Performance Analysis of AODV and DSR Protocols in Vehicular Ad-Hoc
Network Using 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑛𝑒𝑡
1MONIKA
SHAKYA 2 KARUNA MARKAM
Electronics Department, MITS, Gwalior 1Shakyam93@gmail.com 2 shakyas34@gmail.com
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Assitant professor, electronics Engineering Department, MITS, Gwalior
Abstract- vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is network which provides the communication
between vehicle to vehicle for providing information to travelers with new features and
applications that have never previously been possible. In other way it may be define as a
vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is an emerging technology that utilizes the mobility of cars
as nodes in a network scenario to create an entire mobile network. VANET is a collection of
communication vehicle to broadcast desired information. VANET is special application of
MANET where the nodes act as vehicles by communicating with base station or other vehicles.
This paper is mainly intended to improve the quality of service (QOS) in vehicular ad hoc
network by analyzing parameters like end to end delay, average jitter, throughput etc. in this
paper performance of two routing protocol namely Ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing
(AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR). These two protocols are compared with the help of
QUALNET. The main purpose of this paper is to focus on analysis and comparison of the
routing protocol so that this will help researchers to add their contribution in the field of
VANET.
Keywords- VANET, MANET, AODV, DSR, QUALNET
1. Introduction
A vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) is a kind of wireless ad hoc network. It is formed
between vehicles for exchanging the information directly if vehicles are within range else
sending the message through multi hop fashion. If cars fall away from the signal range and drop
out of the network, remaining cars join in, connecting vehicles to one another so that the mobile
internet is created. The VANET has a vision to exchange data using vehicle as a node so that it
will be used for the applications like road safety, e- commerce and so on. VANET is a unique
class of MANET. It is calculated that the first systems that would integrate this technology are
police and flame vehicles, which are used to communicate with each other for security purpose
[5]. In this the nodes will be used as a vehicle for communication purpose with other vehicles or
with the base station which acts as an alongside infrastructure for using protective and services
applications [7]. All these nodes are using vehicles like cars, buses, and motor cycles. VANET
implies that movement of the nodes will be restricted by the factors such as road course and
traffic regulations. The movement of the node by some means of the fixed infrastructure in the
network continuous access for the stationary networks could be easily achieved. It is broadly
accepted that the VANET must rely heavily on node to node communication [4]. Here detector
driven technique allows the nodes to detect if any wrong information is present in the nodes or
not. In this the graphical user interface unit of VANET is deployed to create the effective
scenario in the simulation software, thereby all the analysis is easily and perfectly done.
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Figure1: Architecture of VANET
2. Protocol analysis in this paper
1. AODV
2. DSR
a) ADHOC ON DEMAND ROUTING (AODV)
This protocol combines some property of both DSR and DSDV routing protocols with
significant differences. AODV is a reactive protocol. This protocol has a routing table and all of
them will be guaranteed by a sequence of numbers. The reactive routing protocols do not
periodically update the routing table when every node receives the control packet then the
routing table is updated. The AODV routing protocol is developed for ad hoc mobile networks.
In AODV when a node sends a packet to the destination then data packets only contains
destinations address this is the difference between AODV and other routing protocol like DSR.
The AODV will be working only on demand. It is capable of handling 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 and multicast
routing. It has several advantages, namely, they are loop free and self starting [1]. The AODV
develops a route using two routers one for route request and one for route reply. AODV is
attempted to improve the performance of DSR by maintaining the routing tables by maintaining
that the data packets will not have a contain routes. This routing protocol will prefer on demand
approach to find out the routes.
b) DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING (DSR)
DSR is also reactive protocol. The DSR [3] assembly will oblige each one bundle to pass on the
whole area from source to goal. It is a simple and very effective routing protocol developed only
for the use of multi hop networks which been useful for mobile nodes. It performs only on
demand basis. If there is large network then this protocol will not be very efficient. The DSR
protocol will require every packet to carry the whole address from source to destination. By
increase the amount of overhead carry through a packet will automatically increase the diameter
network. In DSR when a node sends a packet to the destination the full routing information is
carried by data packets which causes more routing overhead than AODV this is the difference
between DSR and AODV.
