Name: _____Key______________________
Date: _____
MOTION
What is Motion: _A change in position in a certain amount of time.
__________________________________________________________________________.
Frame of Reference: _The background or object that is used for comparison._
_______________What you say is not moving.____________________________
The Most Common Frame of Reference: __Earth_______________________
In order to describe the motion of an object, you need to know the __position__
and how__it moves in relation to the frame of reference_______________.
SPEED:_The rate at which an object moves_______________________________.
The FORMULA for SPEED = ___Distance_______.
Time
The UNITS to measure SPEED = _miles/hours (mi/hr);
Meters/second (m/s); kilometers/hour (km/hr)_.
The FORMULA for DISTANCE = _Speed x Time____.
The UNITS to measure DISTANCE = _miles, meters,
kilometers_.
The FORMULA for TIME = ____Distance______
Speed
The UNITS to measure TIME = _minutes, seconds, hours.
MOTION
When solving problems in science there are THREE steps that we must follow:
1.__Write the Formula___
2.__Substitute numbers and units_
3.__Write answer with units to the nearest tenth____
SPEED PROBLEMS
1. Mrs. Nowadly rides her bike to school. The distance from her house to school
is 30 miles and it took her 10 minutes. What was her speed?
Speed (S) =
Distance/Time (D/T)
Speed (S) =
30 miles
10 mins
Speed (S) =
3.0 miles
mins
2. Mr. McDonald decides to travel from Buffalo to New York City. The trip is
approximately 350 miles and it took him 5 hours. What is Mr. McDonald’s speed?
Speed (S) =
Distance
Time
Speed (S) =
350 miles/ 5 hrs
Speed (S) =
70.0 miles/hrs
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
We can find the speed, distance and time by using the magic triangle. Solve the
problems below and make sure to include the formula, substitute with correct units
and label and round you answer the nearest tenth.
1. Mrs. Zawodzinski competes in the Daytona 500 (500 miles), the speed of
her car is 63 mi/hr. At this speed how long will it take her to finish
the race?
Time = Distance / Speed
or T=D/S
Time = 500 miles / 63 mi/hr
or 500 miles
63 mi/hr
Time = 7.9 hrs (7.93 is rounded to 7.9)
2. The Cheetah, the world’s fastest animal can travel at speeds of 110 km/hr. At
this top speed, how far will the cheetah travel if it takes 14.4 seconds (0.004 hr) for
it to catch it’s prey?
Distance = Speed x Time
Distance = 110 km / hr x .004 hr
Distance = .4 km
3. Usain Bolt from Jamaica holds the world record in the 100 meters at a speed of
8.5 m/s. Mr. B is also a runner his time for the 100 meters is 7.5 m/s. How
long will it take each runner to finish the race?
Bolt
Berd
T = D/S
T = D/S
T = 100 m
8.5 m/s
T = 100 m
7.5 m/s
4. It takes a plane 4 hrs to fly from Buffalo, New York to Miami, Florida which is
a distance of 1902 km. Calculate the speed of the airplane.
S=D/T =
1902 km
4 hrs
=
475.5 km
hrs
GRAPHING CONSTANT SPEED
Animal Kingdom is the 2011 Kentucky Derby Winner. The data below
shows his time and distance he travelled. Plot the data with the time on the x-axis
and distance on the y-axis. Be sure to label each axis with units and include a title.
Time in
Seconds
Distance
in miles
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
____________Derby Winner__________________________
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Distance (miles)
1.2
1.4
1.6 1.8
2.0
AVERAGE SPEED AND VELOCITY
The formulas below will help you solve the following problems.
SPEED = Distance
Time
AVERAGE SPEED = Total Distance
Total Time
VELOCITY =
Distance
Time
(has direction)
The bullet train travels on average at 277 mi/hr. However, some trains travel
faster than others. To prove this point, three trains decide to have a race starting
from point A and ending west to a train station 100 miles away. The race begins at
12:00pm. FORMULA’S, SUBSTITUTIONS, ANSWERS IN UNITS!
Figure1.
Point A
Train Station
0
50 mi
100 mi
Figure 2 show the distance the trains traveled after 30 minutes.
Figure 3 shows the distance the trains traveled after 60 minutes.
Figure 2.
40mi
Figure 3.
45mi
50mi
90 mi
95 mi
100 mi
Use Figures 1-3 to answer the following questions. Make sure to show all
work!
1. What distance did each train travel?
30 minutes = 40 miles
#1
#2
30 minutes = 45 miles
30 minutes = 50 miles
#3
60 minutes = 100 miles
60 minutes = 95 miles
60 minutes = 90 miles
2. Calculate the average speed for each train from 12:00 pm to 1:00pm
#1
#2
Average Speed = Total Distance / Time
AS = 100 miles / 1 hr
or 100 miles / 60 minutes
AS = 100.0 mi/hr
or 1.7 mi/min
Average Speed = Total Distance / Time
AS = 95 miles / 1 hr
or 95 mi/ 60 minutes
AS = 95.0 mi/hr
or 1.6 mi/ min
Average Speed = Total Distance / Time
AS = 90 miles / 1 hr
or 90 mi/ 60 minutes
AS = 90.0 mi/hr
or 1.5 mi/ min
#3
3. Calculate the velocity of each train for the first 30 minutes.
#1
#2
#3
V= D/T = 40 mi/ 30 minutes = 1.3 mi/min
V= D/T = 45 mi/ 30 minutes = 1.5 mi/min
Velocity = Distance / Time
Velocity = 50 miles = 1.7 miles
30 min
mins
ACCELERATION
Acceleration: __The rate of change in velocity.___________________
____If something is accelerating it can be speeding up, slowing down, or
changing directions__.
