Jim Cardwell
Low carbon networks fund conference
Cardiff
26 October 2012
How may network technology and customer-side participation enable
connection of low-carbon technologies at least cost?
1.
Learning Outcome 1 (LO1) - Monitoring: What are current, emerging and
possible future customer (load and generation) characteristics?
2.
Learning Outcome 2 (LO2) – Customer flexibility: To what extent are
customers flexible in their load and generation, and what is the cost of
this flexibility?
3.
Learning Outcome 3 (LO3) – Network flexibility: To what extent is the
network flexible and what is the cost of this flexibility?
4.
Learning Outcome 4 (LO4) – Optimum solutions: What are the optimum
solutions to resolve network constraints driven by the transition to a lowcarbon economy?
5.
Learning Outcome 5 (LO5) – Effective delivery: What are the most
effective means to deliver optimal solutions between customer, supplier
and distributor?
2
Learning delivered is highly replicable across GB
Heat pump cluster
3
Focussed integrated
network technology on
rural and urban network:
National smart
meter data offers
baseline electricity
profiles
– Enhanced automatic
voltage control
– Real-time thermal
rating
– Electrical energy
storage
Analysis of new loads and generation
Active customer participation to minimise electricity
costs through flexibility
PV generation cluster
Project on track to deliver the learning with key milestones achieved
Customer trials
•
Over 13k customers already participating in monitoring and over 1k for active participation
(majority on static time of use tariff)
•
Completed analysis of data for ca. 5k smart meters and ca. 150 in-depth social interviews
Network technology
•
Installation well advanced, initial results from 20 validated models and operation of realtime thermal rating – remaining installation and commissioning by end 2012
•
Control system integrating the network technology and linking to customer participation
due for completion in Q1 2013 – factory acceptance testing this week
Outputs
•
Foundation work completed for engineering policies and planning/design tool
•
Load and generation profiles published by end 2012 with more by April 2013
•
Majority of outputs in 2013 - updated learning for heat pumps and electric vehicles in 2014
4
General load
Distributed
generation
Heat pumps
Solar PV
Electric vehicles
Micro-CHP
5
I&C
SME
Residential
Balancing
Direct
Control
Restricted
Hours
Time Of
Use
Monitoring
Customer trials cover a range of interventions and customer types
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Customer enrolment has produced interesting insights…
•
•
•
•
•
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High appetite for involvement from British Gas domestic
customers - with ca. 10% take-up rates
Motive to participate is cutting bills - rather than saving the
planet
Domestic time of use tariff particularly attractive - with ca. 700
customers taking part; restricted hours and direct control tariffs
are a tougher sell
Electrically-heated water not suitable for further demand
response - customers already on cheap night-rate tariffs or hot
water tanks replaced by combi boilers
SME time of use tariff also attractive - but restricted hours and
direct control tariffs are proving to be a tough sell
I&C demand side response proved effective - 75% success rate;
to be extended this winter and integrated in to the trial’s control
system
70+ customer
engagement documents
I&C demand side response
with commercial
aggregators
… and the Durham University social learning is coming thick and fast
• Domestic transitions characterise about a third of those interviewed – include household change,
compaction and multiple living arrangements
• Active energy management is present in many households - often based on ‘know how’ and domestic
calculations rather than formal knowledge
• Shadows of technologies past shape people’s energy practices today - new technologies are used
with a physical or psychological ‘memory’ of the old systems
• Energy load curve is driven by habitual routines and daily rhythms – children have particularly fixed
routines and mealtimes restrict flexibility
• Energy peaks relate to coming into/leaving households – e.g. showers, putting the kettle on, meals
SME diversity
7
Domestic energy behaviours
8
www.networkrevolution.co.uk
Durham Energy Institute
Customer-Led Network Revolution
Professor Phil Taylor
Data Analysis
• 14,000 I&C customers, ½ hrly 2 years
• 5,000 residential customers, ½ hrly 1 year
– 9,000 target
• 1,700 SME , ½ hrly 1 year
– 2,250 target
• Plus network monitoring LV, RTTR …
• Test Cell 1 data alone is comparable to the size
of the Irish Trials, we have 20 test cells
Smart Meter Data (5,000 customers)
Jan_12
Jan_12_Weekend
Jan_12_Sunday
Jan_12_Weekday
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
Power (kW)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
12:00:00 AM
3:00:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
9:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
9:00:00 PM
12:00:00 AM
Weather Dependence
Nov-10
Dec-10
Nov-11
Dec-11
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
Power (kW)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
12:00:00 AM
3:00:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
9:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
9:00:00 PM
12:00:00 AM
Weather Dependence
Mar-11
Apr-11
Mar-12
Apr-12
0.8
0.7
0.6
Power (kW)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
12:00:00 AM
3:00:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
9:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
9:00:00 PM
12:00:00 AM
Urban Customers
Jan_12
Jan_12_Weekend
Jan_12_Sunday
Jan_12_Weekday
0.9
0.8
0.7
Power (kW)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
12:00:00 AM
3:00:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
9:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
9:00:00 PM
12:00:00 AM
Rural On Gas
Jan_12
Jan_12_Weekend
Jan_12_Sunday
Jan_12_Weekday
1.2
1
Power (kW)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
12:00:00 AM
3:00:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
9:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
9:00:00 PM
12:00:00 AM
Trial Analysis VE3G:
post-trial simulation & emulation
Laboratory Simulation and Emulation
Validated Network
Model
Denwick, Northumberland
Cost Optimised DSR Voltage Control
Technical plus Social plus Economic
Network Flex plus Customer Flex
66/20kV
Transformers
20kV
Detailed HV
Feeder
Lumped HV
Feeders
20/20kV
Regulator
Real Smart Meter Data
Accurate Social Variables
20kV
7MVAr Capacitor Bank
I&C DSR A
(Web Server)
LV Remote End
(Critical Node)
Rural LCT Cluster
(Customers: 217)
20/0.4kV
Transformer
Real DSR Trial Results
DSR
DSR
DSR
DSR
DSR
DSR
LV Feeders
I&C DSR B
(Refrigeration)
HV Remote End
(Critical Node)
EES2
Real Costs
DSR
Domestic profiles in combination with ASHP and EV load and their associated
DSR contributions
DSR COSTS
DSR
RDSR
EES (100% SOC)
I&C DSR A
I&C DSR B
Cost (£/kW)
3.33
15.00
0.90
0.90
VOLTAGE-COST SENSITIVITY FACTORS FOR
CRITICAL NODES (pu/£)
Voltage-Cost sensitivity factor
LV critical node
HV critical node
RDSR
56.6x10-6
10.7x10-6
EES (at 100% SOC)
5.2x10-6
2.3x10-6
I&C DSR A
40.6x10-6
36.4x10-6
I&C DSR B
44.4x10-6
40.0x10-6
Excursion II
Excursion III
Excursion I
Daily voltage profiles of HV and LV feeders with application of control strategy
800 miles in a car with a 60
mile range?
Meet the intrepid drivers at the CLNR
stand at lunchtime:
Sergio Roldán & Giannis Sarriagiannis
Don’t forget to ask them about the
turtle!
Read all about it and check out the photos and videos:
Blog:
http://experiencedurhamev.blogspot.co.uk
Twitter:
@DurhamUEV
Facebook:
Durham University Electric Vehicle
www.networkrevolution.co.uk