DSR can interoperate with mobile IP, and nodes using Mobile IP and DSR have seamlessly
migrated between WLAN’S, cellular data services, and DSR mobile ad hoc networks. DSR have
been connected to internet using network. The DSR protocol is used mainly for the purpose of
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two main mechanisms, Route Discovery and another one is Route maintenance, both of them
combine together for allowing the nodes to maintain and discover routes to destinations in ad hoc
networks. Using DSR the network is completely belonging to self organizing and configuring,
which basically requires no existence of network infrastructure or administration [10]. The DSR
protocol allows nodes to dynamically discover a source route across multiple network hops to
any destination in the ad hoc network. The advantage of this protocol is that it provide on
demand routing path and does not require periodic packet that are used by a node to inform its
presence to its neighbors.
3. Simulation setup and performance metrics
There are many network simulators available in the market but the most frequently used are
QUALNET, OPNET, and NS2. QUALNET and OPNET both also best network simulators, but
these are not opens source tools and having the more cost for purchasing for such kinds of
education studies. But the best choice is to use QUALNET simulator. There are many version of
QUALNET 6.1. The protocol performance is analyzed using QUALNET. In our simulation work
to evaluate the performance of original AODV and DSR routing protocol we use QUALNET.
Nodes follow a random waypoint mobility model, travelling at a variety of speeds over a
1000*1000 meters area for 150 sec of simulated time. We use same scenario for all protocols
because of unique behavior of each protocol to produce the output. The simulation parameters
are summarized in Table 1
Table 1: Simulation parameters
Parameter
Value
Simulation area
1000*1000
Simulation time
150sec
Simulator
QUALNET 6.1
Number of nodes
100
Routing protocols
AODV,DSR
Data types
CBR
Packet generation rate
80 kbps
Packet size
512 bytes
Mac protocol
IEEE 802.11e
RTS/CTS
None
Channel type
Wireless channel
Mobility model
Random way point
Antenna type
Omni antenna
Network
Ipv6
Pause time
2.0s
4. `Simulation Results
3
End to End delay(sec)
End to End delay
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
aodv
dsr
2
3
5
6
10
12
16
19
25
aodv
26
27
28
No of nodes
Figure 2: comparison of end-to-end delay for AODV and DSR
Throughput
throughput(bits/sec)
6000
4000
aodv
2000
dsr
0
2
3
5
6
10
12
16
19
25
26
No of nodes
aodv
27
28
Average jitter(m/sec)
Figure 3: Comparison of Throughput for AODV and DSR
Average jitter
0.8
0.6
0.4
aodv
0.2
dsr
0
2
3
5
6
10
12
16
19
25
No of nodes
4
26
aodv
27
28
Figure 4: comparison of Average jitter for AODV and DSR
In this paper, we are comparing the performance of two protocols in VANET using the
parameters like end to end delay, throughput and average jitter using the software Qualnet6.1
from the simulation results it is quite obvious that DSR protocol has less jitter, when compared
to that of AODV. Also when the throughput is analyzed, it is found to be that the DSR and
AODV has a similar performance but on close analysis it is found that AODV has the highest
throughput and DSR has𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠. Finally when end to end delay is analyzed, AODV
proves to be more promising and versatile than the other protocol. In both three cases we can
find that AODV is better than DSR.
5. Conclusion
In this analysis, the performance of AODV and DSR is thoroughly analyzed and from the
observations it is finalized that AODV has a good performance when compared to the other
protocols and is well suited for all the applications concerning VANET.
6. References
[1] 𝐴𝑘𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑖 𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎 Gandhi, “Performance Analysis of AODV, DSR and DSDV in
𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑠” International Journal of Distributed and parallel Systems (IJDPS), November
2011, pp: 167-177.
[2] Perkins. C, C. Belding-Royer E, Das. S (July 2003). Ad Hoc 𝑂𝑛 − 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 Distance
Vector (AODV) Routing.
[3] 𝐽𝑂𝑆𝐻 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ, David B, Johnson and David. 𝐴, 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑧. The Dynamic Source Routiing
Protocol for Mobile Ad-HocNetworks.
[4] IEEE transactions on Vehicular technology, vol. 58, no.
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