The Formula for Acceleration = Vf – Vi
T
Final Velocity - Initial Velocity
Time
Solving the following problems, be sure to show all work, show substitution,
and label in correct units.
Final Velocity (V f)
Initial Velocity (V i)
Time (T)
1.
78 km/hr
0 km/hr
4.0 sec
2.
28 m/sec
0m/sec
3.
110 km/hr
25 km/hr
4.
55 m/sec
11 m/sec
4.0 sec
11.0 m/s/s
5.
175 km/hr
10 km/hr
15 sec
11.0 km/hr/s
7.0 sec
Acceleration
19.5 km/hr/s
2
4.0 m/s
15.0 sec 5.7 km/hr/s
6. Mrs. Nowadly accelerates her car from a standstill to 100 mi/hr in 5.0
seconds. What is her acceleration?
Acceleration = Vf – Vi = 100 mi/hr – 0 miles/hr = 20. 0 mi/hr
T
5.0 seconds
s
7. Riding her bike, Mrs. Zawodzinski has an initial velocity of 6m/sec and
has a final velocity of 12.0 m/sec, what was her acceleration after 30
seconds?
Acceleration = Vf – Vi
T
=
12 m/s – 6 m/s = . 2 m/s/s or .2 m/s2
30 seconds
Acceleration: __Change in velocity divided by the time the change took__.
When Initial Velocity is NOT given we can assume it is? _Zero__________.
__(The object is stationary, it is not moving)_____________________________.
When an object has an increase in velocity over time it is said to be
_accelerating___. This is also known as __positive acceleration________.
When an object has a decrease in velocity over time it is said to be
__deccelerating_. This is also known as _negative acceleration________.
Example of DECCELERATION and ACCELERATION
MOMEMTUM
Scenario: You’re playing running back for the Buffalo Bills and you have
the choice of getting hit by at 6”6” 300lbs. defensive lineman or a 6”0 190
lbs. cornerback. Both are running at the same speed. Who would you rather
get hit by and why?The cornerback because he has less momemtum.
_____________________________________________________________________________.
Momentum: __depends on the mass of the object and the velocity with which
it is traveling. ____________________________________________________________.
Momentum = Mass x Velocity
p = MV
M = Mass
p = Momentum
V = Velocity
Mass (M)
Momentum (p)
Velocity (V)
5.0 kg
10.0 kgm/s
2.0 m/s
2.0 kg
50.o kgm/s
25. 0 m/s
0.1 kg
100.0kg m/s
1000.0 m/s
The Law of Conversation of Momentum: _Momentum is neither
created nor destroyed, but transferred from object to another________.
SPEED Vs. VELOCITY
What is the difference between SPEED and VELOCITY? Velocity is
speed in a given direction. Speed the rate an object moves.
DIRECTIONS could include: East, West, North, South, up, down.
Directions: Solve each problem using the formula triangle. Show all
work, round your answers to the nearest tenth .
Velocity = Distance
Time
1. A bus is traveling to high school on Division Street. It moved at 2
miles in 30 seconds. What is the velocity?
V= D/T
V= 2mi/30 seconds
V= .1miles/seconds down Division Street
2. Mrs. Zawodzinski is skipping down the hall at the rate of 20 meters
at a velocity of 4 meters/minute down the hall. What is her time?
T= D/S
T= 20 meters/ 4 meter/ minute down the hall
T = 5.0 minutes
3. A car is traveling at a velocity of 85 km/hr down the road for a
total of 2 hours.
What is the distance the car traveled?
D=VxT
D= 85km/hr x 2hr
D= 170.0 km
VELOCITY PRACTICE PROBLEMS
DIRECTION – Solve each of the problems using the magic triangle.
Show all work in the space provided. Round all answers to the nearest tenth.
Make sure to include the formula, substitution and answer in correct units.
1. Mr. McDonald is heading south to the middle school. He traveled
36 miles in 20 minutes. What is his velocity?
Velocity = Distance = 30 miles = 1.5 miles
Time
20 mins
minute
2. Mrs. Nowadly is traveling home and driving West on Clark Street. She traveled
100 meters in 50 seconds. What is her Speed?
Speed = Distance / Time
S= 100 meters/ 50 seconds
S = 2.0 m/s
3. Mrs. Z hit a golf ball at a velocity of 115 meters/s and it traveled for 3 seconds.
How far did Z hit the ball?
Distance =Velocity x Time
D= 115 meters x 3 seconds
second
D= 345.0 meters
4. Mr. B is the fastest teacher in the middle school. What distance did he run if he
had a velocity of 10m/sec EAST and it took him 5 seconds.
Distance =Velocity x Time
D= 10 meters x 5 seconds
second
D= 50.0 meters