AP Biology Syllabus 2016
Unit 5: Bioenergetics
Chapters 8, 9, & 10
Date
Class Discussion Topic/Activity
Objectives/Learning Targets (LTs)
Monday
January 4
Chapter 8 notes – Thermodynamics &
Entropy
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism (p. 141- 150)
1. I can explain that life is a highly ordered system.
a.
Order is maintained by constant free
energy input into the system
b.
Loss of order or free energy results in
death.
c.
Increased disorder and entropy are offset
by biological processes that maintain or
increase order.
2. I can explain that living systems do not violate the second
law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy
increases over time.
a.
Order is maintained by coupling cellular
processes that increase entropy (and so
have negative changes in free energy) with
those that decrease entropy (and so have
positive changes in free energy).
b.
Energy input must exceed energy lost to
entropy to maintain order and power
cellular processes.
c.
Energetically favorable exergonic
reactions, such as ATP ADP, that have
negative change in free energy can be used
to maintain or increase order in a system
by being coupled with reactions that have
a positive free energy change.
3. I can explain how energy-related pathways in biological
systems are sequential and may be entered at multiple
points in the pathway, such as:
a.
Krebs cycle
b.
Glycolysis
c.
Calvin cycle
d.
Fermentation
Free Energy POGIL
Tuesday
January 5
Assignment
(Unless otherwise noted
assignments are due the
next day class meets)

Read chapter 8 pages
142 – 151 (material on
Energetics…up to the
enzyme material), take
notes

Watch Bozeman Videos:
Gibbs Free Energy
Life Requires Free
Energy
(this video makes more
global connections but
also hits on some of the
learning targets)

Gibbs Free Energy Activity
http://ats.doit.wisc.edu/biology/lessons.htm

ATP – the free energy carrier POGIL
Wednesday
January 6
Cellular Respiration Overview
Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle
(POGIL)
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
1. I can explain how energy-related pathways in biological
systems are sequential and may be entered at multiple
points in the pathway, such as:
a.
Krebs cycle
b.
Glycolysis
c.
Fermentation
2. I can explain how heterotrophs capture free energy present
in carbon compounds produced by other organisms.
a.
Heterotrophs may metabolize
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins by
hydrolysis as sources of free energy.
b.
Fermentation produces organic molecules,
including alcohol and lactic acid, and it
occurs in the absence of oxygen.
3. I can explain how mitochondria specialize in energy capture
and transformation.
a.
Mitochondria have a double membrane
that allows compartmentalization within
the mitochondria and is important to its
function.
b.
The outer membrane is smooth, but the
inner membrane is highly convoluted,
forming folds called cristae.
c.
Cristae contain enzymes important to ATP
production; cristae also increase the
surface area for ATP production.
4. I can explain how different energy-capturing processes use
different types of electron acceptors, such as oxygen in

Actively read, take notes
chapter 9
Chapter 9 one-pager
due Wednesday,
January 13
Videos:
Bozeman Science:
Cellular Respiration
Crash Course
ATP and Respiration

Optional Prezis:
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Energetics
5.
6.
7.
Thursday
January 7
Friday
January 8
cellular respiration.
I can explain how cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves
a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that
harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates.
a.
Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose
molecules, releasing free energy to form
ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate,
and resulting in the production of
pyruvate.
b.
Pyruvate is transported from the
cytoplasm to the mitochondrion, where
further oxidation occurs.
c.
In the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide is
released from organic intermediates, ATP
is synthesized from ADP and inorganic
phosphate via substrate level
phosphorylation, and electrons are
captured by coenzymes.
d.
Electrons that are extracted in the series of
Krebs cycle reactions are carried by NADH
and FADH2 to the electron transport chain.
I can explain how the electron transport chain captures free
energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that
establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes.
a.
Electron transport chain reactions occur in
mitochondria (cellular respiration).
b.
In cellular respiration, electrons delivered
by NADH and FADH2 are passed to a series
of electron acceptors as they move toward
the terminal electron acceptor, oxygen.
c.
The passage of electrons is accompanied
by the formation of a proton gradient
across the inner mitochondrial membrane
with the membrane(s) separating a region
of high proton concentration from a region
of low proton concentration.
d.
The flow of protons back through
membrane-bound ATP synthase by
chemiosmosis generates ATP from ADP
and inorganic phosphate.
e.
In cellular respiration, decoupling oxidative
phosphorylation from electron transport is
involved in thermoregulation.
I can explain how free energy becomes available for
metabolism by the conversion of ATP  ADP, which is
coupled to many steps in metabolic pathways.
Oxidative Phosphorylation/ETC
Oxidative Phosphorylation (POGIL)
AP exam registration

