Compiled by Dr Igor Cernavin, Prosthodontist, Honorary Senior Fellow University
of Melbourne School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Director and
Cofounder of the Asia Pacific Institute of Dental Education and Research (AIDER),
Australian representative of World Federation of Laser Dentistry (WFLD).
Huertas et al1 evaluated the effects on MG-63 cell proliferation of
application of a pulsed diode laser (Ezlase) of 940 nm at low energy
levels. After 24 hrs of culture, osteoblasts underwent pulsed laser
radiation at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 W and fluences of 1-5 J. A control group
was not irradiated. After the treatment, cells were incubated for 24 hr,
and cell proliferation was analyzed using a spectrophotometric measure of
cell respiration (MTT assay). At 24-hr culture, cell proliferation was
increased in laser-treated cells at intensities of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 W/cm(2)
versus controls; the energy density was positively correlated with cell
growth, which reached a peak at 3 J and decreased at higher fluences. The
use of pulsed low-level laser with low-energy density range thus appears
to exert a biostimulatory effect on bone tissue.
Bassetti and coworkers2 compared the clinical, microbiological and hostderived effects in the non-surgical treatment of initial peri-implantitis
with either adjunctive local drug delivery or adjunctive photodynamic
therapy after 12months. They found no significant difference between the
two treatments. In other words photodynamic therapy is equally effective
to local drug delivery. This could be significantly beneficial to those
patients who have problems with drugs.
Firat et al3 investigated the effects of LLLT on palatal mucoperiosteal
wound healing and oxidative stress status in rats. They found that LLLT
using a GaAlAs laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and a dose of 10 J/cm(2)
elicited a positive healing effect on palatal mucoperiosteal wounds likely
via the induction of fibroblasts. The oxidative stress status was not
affected by LLLT.
George Romanos4 has written an interesting update on diode lasers which
members may like to read.
Mithra et al5 evaluated the bactericidal effects of Diode laser (980 nm),
3% Sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation on root
canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis. They concluded that laser was
as effective as 3% Sodium hypochlorite.
El-Kholey6 published an efficacy and safety comparative study of the use of a diode laser in
second-stage implant surgery. The conclusion was that the diode laser can be used effectively for
second-stage implant surgery, providing both the dentist and the patient with additional
advantages over the conventional methods used for implant exposure.
Kocak et al 7 published in the Australian Endo Journal (YEAH TEAM!), a clinical comparison
between the bleaching efficacy of light-emitting diode and diode laser with sodium perborate.
They found no statistical difference between the efficacy of the LED light and the diode laser. .
Hakimiha and coworkers8 compared the susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans to antibacterial
photodynamic therapy using two different photosensitizers and light sources. (Standard
suspensions of S. mutans were exposed to laser light at 662 nm and Radachlorin or LED 630 nm
in combination with Toluidine blue O (TBO). They concluded that S. mutans colonies were
susceptible to either 662 nm laser or LED light in the presence of Radachlorin and TBO
respectively with no priority.
Freire et al9 evaluated the effects of laser (660nm) and light-emitting diode (LED) (670nm)
irradiation in the cheek pouch mucosa of hamsters with oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy
with 5-fluorouracil. They concluded that the best results were obtained from the preventive laser
and LED photobiomodulation groups; both treatments were effective in diminishing the OM
lesions .CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A noninvasive and effective method with sparse side effects of
OM would be desirable for use in cancer centers around the world.
Giannelli and coworkers10 carried out a comparative evaluation of photoablative efficacy of
erbium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet and diode laser for the treatment of gingival
hyperpigmentation using a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. They concluded that both diode
and Er:YAG lasers gave excellent results in gingival hyperpigmentation. However, Er:YAG laser
induced deeper gingival tissue injury than diode laser, as judged by bleeding at surgery, delayed
healing, and histopathologic analysis. The use of diode laser showed additional advantages
compared to Er:YAG in terms of less postoperative discomfort and pain.
Madani et al11 investigated the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the management of
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis. The patients in the laser group received irradiation
from an 810 nm low-level laser (Peak power 80 W, average power 50 mW, 1500 Hz, 1 micro s
pulse width, 120 seconds, 6 J, 3.4 J/cm(2) per point), which was applied on four points around
the TMJs and on painful muscles three times a week for 4 weeks. The conclusion was that LLLT,
using the present laser parameters was no more effective than the placebo treatment for
reducing pain and improving mouth opening in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis.
