phone: 3014500
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Email: ekaitokai@dec.gov.pg
www.dec.gov.pg
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