Pre-lab AP Lab 6

Ch. 9 one-pager due
tomorrow
AP Lab 6 Report due
Tuesday, January 19
Mastering Biology
Chapter 9 quiz by
11:59pm
Quiz – ch. 8/9
Monday
January 11
Modeling Cellular Respiration Activity
Pre-Lab Quiz
AP Lab 6 – Cellular Respiration
(Guided Inquiry)
Tuesday
January 12
Wednesday
January 13
Thursday
January 14
AP Lab 6 – Cellular Respiration
(Student Design)

Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast Lab

Bioflix – Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Summary Table
Walk through CR cards
Read, take notes
Chapter 10
One-pager due
Wednesday, January 20
Friday
January 15
Quiz – ch. 9
Photosynthesis Overview
Light Reactions
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis (sections 10.1-10.3 only)
1. I can explain how energy-related pathways in biological
systems are sequential and may be entered at multiple
points in the pathway, such as:
a.
Calvin cycle
2. I can explain how autotrophs capture free energy from
physical sources in the environment.
a.
Photosynthetic organisms capture free energy
present in sunlight.
b. Chemosynthetic organisms capture free energy
from small inorganic molecules present in their
environment, and this process can occur in the
absence of oxygen.
3. I can explain that photosynthesis first evolved in
prokaryotic organisms; scientific evidence supports that
prokaryotic (bacterial) photosynthesis was responsible for
the production of an oxygenated atmosphere; prokaryotic
photosynthetic pathways were the foundation for
eukaryotic photosynthesis.
4. I can explain how chloroplasts are specialized organelles
found in algae and higher plants that capture energy
through photosynthesis.
a.
The structure and function relationship in the
chloroplast allows cells to capture the energy
available in sunlight and convert it to chemical
bond energy via photosynthesis.
b. Chloroplasts contain chlorophylls, which are
responsible for the green color of a plant and
are the key light-trapping molecules in
photosynthesis. There are several types of
chlorophyll, but the predominant form in plants
is chlorophyll a.
c.
Chloroplasts have a double outer membrane
that creates a compartmentalized structure,
which supports its function.
i. Within the chloroplasts are
membrane-bound structures called
thylakoids.
ii. Energy-capturing reactions housed in
the thylakoids are organized in
stacks, called grana, to produce ATP
and NADPH2, which fuel the carbonfixing reactions in the Calvin cycle.
iii. Carbon fixation occurs in the stroma,
where molecules of CO2 are
converted to carbohydrates.
5. I can explain how different energy-capturing processes use
different types of electron acceptors, such as NADP+ in
photosynthesis.
6. I can explain how the light-dependent reactions of
photosynthesis in eukaryotes involve a series of
coordinated reaction pathways that capture free energy
present in light to yield ATP and NADPH, which power the
production of organic molecules.
a.
During photosynthesis, chlorophylls absorb free
energy from light, boosting electrons to a higher
energy level in Photosystems I and II.
b. Photosystems I and II are embedded in the
internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids)
and are connected by the transfer of higher
energy electrons through the electron transport
chain (ETC).
c.
When electrons are transferred between
molecules in a sequence of reactions as they
pass through the ETC, an electrochemical
gradient of hydrogen ions (protons) across the
thylakoid membrane is established.
d. The formation of the proton gradient is a
separate process, but it is linked to the synthesis
of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate via
ATP synthase.
e. The energy captured in the light reactions as ATP
and NADPH powers the production of
carbohydrates from carbon dioxide in the Calvin
cycle, which occurs in the stroma of the
chloroplast.
7. I can explain how the electron transport chain captures free
energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that

Videos:
Bozeman:
Photosynthesis
Crash course:
Photosynthesis


Prezi:
Photosynthesis
establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes.
a.
Electron transport chain reactions occur in
chloroplasts (photosynthesis).
b. In photosynthesis, the terminal electron
acceptor is NADP+.
c.
The passage of electrons is accompanied by the
formation of a proton gradient across the
thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts with the
membrane(s) separating a region of high proton
concentration from a region of low proton
concentration.
Monday
January 18
Tuesday
January 19
No School – MLK Day

Ch. 10 one-pager due
tomorrow
Photosynthesis (POGIL)
Modeling Photosynthesis Activity

Pre-Lab AP Lab 5
Photosynthesis Summary Table
Pre-Lab Quiz


Mastering Biology
Chapter 10 quiz by
11:59pm
Lab poster for studentdesigned experiment to
be presented by end of
class tomorrow

See Unit 6 syllabus
AP Lab 6 Due!
Calvin Cycle
Wednesday
January 20
Thursday
January 21
AP Lab 5 – Guided Inquiry & Student Design
Friday
January 22
Quiz – ch. 10
Work on, present AP Lab 5 posters
Monday
January 25
Bioflix – Photosynthesis
Walk through PS cards
Review
Tuesday
January 26
Unit 5 Test