Pereira et al21 however examined the efficacy of red and infrared lasers in treatment of
temporomandibular disorders--a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial and found that
both lasers are effective in the treatment and remission of TMD symptoms. (The wonders of
science go figure)
Alavi and friends13 examined the effect of bracket bonding with Er: YAG laser on nanomechanical
properties of enamel and found that the mechanical properties of the enamel were decreased
after bracket bonding with conventional acid etching and increased after bonding with Er:YAG
laser.
References
1. Huertas, Rosa Medina; Luna-Bertos, Elvira De; Ramos-Torrecillas,
Javier;Leyva, Francisco Medina; Ruiz, Concepcion; Garcia-Martinez,
Olga. Effect and clinical implications of the low-energy diode laser
on bone cell proliferation. Biological research for nursing, 16
(2):191-6; 10.1177/1099800413482695 2014-Apr.
2. Bassetti, Mario; Schar, Dorothee; Wicki, Beat; Eick, Sigrun;
Ramseier, Christoph A; Arweiler, Nicole B; Sculean, Anton; Salvi,
Giovanni E. Anti-infective therapy of peri-implantitis with
adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: 12-month
outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical oral
implants research, 25 (3):279-87; 10.1111/clr.12155 2014-Mar.
3. Firat, Ela Tules; Dag, Ahmet; Gunay, Ahmet; Kaya, Beyza; Karadede,
Mehmet Irfan; Ersoz Kanay, Berna; Ketani, Aydin; Evliyaoglu, Osman;
Uysal, Ersin. The effect of low-level laser therapy on the healing
of hard palate mucosa and the oxidative stress status of rats.
Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the
International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American
Academy of Oral Pathology, 43 (2):103-10; 10.1111/jop.12106 2014Feb.
4. Romanos, Georgios E. Diode laser soft-tissue surgery: advancements
aimed at consistent cutting, improved clinical outcomes. Compendium
of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995), 34
(10):752-8; 2013 Nov-Dec.
5. Mithra N, Hegde; Krishna R, Shetty; Shishir, Shetty; Veenna, Shetty
A. Comparative Evaluation of Bactericidal Effects on Enterococcus
faecalis Using Diode Laser Irradiation, Sodium Hypochlorite and
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Irrigation"- an In vitro Study. Oral health
and dental management, 12 (3):145-50; 2013-Sep.
6. El-Kholey, K E. Efficacy and safety of a diode laser in second-stage implant surgery: a
comparative study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 43 (5):633-8;
10.1016/j.ijom.2013.10.003 2014-May .
7. Kocak, Sibel; Kocak, Mustafa Murat; Saglam, Baran Can. Clinical comparison between the
bleaching efficacy of light-emitting diode and diode laser with sodium perborate.
Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology
Inc, 40 (1):17-20; 10.1111/aej.12015 2014-Apr.
8. Hakimiha, Neda; Khoei, Farzaneh; Bahador, Abbas; Fekrazad, Reza. The susceptibility of
Streptococcus mutans to antibacterial photodynamic therapy: a comparison of two
different photosensitizers and light sources. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB,
22 (2):80-4; 2014-Apr.
9. Freire, Maria do Rosario Santos; Freitas, Rafael; Colombo, Fabio;
Valenca, Alberto; Marques, Aparecida Maria Cordeiro; Sarmento, Viviane Almeida. LED
and laser photobiomodulation in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis:
experimental study in hamsters. Clinical oral investigations, 18 (3):1005-13;
10.1007/s00784-013-1058-4 2014-Apr.
10. Giannelli, Marco; Formigli, Lucia; Bani, Daniele. Comparative evaluation of photoablative
efficacy of erbium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet and diode laser for the treatment of
gingival hyperpigmentation. A randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Journal of
periodontology, 85 (4):554-61; 10.1902/jop.2013.130219 2014-Apr .
11. Madani, Azam S; Ahrari, Farzaneh; Nasiri, Farideh; Abtahi, Mostafa;Tuner, Jan. Low-level
laser therapy for management of TMJ osteoarthritis. Cranio : the journal of
craniomandibular practice, 32 (1):38-44; 2014-Jan.
12. Pereira, Tulio Silva; Flecha, Olga Dumont; Guimaraes, Raphael Castro; de Oliveira,
Douglas; Botelho, Adriana Maria; Ramos Gloria, Jose Cristiano; Aguiar Tavano, Karine
Tais. Efficacy of red and infrared lasers in treatment of temporomandibular disorders--a
double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial. Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular
practice, 32 (1):51-6; 2014-Jan .
13. Alavi, Shiva; Birang, Reza; Hajizadeh, Fatemeh; Banimostafaee, Hamed. Effect of
bracket bonding with Er: YAG laser on nanomechanical properties of enamel. Dental
research journal, 11 (1):49-55; 2014-Jan.